The reasons for the formation of democracy in Athens

1. Physical geography and environmental conditions: The Peloponnesian Peninsula is mountainous and there is little land suitable for farming; There are many harbors, which promote the development of marine civilization. So Athenian democracy is the product of marine civilization. Second, political conditions: Athens is an ancient city-state, and the characteristics of small countries and few people in the city-state system are the political basis for the existence of democracy in Athens; At the same time, the democracy in Athens is the product of more than 200 years of ups and downs and continuous innovation with the support of ordinary people. Under the impetus of the struggle between the common people and the nobles, Solon's reform and Cristini's reform (except the measures of Tao's exile law): regional organizations replaced clan organizations, severed blood ties, weakened the power of the nobles, and established a 500-member parliament and a Committee of Ten Generals. Public office is open to all male citizens except ten generals. It was drawn by lot. The general assembly, the 500-member parliament, the jury court, the Committee of Ten Generals and other institutions have been further improved. Various allowances are given to citizens to encourage lower-class citizens to participate in the discussion of state affairs and receive education and cultural edification. These are all important measures. ) Establish democracy in Athens. Third, economic conditions: the commodity economy is developed. The natural geographical environment has developed the navigation industry and navy, and promoted the development of their commodity production and exchange. Industrial and commercial commodity economy is developed. Fourth, the conditions of class relations: under the above-mentioned economic background, the industrial and commercial slave class struggled with the nobility and developed. The industrial and commercial slave class is a social force established by Athenian democracy. Fifth, ideological and cultural conditions: economic freedom prompted the earliest emergence of humanism in Athens, with a strong sense of democracy and freedom. It can be seen that Athenian democracy is the product of specific historical conditions and various national conditions, and the city-state system of small countries and few people is the most important social condition. Historical conditions at that time.