Refers to the government (unit) in the field of housing to implement social security functions, to provide rent subsidies to the lowest-income families with non-agricultural permanent residence in this city and other special families in need of protection, or to rent ordinary housing with social security nature at low rent. Low-rent housing is the first concept put forward in the new national low-rent housing policy. Low-rent housing in China is only for rent, not for sale. Generally speaking, there are two forms of low-rent housing. First of all, after the construction funded by the government, it will provide low rent to poor families. Second, the government will provide rent subsidies to poor families, who will rent social housing to live in.
From the perspective of government governance tools, low-rent housing is a public good directly provided by the government or government companies, or subsidized by the government through tax expenditure. The effectiveness of this governance tool is sufficient in theory. The emergence of low-rent housing provides a place for low-income people to live. With the rapid rise of housing prices in modern society, it is undoubtedly a happy thing for low-and middle-income people to have a roof to shelter from the wind and rain. It can be said that the government's governance tools meet the requirements of the people, and if they can be implemented smoothly, the government's expected goals can be achieved.
Low-rent housing also has legal basis and political feasibility. 1999 The Ministry of Construction has formulated the Measures for the Administration of Urban Low-rent Housing. For those who are worried about housing, taxes have finally played a role. They forget the pain of paying taxes, only remember that now they can have a house to live in. Low-rent housing is not mandatory, and the government only provides a choice or relief for housing needy households. People can freely choose whether to accept the government's preferential low-rent housing national policy. The degree of directness is not high, because this tool is not complicated. If the government has enough funds, maybe low-rent housing will blossom everywhere.
From the national policy theory of public low-rent housing, the political system always affects the government's policies. Low-rent housing embodies a concern for the people. China is a socialist system, and people's prosperity is our goal. Under such a political system, considering the soaring housing prices in China, low-rent housing as a public facility will inevitably appear. Judging from the national policy system of low-rent housing, in the context of soaring housing prices, residents' housing demand is the input of the political system, and low-rent housing is an output of the political system.
But low-rent housing is not as perfect as imagined. First of all, the effect of low-rent housing is not as good as expected. Many low-rent houses were built, and no one went to live there. Many migrant workers would rather sleep in sheds with poor environment than go to low-rent housing. The reason is that the government only thinks that the construction of low-rent housing will solve the housing problem of low-income people from its own perspective, but does not grasp the work and rest rules and regional distribution characteristics from the perspective of people in need, and do a detailed investigation and market analysis; In the process of operation, we did not flexibly adjust the lease policy according to the actual situation, but waited for the "qualified lessee" who met our own imagination, resulting in the loss caused by idle houses, especially the "hidden loss" of the government image.
Judging from the national policy of public low-rent housing, when the government formulates the national policy of public low-rent housing, its choice is often one-way. The government will regard itself as the parents of the people, and parents will make decisions. Therefore, the government has formulated a series of national policies on low-rent housing according to its own preferences, but these policies are often ineffective because they represent the preferences of the government or some people and do not integrate social preferences. The government is wishful thinking. As a provider of low-rent housing, the government did not let the demanders choose, so it is not surprising that no one lives in the built low-rent housing.
Secondly, the provision of low-rent housing by the government has brought a heavy burden to the government's finances. In order to solve the housing problem of "double poor families", the Guangzhou Municipal Government began to implement the national low-rent housing policy from 1998, and invested tens of millions of yuan every year to build some low-rent housing, which was distributed to needy families by lottery. Seven low-rent housing projects have been launched successively, which * * * solved the housing problem of 104 1 families with double difficulties. However, due to limited funds, only a few hundred sets of government low-rent housing can be provided every year, which is undoubtedly a drop in the bucket for more than 5,000 "double poor families" in the city. The relevant departments predict that the number of people with housing difficulties in the city will reach more than 20 thousand. Obviously, the government's burden is too heavy to solve the problem by building a house alone. The insiders calculated an account for low-rent housing. Take a set of 40 square meters low-rent housing with rent of 1 yuan/square meter as an example, the construction cost is about 654.38+ten thousand yuan; The monthly housing maintenance cost also exceeds 15 yuan/square meter, and the monthly rent gap is about 600 yuan; When the house is over five years old, its maintenance cost will increase year by year, not to mention the overhaul cost. The government's construction of low-rent housing can be said to be a great burden. This is why the number of low-rent housing in various places is very small now. At present, only 148 of the 3 12 prefecture-level cities in China have implemented the national low-rent housing policy. If the government does not provide housing directly, but adopts the way of housing subsidies to let people choose housing freely, it can save a lot of government funds. But the housing subsidy itself is difficult to operate. How much subsidy should be appropriate? More government can't afford it, less is a drop in the bucket. How to subsidize? Is it through tax transfer or deduction of monthly rent? Moreover, subsidies are not good at grasping fairness. Should we subsidize the poor more, or generally less, or treat them equally? So the benefits of low-rent housing can only be reflected in theory. In reality, we need more reasonable and win-win government governance tools.