? This time, I will continue to read the seven laws of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, as follows:
Zhang Yi of Sizhou Temple in Hengyang
A water is as long as a hundred miles, but the sail has no choice but to trust the autumn wind.
Several layers of gorge waves are cold in the moon, and it rains all day.
Who reads Xueyuan East?
I don't know where to go tonight, and a small fishing lamp is revealed among the reeds.
? The poet's short biography "The Whole Tang Poetry" was written by Zhang Jian, a prick. And Zhang Xun stuck to Suiyang, the city fell, and 36 people were killed, one of them. In the Song Dynasty, Wang wrote a cloud about temples: "First in Huxiang, then in Jiangyou, and then in Yushan, we all worship them." There is a poem on the stone tablet. Zhang Jian is a general of Zhang Xun, which shows that Tang poetry is not the specialty of literati, and its mass base is profound.
? 1, solve the problem
? This poem is entitled "On Sizhou Temple in Hengyang", which shows that this poem is a temple poem. The ancients had the habit of leaving poems after boarding the Range Rover, and it was quite common. So far, such poems can still be seen in many historical sites. The title of this poem is Sizhou Temple in Hengyang. I checked, and now it doesn't exist, so I went to check if Hengyang refers to Hengyang today. The results show that during the Tianbao period, Hengzhou County was just changed to Hengyang County, including eight states: Lingheng, Fucheng, Yue, Tan, Chen, Shao, Yong and Dao. So I think Hengyang here should refer to Hengyang County, not specific Hengzhou. The main reason is that the place name of Cao Qing in the poem should refer to Caoqinghu, and the Yuezhou where Caoqinghu is located happens to be in Hengyang County. Sizhou Temple, the "Sizhou" in the name of the temple refers to the Sangha, which nationality it refers to and what its surname is. Also known as "Great Sage of Sizhou" and "Great Sage Bodhisattva", it is the founder of Langshan Guangjiao Temple in Nantong, Jiangsu Province, and the legend is the embodiment of Guanyin. Born in an unknown year, he died in March of the fourth year of Jinglong (7 10) and was buried under Puguangwang Temple in Sizhou. When I was in Tang Gaozong, I traveled to Chang 'an and Luoyang, where I saved lives and became famous. During the southern tour of Jianghuai, it was praised by the people for treating diseases and controlling water. Tang Zhongzong is revered as a Buddhist. According to the records of temple fairs in Biography, there are many sacrifices in various places, so it is reasonable that there are many temple fairs in Sizhou. According to the above supplement, we can know that the title of this poem is in Yuezhou, Hengyang County, a Sangha temple near Xiangjiang River and Caoqing Lake. Knowing this, we have some clues about the content of place names mentioned in the poem.
2. Metric
This poem is a seven-character poem. Let's look at the marked leveling line, as shown below:
A water is as long as a hundred miles, but the sail has no choice but to trust the autumn wind.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
Several layers of gorge waves are cold in the moon, and it rains all day.
Flat, flat, flat, flat.
Who reads Xueyuan East?
Flat and flat, flat and flat, flat and flat.
I don't know where to go tonight, and a small fishing lamp is revealed among the reeds.
Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
? This song adopts the rhyme style of the first sentence, so its standard format is "flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat flat Flat and light, flat and light. " According to previous experience, you can see that the author changed the level of the first word in the second, fifth and seventh sentences, and then made up for it with the level of the third word. But the first word of the third sentence can be left unchanged, as long as at least one of the seven words has three tones. Let's focus on the sixth sentence. The first three words of this sentence are even numbers, and many people may say that "three flat heads" are not allowed. However, from the reading process of the whole Tang poetry, I found that the requirements of the Tang people on this point are not very strict, and the first three words are often even or even, while "three flat tails" and "three flat tails" rarely appear. So what needs special attention here is to avoid the problems of "three flat tails" and "three flat tails". The so-called "three flat tails" means that the three words at the end of each poem in a metrical poem cannot be all flat, nor can they all be flat. And the "three flat heads" are even harmless. What can be avoided, of course, should be avoided as much as possible, with no harm as the first principle.
? There are many tones in this poem. We further use four tones to identify the rhyme of this poem.
A water is as long as a hundred miles, but the sail has no choice but to trust the autumn wind.
Enter the upper yin and enter the yin, go to the yin and yang and go to the yin and yang.
Several layers of gorge waves are cold in the moon, and it rains all day.
Yang goes in, Yang goes out, Yin goes in, Yin goes in, Yang goes up.
Who reads Xueyuan East?
Yin goes up to Yang Yin, and Yin and Yang go into Yang Yin.
I don't know where to go tonight, and a small fishing lamp is revealed among the reeds.
Go to Yin and Yang, go to Yin and Yang, go to Yang, go to Yang.
? It shows that Yin represents the flat tone, Yang represents the flat tone, the upper tone represents the upper tone, the lower tone represents the falling tone, and the inner tone represents the entering tone. So this poem has nine entering tones, namely Yi, Bai, Yue, Xia, Yue, Japanese, Bo, Xue and Chu. Rusheng is a tone that has disappeared in modern Putonghua, but it is reserved in dialect areas all over the country, such as the Jin dialect area in the north (the only area in the north that retains Rusheng). The author is fortunate to have lived in the Jin dialect area, and we can get a glimpse of the pronunciation of Rusheng from the local dialect. Generally speaking, the entering tone words are short and come to an abrupt end, and the pronunciation length is about half an ascending or descending tone. There are many discussions about Rusheng on the Internet, so I don't take the time to explain them here. There are also many ways to record phonetic words online, so I won't go into details here. Here, I just want to explain a problem that everyone may ignore, that is, it is generally not recommended to use two sounds together. Because the tone is short, the breath is easy to stagnate and the voice is not smooth. As you can see, in this poem, there is only one place where two Rusheng characters are used, and that is "Baiyue", which is a place name, so it is unavoidable to use them together. Elsewhere, Rusheng words are mixed with the other two tones. In addition, when two tones are used together, it is best to keep the two tones flat. In this poem, the word "Baiyue" is even. When you create these details, you can pay as much attention as possible, which is not mandatory. I just hope your work is catchy.
? Let's talk about rhyme again. This poem has five rhymes and three white feet. The so-called "foot" is the last word of each clause. Because rhyme has eight clauses, there are eight "feet". Among these "feet", those that rhyme are called "rhyme feet" and those that don't rhyme are called "white feet". It should be noted that this poem can be analyzed according to the knowledge we have learned before. Five rhymes, three grades and two grades are qualified, and they are not all nouns. Three white feet were put in, stretched out and stepped out in turn, and all kinds of purring sounds were exhausted and impeccable.
? 3. Transfer from bearing to bearing
This poem is very special. There is no mention of Sizhou Temple in four sentences, and the content is not directly related to the topic. I think that although the title of this poem is Sizhou Temple, the whole poem mostly describes the scenery near Sizhou Temple, or it is related to Sizhou Temple.
Let's look at the sentence, "A spring river is a hundred miles long, and the sails have no choice. I believe in the autumn wind." According to the topic, we can guess that this "water" refers to Hunan water. After Hunan water flows into Dongting Lake, it finally flows into the Yangtze River, so that there will be no common sense mistakes in the word "Hundred Guangdong". Note that the inverted sentence used here should be "Tongbai is more proficient", but the author wrote "Tongbai is more proficient", which is a common "poet language". The author explained the location near Xiangshui through "Yishui", and the second half of the sentence explained the season with the word "autumn wind", indicating a big time node. "sail" means a person, and "letter" should be used as the meaning of staying for two nights in ancient Chinese. The word "helpless" is inserted between the sail and the letter, one indicating the feeling of being blocked, and the other is used to connect sentences, so the following sentence will explain the reason for being trapped. At the same time, I also think that it is because of this trap that I have time to come to Sizhou Temple and leave such works.
Several layers of gorge waves are cold and cold, and it rains every day. The reason for the obstruction is clear. Because of heavy rain and waves, it is not suitable for boating. This is also a common way of writing poems in the Tang Dynasty. You can use the clause after the sentence as an introduction, and then let the sentence after the sentence be extended by the bearing sentence. As a common way of chapter inheritance, you can also try to learn more and apply it to your own poems. What should be noted here is that there are rains and moons. Many people may wonder, will there be a moon in rainy days? My understanding here is that it is not common to have a moon on rainy days, but it doesn't mean there won't be one. Maybe the author happened to meet him at that time.
? Turn to the sentence, "Who will miss Xiangguan Xueyuan East when the grass falls?" After the previous expansion, sentence transformation needs to be transferred to emotional expression. Here, the author points out the theme of homesickness with "wandering" and "homesickness", which is also a very important motif in Tang poetry, and many well-known works have been born. The word "wandering" is properly related to the content of the sentence. In this trapped space, it is easy for people to think of all kinds of hometowns. These expressions implicitly point out the helplessness of staying in anxious to return and having to stay.
? I don't know where to go tonight, but a small fishing lamp is revealed among the reeds. After the sentence is successful, summarize the whole poem. Because of the storm, the author still can't set foot on the road home smoothly, so he can only give a sigh of emotion and don't know where he will wander tonight. Of course, as a military commander, the author is open-minded, so the last sentence, "a small fishing lamp" vaguely reveals hope, which is also the value of Tang poetry, or we can call it "stubbornness", but the poet will not.
? 4. Duality and Bixing
? Let's talk about duality first, and say, "How many layers of gorge waves are cold and the moon is cold, and it rains all day." This sentence is a concise duality. Maybe everyone will ask, "how many floors" and "all day" are opposites? In modern Chinese, antithesis is not accurate enough, but there are no such accurate expressions as numerals, quantifiers and adverbs in ancient Chinese. These two words can be used as function words to supplement the description of content words. The use of function words can increase the flexibility of sentences and make poems look less rigid. At the same time, it also expresses a whole meaning through duality. The wind and rain kept banging on the canopy, the water was rushing, and the moonlight reflection kept hitting the gorge wall.
? Turn to the sentence, "Who will miss Xiangguan Xueyuan East when the grass falls?" The antithesis of this sentence is basically neat. Perhaps everyone's biggest question is whether "wandering" is suitable for "local customs". "Xiangguan" means hometown, I think there is no doubt about it. The biggest doubt is that the word "wandering" is more metaphorical in modern Chinese. Here we mean drifting or berthing, indicating the state of being alone. So can these two words fight each other? The author thinks that "Xiangguan" is a noun, and "wandering" is a noun expressing state here. So we still work against each other. What about "grass" and "snow garden" "Snow Garden" is the Liangyuan in Liang Xiaowang, which is obviously a place name. According to the duality principle, place names are best compared with place names. What is the place name of "grass" here? In fact, it was also a famous place name Caoqing Lake in ancient times, which was connected with Dongting Lake and Xiangshui. This is also one of the reasons why I am sure that the existing Sizhou Temple is in Yuezhou. The whole sentence means that the boat drifted aimlessly on Caoqing Lake with the waves, and in this drifting, I remembered my hometown east of Liangyuan. Here the author adjusts the position of function words, and the sentence is the first word. Here, the words "gradually shake" and "who reads" are moved to the word "34", which changes the sentence pattern and makes the couplets more flexible. Generally speaking, this poem adopts the Chinese-English antithesis method in the standard of metrical poetry, and the antithesis is relatively neat, so it is a qualified seven-character metrical poem.
? Let's talk about Bixing again. This poem still adopts the way of rising and harvesting, starting from Xiangshui, bringing out stranded wandering and homesickness. Finally, compared with the "fishing lamp", it represents the guide to home. There is a saying that lights guide travelers home in the east and west, so I think it is a kind of hope to use fishing lights as a representative to guide them home here.
? 5. Image and artistic conception
? There are three images in the first sentence: "Baiyue", "Zhang Fan" and "Autumn Wind", and Baiyue is Baiyue. By pointing out what "Yishui" is and "Pianfan" is a lonely boat, the author's situation and lonely travelers are pointed out. Autumn Wind not only points out the seasons, but also relates to Zhang's thoughts on Wuzhong when the autumn wind rises. A pun implies homesickness. There are two images of "Xia Lang" and "Jiangtian". It is pointed out that the mountain is steep and it is not suitable for crossing the river in the wind and rain. It belongs to real writing. There are four images: drifting, green grass, homesickness and snowy fields. "Drifting" is about my own present situation. Because I was blocked, I had to go with the flow, so I almost drifted out of Caoqinghu Lake. Even so, it was too far from my hometown east of Liangyuan. There are three images of "tonight", "fishing lamp" and "reeds". Tonight, point out the time now. As I said before, for travelers, lights represent guidance and hope, and seeing fishing lights represents popularity. Moreover, this kind of fishing lamp originally hidden in the reeds is more clear outside the reeds, which means seeing more clearly, guiding or hoping more directly.
? The artistic conception of this poem is interesting in several ways. After the first sentence, write a word "pass", that is, the original waterway is unobstructed, which also paves the way for the next sentence, which is a turning point. The last clause is followed by the word "letter", which means that the traffic jam is very serious and it has been stopped here for two nights. At the same time, insert a "helplessness" to represent the current mood. The most brilliant sentence is the word "zhong", which writes both sound and dynamics, vividly writing the picture of the moon shadow stirring in the water on the gorge wall. When we see the clock, we naturally associate it with the sense of strength when winning the rice. "Beating" is common, but it also describes the intensity of rain, and at the same time can make people feel the sound of rain falling on the awning. So the two verbs in this sentence not only write dynamics, but also write sound effects. The word "shake" at the turning point in the sentence describes the freedom of not being tied to the boat and the boredom of going with the flow. It is precisely because of this boredom that the "reading" in the next sentence has a foundation. As we all know, people only have time to think and recall in their leisure time, and it is this blocked gap that gives the author room to think, and also describes the blocked depression of the author anxious to return. The word "Yi" fully expresses the sufferings of a traveler, who has no home to rely on and just goes with the flow. The word "Chu" describes the surprise and hope of the fishing lamp, which makes people see the fresh popularity and feel the guidance and hope of getting out of trouble.
? 6. Others
? 1) Zhang Jian written on Baidu Encyclopedia is from Xiaogan, which is obviously wrong according to this poem. According to the data, it is found that there is also a statement about Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, which is probably wrong, but if you look at the map of Huaxian County, it is in the northwest of Liangyuan, not in the east, which is a place that cannot be solved. Let's guess the rhyme. Or is the ancient and modern positioning different?
? 2) The well-known Sizhou Temple is located in Shengshou Mountain, Yunmeng County, just in Xiaogan City. This may explain why Baidu Encyclopedia says that Zhang Jian is a Xiaogan. It is estimated that there is such a poem, attached to the temple that is now preserved, whether it is Zhang Guan Dai Li or not.
? 3) Knowing people by poems shows that Zhang Jian should not be a brave fighter. At the same time, he can also see the versatility and complexity of people and change the stereotypes in history books. Only in this way can he be more convincing when he becomes a hero.