Practice has proved that playing with 40mm ball can avoid the problems of too fast hitting speed, too strong rotation and less incoming and outgoing balls, and greatly improve the ornamental value of table tennis; However, the reform of 1 1 integral system has increased the chances of winning or losing the game and broken the traditional game pattern. Although 1 1 system has different opinions, the reform is a foregone conclusion. In order to maintain China's leading position in the world, we must keep pace with the times and conduct in-depth research on new rules, new competition systems and new features. To this end, we visited senior table tennis coaches and related experts, and had interviews and discussions with professional table tennis players. At the same time, by consulting relevant information, I try to find and grasp the technical, tactical and psychological advantages of 1 1 scoring system and big ball and open serve.
1, evolution of new table tennis rules
The revision of sports competition rules has two purposes, one is to improve and improve the technology, the other is to break the balance and promote the development of the whole sport. Looking back at the history of the World Table Tennis Championships, it is not difficult to find this rule.
In the 36th and 37th World Table Tennis Championships, China team won the championship of 13 in two 14 competitions; Among the 18 athletes who participated in the team competition, 6 athletes used long rubber, raw rubber and rackets with different performances on both sides. European athletes are very uncomfortable with this style of play and racket of China and North Korea, and they call for changing the rules. Therefore, at the 37th ITTF General Meeting held during the 37th World Table Tennis Championships, the table tennis rules in ITTF manual of1981-kloc-0/983 were revised: racket: from 1984+ 1, regardless of the covers on both sides. Serve: restrict players from carrying opponents or let opponents serve invisibly; Players are not allowed to stamp their feet when serving. At the 38th ITTF Congress, people made it clear again that both sides of the racket, whether covered or not, must be red and black.
The 39th Congress made further strict regulations on athletes' service: the vertical throwing height of the ball should not be lower than 16cmo 1998. At the ITTF Council meeting held in South Africa in May, 19 votes to 18 votes passed the motion to restrict the use of long glue. Then,1in mid-August, 1998, the China Table Tennis Association received the Examination and Approval Form for Racket Sleeves from ITTF, in which ITTF Equipment Committee formally defined "long glue": the ratio of the height to the diameter of particles was greater than 0. 9。 The ratio of particle height to diameter is greater than 1. 1, if there is no improvement, only 65438+July1of 0999 can be used; The physical indicators are within the allowable error range, and can only be used until June 65438+ 10/0,200 without improvement.
In recent years, ITTF has made three major reforms to the rules of table tennis: the diameter of the ball used for competition has been changed from 38 mm to 40 mm; ; The score of each game was changed from 265,438+0 to 65,438+065,438+0, and only two serves were allowed in each round; It is forbidden to block the ball with your body when serving, so that your opponent can't see the ball.
2. The influence of rule reform on the world table tennis pattern.
According to the latest world ranking published by ITTF every year, it can be clearly seen that the reform of the rules has had an impact on the world ranking of China athletes from 198 1 to 2003, as shown in the following table and chart.
198 1 year -2003 world top 10 distribution of male athletes
Year 8182 83 84 85 86 87 89 909192 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00010203.
China 666566 1 224543 45554
Europe 3334345667655656565565565555455455444
Others1111123121165438.
During the nine years from 198 1 to 1989, among the top 10 players in the world, there were 50 players from China, accounting for 55% of the total number, and they all ranked very high. For example, in the ranking published by 1982- 1986, the top three male players are all from China, which shows that this is the period when China players have the best performance, the most playing styles and the most neat lineup.
1990- 1994 is the low point of China Men's Team. In the past five years, the top 10 players were only 10, accounting for 20% of the total number. The main reasons are: Guo Yuehua, Cai Zhenhua, Jiang Jialiang and other outstanding players retired, which affected the overall strength of the China men's team; China's backhand fast break is not innovative, the technology is backward, and there are no outstanding players in the youth reserve force. After the implementation of the new rules, the overall strength of China team has been affected, which is close to that of other countries. For example, Cai Zhenhua, a famous backhand player from China, 198 1 ranked seventh in the world, 1982- 1983 ranked second in the world, and 1984 rose to1; However, since the implementation of the new rules from 65438 to 0985, the ranking of China players has declined, while European players have not been affected by the use of ordinary rubber, but their performance has increased. For example, Waldner ranked 1986 in the world 10. During the period from 1987 to 12 of 1998, he ranked 1 five times, second four times and top five three times.
From 1995, the performance of China Men's Team began to improve gradually. During this period, the leaders of China Table Tennis Association strengthened the management of table tennis training, paid close attention to the basic skills, paid attention to the inheritance and innovation of table tennis skills and tactics, and trained and used a large number of young players, so they achieved good results in a relatively short period of time, and a number of outstanding young players emerged. However, the situation is not optimistic. Looking at the top 65,438+00 men's soccer teams in recent years, the pattern of the world men's soccer team is still that the European soccer team continues to compete, and the strength of the European men's soccer team is still strong, which can't be ignored, especially the bigger ball, the contingency of the 1l scoring system and the limitation of serving, so that our national football players should adapt to the new rules as soon as possible.
3. The influence of rule reform on table tennis technology.
In order to restrain China people's absolute superiority in table tennis, ITTF implemented new rules at the initiative of Europeans. In the individual events of the 47th World Table Tennis Championships, the last century's "old man" represented by Swedish star Waldner was eliminated early. The "troika" driven by Bohr, samsonov and Chuan Zhiyuan was overturned outside the quarter-finals; The almost "lost" chopping technology has once again acted as a "killer"; New regulations aimed at binding China people have caused Europeans to capsize frequently. In this World Table Tennis Championships, China team, which adapts to the new rules faster than Europeans, is still the absolute winner of the first world competition after the implementation of the new rules. Westerners hope to bind China people with new rules, but the China team found a solution with the wisdom of the East. Therefore, we should dialectically understand the revision of rules, and its influence is also positive and negative.
(1) Change the game to a big ball, and the game will be more antagonistic.
The diameter of the match ball is increased from 38mm to 40 mm, and because the match ball is increased by 2mm, the rotation speed of the ball is obviously decreased, which is especially unfavorable for China players, especially in serving. The vagaries of serving have always been the advantage of China players, and it is also one of the important magic weapons to win. Nowadays, with the increase of the ball, the decline of the rotating force and the provision of open service, the era of serving is gone forever. The use of big balls has a great influence on China players. Of course, the change of the game ball makes the game more antagonistic, and at the same time it also improves the appreciation of the game. The use of big balls makes players hit the ball relatively slowly, which increases the number of round-trip balls in the game. Under normal circumstances, it is difficult to kill an opponent with one shot, and the game is more intense and exciting. In the past few boards, the situation of killing opponents has been obviously reduced, which undoubtedly improves the enjoyment of the game. The antagonism of the game is enhanced, and the players should practice solid basic skills, flexible and changeable play, quick response, quick footwork movement and continuous combat ability in order to master the initiative of the game.
(2) The scoring system of 1 1 was implemented in the competition, which increased the contingency of the competition results.
The outstanding feeling of today's table tennis competition is that the competition is constantly unpopular, the results of the competition are difficult to predict, and the results of many competitions are quite accidental. This not only reflects the continuous improvement of the level of players in various countries, but also reflects the influence of the new rules. The biggest feature of this competition is the scoring system of 1 1, which makes the sharp situation division and tactical combination of the previous 2 1 scoring system no longer obvious, and the outcome often changes in an instant. The gap between the strong and the weak is no longer obvious, and decisive moments appear frequently. Many famous players were pulled down by this rapid reversal, and more newcomers became famous with the help of the new rules. Although the scoring system of 1 1 does not fully reflect the technical and tactical connotation of table tennis compared with the scoring system of 2 1, it narrows the gap between players and makes the game more suspenseful and exciting, but on the other hand, it also enhances the charm of the game and gives table tennis new opportunities.
2 1 minute game, because the score is relatively large, there are 5 serve opportunities in one game. Generally, players with a score of 10 are often in the process of adaptation and exploration. The competition system of 1 1 has been reduced by 10, so there is no more chance to find the opponent, which requires athletes to enter the competition state as soon as possible, control the opponent well and make a good start. Moreover, the service rule of two-ball-one conversion greatly weakens the service strength and scoring ability of players who attack with service. China athletes have created a variety of techniques in serving attack tactics, and have made many achievements in world competitions. During the period of 2 1, the first two serves were exploratory, to find out the details of the opponent, and the last three served used unique skills. The scoring system of 1 1 only has two chances, which undoubtedly breaks the player's inherent attack mode of serving and weakens the attack and destructive power of serving. This is a kind of restriction for our offensive players and athletes with strong offensive service ability.
The implementation of 1 1 scoring system has had an impact on the technical style of the competition, and it is easy for athletes to have the idea of seeking stability and minimize their own mistakes, but this kind of play has poor offensive power and few chances of scoring. Greek veteran glinka is the beneficiary of 1 1 scoring system. After the scoring system of 1 1 was changed, his fierce play and obvious specialty suddenly prevailed. Because of the use of big balls, those players who attack the ball with great strength and fierce impact have greater advantages; The revision of serving rules has greatly weakened the strength of those athletes who use serving and attacking techniques. Relatively speaking, athletes with various skills have more obvious advantages. According to the scoring system of 1 1, no matter what type of athletes, they need to re-integrate their own advantages, strive for a stable and fierce competition, and dare to fight and fight, which requires the original technical style of "technology" and "strength" to be organically combined.
1 1 scoring system, the average number of games is more, at the same time, it also increases the probability of winning or losing. The increase of local integral makes the game more intense and more enjoyable; With the increase of scores, how to deal with the key ball in the competition also increases accordingly, which undoubtedly puts forward higher requirements for the athletes' technical, tactical and psychological quality. Yu, the coach of China team, attributed this problem to two reasons: First, the score from 2 1 to1dropped 10, which inevitably affected the score; Second, the service should be changed from five consecutive serves to two, so that the buffer space will be small when the master falls behind. In the past, when it was their turn to serve at a critical moment, high-level players could combine five services tactically, and change their tactics through changeable service to expand their advantages or catch up with each other. It is almost impossible to combine the two services now.
(3) The new serving rules have brought new changes.
The so-called new serve rule means that when the ball contacts the racket, the server or any part of his doubles partner's body and clothes can't be in or on the virtual triangle formed by the connection between the net and the top of the net posts on both sides, and the height of a "top" is limited to not blocking the line between the receiver and the receiver. The implementation of the new serve rules has made great changes in table tennis skills and tactics, and put forward targeted strategies.
In order to adapt to this situation, we should rebuild the service and attack system. The establishment of new service routine should try not to destroy the original service system. Taking Marin as an example, due to the restriction of the new service rules, Marin's low throw service without turning can't serve, so he can only serve with high throw without turning. Due to the decline of service quality, Marin's service attack should be dominated by grabbing topspin, supplemented by grabbing long ball and semi-serve at the baseline. The second is to cultivate a fast and fierce sense of active service. Due to the decline of service quality, the use of short pendulum is reduced, but the opponent is forced to the middle platform by speed, so that an active stalemate can be formed between the middle platform and the near platform, in which Chuan Chih Yuan violently picks the forehand and Sang Eun Oh quickly tears the backhand, and Bohr's quality and stalemate rhythm are particularly prominent. On the contrary, China athletes are not fierce and decisive in the consciousness of taking the initiative to accept services. The first player is unwilling to work hard and always wants to stabilize a few boards before playing Powerball. As a result, one move was defeated first, and it was completely passive, which led to the defeat of Busan. Therefore, the adoption of open service rules has changed the tactics of table tennis receiving service to a certain extent, and then affected the original play, making table tennis more and more valued.
4. The influence of new regulations on scientific arrangement of competitions and training.
Since 1980s, several changes in the rules have greatly influenced the technical development of table tennis in the world and China. After ITTF completely reformed the competition rules recently, China table tennis team did a lot of detailed work to adapt to the new rules before the game. According to Cai Zhenhua, deputy director and head coach of China Table Tennis and Badminton Center, good results can be achieved by retraining the new rules. Mainly from the following aspects:
Changes in their own laws. Theoretically, since ITTF began to modify the rules in 1980s, China team has been able to cope with the difficulties and achieved good results in the competition. However, the changes in the open serve, 1 1 scoring system adopted in this World Table Tennis Championships actually mean changes in our own laws. Only by looking for new rules around new rules can we redesign strategies and tactics for our excellent athletes. Generally speaking, China team has been trying to adapt to the new rules with new training methods since September 1, 700 1.
Changes in training content. There is a certain conflict between the original training system and the current rules, that is to say, there is more invalid labor in training, but the actual effect is reduced. Therefore, we have made some new attempts and reforms in training contents and methods. For example, there are two differences in training time. First, the planned time of each training content is changed from the original 15 1N to 5m 1n or 7m1n; ; It is also because of the open serve, which used to be a round of five serve, but now it is a round of two serve. The original five serves can form a variety of tactical routines, but now more routines are needed, and the frequency of receiving serves is also high, so the plan needs to be adjusted, which is the change of training content.
More scientific and effective physical exercise. 1 1' s scoring system and open service require players to put their energy into the game, that is, the quality of each cricket is higher, except for the four elements of rotation, hitting, strength and arc, other aspects must be in place, including landing point and hit rate. This requires athletes to concentrate and consume more players. Therefore, China players have made great adjustments in training rhythm and physical training. First of all, we changed our previous practice from twice a day to three times a day. Although the training time was not extended, the training intensity was greatly enhanced, ensuring the amount of exercise. The change of the whole training is also based on the principle of "starting from difficulty, being strict and starting from actual combat", which embodies the principle of combining training with actual combat.
5. Conclusions and recommendations
In view of the new rules, we should continue to adhere to the previous policy, actively respond, strengthen ideological understanding, carefully analyze the characteristics of the existing rules, master their inherent laws, take effective means and measures according to the specific conditions of different athletes, adapt to the new changes as soon as possible, turn disadvantages into advantages, turn passivity into initiative, and maintain China's leading position in the world table tennis stage. To this end, we should understand the following aspects from the aspects of basic technology, psychological training and concepts.
(1) Work hard on the basic attack and continue to carry forward the technical style of "fast, accurate, ruthless, changeable and turning" of China athletes. Practice hard, technically strive to make people have nothing, and people have me. Continue to play the advantage of serving and practice the basic attack of rotation, turn and dexterity. Athletes should strengthen their stability and success rate on the basis of rotation, turning and dexterity in peacetime training, and strive to minimize their own mistakes. With the use of big balls, the hitting speed slows down and the stalemate ball increases relatively, which requires athletes to strengthen the training of stalemate ability and further improve it, have enough stamina in the game, take the initiative to dare to fight and fight, so that their hearts are not empty and their hands are not soft.
(2) Strengthen psychological training in competition to meet the requirements of rapid changes and fast pace of new rules. Strict targeted training should be carried out for key games and local penalty kicks, so that athletes can get used to intense competitions; In normal training, we should be diligent in creating a disturbing atmosphere, increase the psychological pressure of athletes and improve their psychological endurance to adapt to the fast and tense competition rhythm. According to the technical and tactical characteristics of 1 1 scoring system, psychological training is more important than 2 1 scoring system. Cultivating athletes' good psychological quality is an important part of scientific training, and psychological training is an auxiliary means. The calmness and confidence of athletes in the competition mainly comes from their confidence in their high technical level. Therefore, the function of psychological training is to make athletes dare to struggle and strive for good results.
(3) Change ideas, update methods and adapt to the new rules of table tennis. The change of rules will lead the world table tennis to a new direction. Coaches should study the new changes and requirements brought about by the new situation, change their concepts and update their methods. Only by actively adapting to the development trend of table tennis in the world can China continue to maintain its leading position in the world in the new century.