1. China compensated other countries for 450 million taels of silver, which was paid off in 39 years, with 980 million taels of principal and interest.
2. Dismantle the fort from Beijing to Dagu,
The state is allowed to send troops to important places along the railway from Beijing to Shanhaiguan.
3. BeijingDongjiaominxiang is designated as the "embassy boundary", and China people are not allowed to live in the boundary, so countries send troops to protect it.
4. Punish the anti-imperialist struggle in the Boxer Movement.
Officials, China people will never be allowed to set up or anti-imperialist organizations. Officials who fail to suppress the anti-imperialist movement will be "dismissed immediately, remember not to use them".
5. The Prime Minister's yamen must be the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ranking first among the six departments.
Second, the influence of the Xin Chou Treaty:
The great powers extorted huge reparations, which aggravated the poverty and economic recession in China. The long-term presence of foreign troops in strategic locations in China has seriously undermined China's sovereignty integrity and national defense security; With the establishment of a special embassy district, the diplomatic corps backed by force began to override the Qing government.
It changed the status of diplomatic institutions of the Qing government, and strengthened the powers' right to blackmail and give orders to China. Severely punishing the valiant soldiers and building memorial archways for German envoys have greatly damaged the national self-esteem and self-confidence of Chinese people. The anti-imperialist struggle of the people of China is prohibited in an attempt to enslave the people of China forever.
The specific content of the Xin Chou Treaty
The Xin Chou Treaty, also known as the Xin Chou Peace Treaty and the Beijing Protocol.
The indemnity involved in the Xin Chou Treaty was also called boxer indemnity because it was stipulated for the Boxer Movement of 1900 (the year of boxer). According to the population of China at that time, the compensation for one person was 450 million taels. Paid off in 39 years, with an annual interest rate of 4%. The principal and interest are as high as 982 million taels, and the provincial "local reparations" exceed 200 million taels.
Therefore, the total amount of silver exceeds 654.38+0 billion. This huge sum is equivalent to 12 times of the fiscal revenue of the Qing government. The number of claims by countries is as follows:
Russia 13037 1 120, Germany 900705 15, France 70878240, Britain 50620545, Japan 34793 100, USA 32939055.
The annual interest rate is 4%, which will be paid off in 39 years, with the interest of ***532238 150 Liang. The total principal and interest is 982238 150 Liang, which is guaranteed by customs duties and salt taxes.
Discount compensation
After the signing of the treaty, the Qing government paid reparations to the great powers as scheduled. However, after 1904, the price of silver fell, and boxer indemnity was calculated according to the price of silver. So,1July 2, 905, countries forced the Qing government to change boxer indemnity into gold debt, and to exchange the reparations already paid in silver for gold, and compensate about 8 million taels.
Reasons for the signing of the Xin Chou Treaty:
At that time, there was a suggestion within the Qing government to move the capital to the mainland (Xi 'an) and continue to fight with the Coalition forces. But the Qing government at that time actually had no reliable army. The Boxer Rebellion has failed, and the governors of the provinces south of Shandong reached local agreements with foreign countries as early as during the Boxer Rebellion, flouting the decision of the Qing government to support the Boxer Rebellion. So the Qing government decided to sign this treaty to protect itself.
The Boxer Rebellion has failed, and the governors of the provinces south of Shandong reached local agreements with foreign countries as early as during the Boxer Rebellion, flouting the decision of the Qing government to support the Boxer Rebellion. So the Qing government decided to sign this treaty to protect itself.
The result of the signing of the Xin Chou Treaty is:
On July 25th, the 27th year of Guangxu, Li Hongzhang signed the Final Protocol (i.e. the Treaty of Shame and Ugliness) in Beijing on behalf of the Qing court with the envoys of Britain, the United States, Germany, France, Russia, Japan, Italy, Austria, Spain, the Netherlands and Belgium.
My feeling:
Of course, the people of China are unwilling to admit the reality of aggression being bullied by foreign powers. In the face of the deepening aggression of foreign powers, there have been waves of anti-imperialist activities. Pursuing national rejuvenation is the goal and ideal of several generations. However, it is very difficult to realize the revival of modern China: it is the revival of the Chinese nation to get rid of the foreign interference, aggression and oppression of imperialism. The first step is to get the people out of poverty and make China prosperous and powerful, which is a more arduous step for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In history, many people have made many attempts to achieve this goal. The Westernization Movement, the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Revolution of 1911 were all the efforts of predecessors. The modern history of China is a history in which people come from ups and downs with such spirit.
A century's time can't be assumed, so it's hard for me to imagine what China would be like today without the national disaster 100 years ago, when brave people devoted themselves to pursuing new hopes for their own beliefs and ideals.
Today, we should not forget the backbone of these peoples. Nor should those who regard family and personal happiness as the highest standard of living be allowed to slander revolutionaries wantonly and insidiously. Our country is not strong enough, and some people with ulterior motives are constantly making troubles at home and abroad, provoking the crisis of the country and the nation. How can we treat it lightly?
The ancients said: Born in sorrow, died in happiness. How can we who live in a happy world forget this history? What we have to do now is not to pursue fairy-tale innocence in our dreams, but to practice the glorious mission entrusted by the party and the country in reality!