The contents of the Putonghua test are basically the same, and all provinces and cities will issue their own test guidance books, but the basis is still the "Implementation Outline of Putonghua Proficiency Test" of the National Language Testing Center, which is called "New Outline" for short. You can buy textbooks from Sichuan Putonghua Training and Testing Center. If you are a student, you can buy textbooks from our Putonghua Testing Station.
First, the content of Putonghua proficiency test
1. Read 100 monosyllabic words.
Key points: check the standard degree of initials, finals and tone pronunciation of candidates.
(1) pronunciation should be standard and complete. That is, the pronunciation of a single word should be complete in pronunciation, rhyme and tone. In particular, the upper syllable (three tones) should be pronounced zigzag (2 14 tone), but don't overemphasize 4. (see photo)
The 5-degree tone value of Putonghua;
(2) Full of breath, clear pronunciation and mellow voice, full of movement. In other words, the initial, vowel and tone of a word should be pronounced loudly, especially the vowel, which should not be vague, and the rhyme head, abdomen and ending should be pronounced clearly. For example, the pronunciation of "poor" should be pronounced "q-i-ó-ng? (initial-vowel-vowel) "instead of" q-ng? (Initial-vowel) "or" q-i-ó-ng "? (initials-finals-finals) ".
(3) There is no reading of A as B, such as "Jun" as "even" and "limp" as "turn".
(4) Some monosyllabic words in 1 00 are rare words, so you should take a good look at Table1and Table 2, learn all the words you don't know and pronounce them correctly.
2. Read disyllabic words (including 45 disyllabic words, 2 trisyllabic words, 1 tetrasyllabic words).
Key points: check the standard degree of initials, finals and tone pronunciation of candidates.
(1) The pronunciation of disyllabic words has a certain context because of the connection between the words before and after, so the pronunciation can't read the complete sound, rhyme and tone like monosyllabic words, but it will change because of the influence of the words before and after. There are too many details here, so I won't state them one by one In short, you can't pronounce word by word, but read word by word. For example, "Qing" can't be pronounced as Qing-Qing, and "Succession" can't be pronounced as pre-servant-post-succession? Or? Wave upon wave.
(2) When the syllables at the end of polysyllables are consonants, the inflections should be read; Words connected with the upper tone should have certain tone sandhi: for example, "management" should not be pronounced as two complete upper tones "VV", but as "∕V", that is, pipe: the second half and the complete upper tone.
(3) Words with light syllables. There are not less than 3 light syllable words in this question. Soft syllables can't read tones. For example, wonton can't be pronounced Huntun, but Huntun.
(4) Erhua syllable words. This question is not less than 4 syllables. The key point of the pronunciation of Erhua rhyme is to roll up the tongue and bend it to the center of the palate (commonly known as the oral ceiling) to make two syllables into one syllable. For example, the pronunciation of "Hua" should be rolled up before the pronunciation of the word "Hua", and then read "Hua"; Instead of saying "flower" first and then "er", the result is "flower"-"er" two syllables.
(5) The most important format. More than 90% of Chinese disyllabic words are stressed on the last syllable, such as unity, immediately, test and work. However, a few words are stressed on the first syllable, and the second syllable is secondary stress, not light syllable. Light syllables are light and short, and words with heavy format are only slightly lighter than the previous syllable but as long as the sound. Such as achievements, system, mistakes, punishment, analysis, convenience, utilization, criticism, atmosphere, art and so on. If these pre-stressed words are read as post-stressed, they will sound awkward and show the unique colors of people in dialect areas when learning Mandarin.
3. Read short passages (60 reading materials are given in the syllabus).
Focus: Test the level of candidates reading written works in Mandarin. At the same time, we should measure the standard degree of initials, finals and tones, and attach importance to tone sandhi, stop, intonation and fluency.
(1) A word that must be read softly will have obvious pronunciation when stressed, and this word will be deducted according to the error. Words that must be read softly include:
① The structural auxiliary word "de, de and de"
② Dynamic auxiliary words "zhe, le and guo";
③ Tendency verbs "come, go", such as past and return;
4 the word "up and down" is like a mountain;
(5) Suffix words "zi, tou", etc. , such as son, head (changed to stress after rolling tongue sounds, such as old man); Overlapping words, such as sister, look; It was the last one to read it softly.
(2) When a sentence, especially a long sentence, can't be read in one breath, we should pay attention to whether the pause is appropriate. Generally speaking, it should stop in a meaning group, not in the middle of a word, which leads to a word being divided into two sentences. Improper suspension will deduct points.
(3) When reading aloud, don't read word by word, word by word. This is called lexicalization, and points will be deducted.
(4) Don't read back when reading aloud. If there is memorization, points will be deducted according to fluency.
(5) The reading speed should be moderate, neither too fast nor too slow. When there is no familiar content or dialect influence, the speech speed is faster; However, when unfamiliar content appears or influenced by dialects, the speech speed slows down. This should also be deducted according to the unsmooth.
(6) Some preserved training materials have made phonetic notation for some words in the reading works, and should be read according to phonetic notation when reading aloud. If you don't pronounce according to the phonetic notation, you will be deducted according to the error.
4. Propose to speak
Focus: measure the level of candidates speaking Mandarin without words, that is, oral expression ability. Focus on measuring the standard degree of pronunciation, the standardization degree of vocabulary and grammar, and the natural fluency degree.
(1) The intonation is natural and smooth. Try to use short sentences, because spoken English is short sentences.
(2) Don't use modifiers or long sentences. For example, "I stepped on the slippery streets paved with pebbles and stayed in the warm and humid atmosphere in the south …", which was written with my heart. If I am not fluent, I will be penalized.
(3) Do not use dialect vocabulary and dialect grammar. Some people speak dialect words in Mandarin instead of dialects. Some people pronounce in Putonghua, but it is dialect grammar and word order, and points will be deducted according to dialect errors.
(4) Don't use other people's ready-made manuscripts or books on the Internet as the content of the proposition. In this case, the similarity will be deducted by 4~6 points. There is a model essay on the Internet, which deals with all 30 topics with one topic, and it is called "Talking Universal Topic-Scrambled Eggs with Tomatoes". This kind of bad practice is resolutely put an end to in the exam. Testers all know the online model essay. As long as candidates use the online model essay, they will be deducted 6 points according to the similarity. At the same time, you don't have to memorize your own manuscript. The manuscripts memorized are all written thinking. This question is a test of oral expression and thinking ability. If you recite a written manuscript, you will be deducted according to your poor oral English during the exam. Because there is a clear difference between oral expression and written expression. For example. There are a lot of adjectives and modifiers in written language, while spoken language is much more concise. Written language is subject-predicate format, and spoken language may be subject-predicate format. For example: "Students who have finished their homework raise their hands" (written language); Raise your hand to finish your homework. Another example is: "please help find some classmates and move these books to the newly completed school library" (written language); Please ask some people to move the books to the school library.
(5) Don't deviate from the given topic. When you speak, you should speak according to the topic you choose, and don't digress, otherwise you will be deducted 4~6 points for digression. For example, "Talking about Hygiene and Health" talks about hygiene and health, and when the conversation turns, it reminds me of my mother, her voice and face, and so on. This will be deducted according to digression.
(6) When there is no shortage, say 3 minutes. Candidates who take the computer test don't need to calculate the time, and they don't need to look at the blue dynamic bar displayed on the computer screen, because the dynamic bar moves very fast in the first two and a half minutes and almost stops at the back, so it stays there all the time because it doesn't arrive. Many candidates think that when the time is up, they say "I'm finished, I'm finished" and then say nothing. When the time runs out, the effective speech is less than 3 minutes, and points are deducted.
(7) Don't say anything irrelevant to the exam. These three minutes can only talk about the content related to the topic, not irrelevant. For example, in order to pass the rest of the speech time, some candidates go to count, read the examination room instructions, read the admission ticket information and so on. These will be deducted according to invalid words.
(8) Don't say anything that is too exciting, too sad or too emotional, lest you get emotional and burst into tears, and it is difficult to continue. This will also be deducted according to the unsmooth.
Second, the examination process
(1) number of the pumping station.
Candidates should arrive at the examination place half an hour earlier than the time on the admission ticket.
Candidates draw lots according to the test batch, the seat number is fixed, and candidates draw lots at random.
(2) Enter the exam preparation room
Candidates can use paper and pens in the preparation room, but they are not allowed to bring them into the examination room.
Candidates should be seated according to the seat number after entering the preparation room. There is a sample paper that is exactly the same as the computer test paper used by the candidates in this position. Candidates are not allowed to mark or write on sample paper. You can take notes on your own paper, but the notes must not be brought into the examination room. Candidates who enter the examination room bring nothing but ID cards and admission tickets.
Test preparation content
First question? If you don't know the words, you can look them up in the dictionary and the guidebook for the Putonghua proficiency test.
The second question? Find 3~4 light words that must be read. Such as "beauty, grandson, cucumber, harvest, girl, how, what, pants, sentences, shelves, emperor, sister, grandmother" and so on.
The third question? Look at the guidebook of Putonghua proficiency test, and don't mispronounce the words prompted by the works.
Question four? Choose a topic and prepare a speech outline. Mark the events in the outline with phrases or one or two words, and try to talk about the process and details, not empty talk or big talk.
(3) Entering the examination room
Find a seat.
Find a computer seat with the same number as the candidate's lottery, put on headphones after sitting, and don't move the switch. The teacher has set it to "On" status. Candidates are not allowed to touch the computer and mouse, obey the unified command of the computer teacher and operate according to the teacher's password.
Register for the exam number.
Candidates should enter the last four digits of the test number, not the last four digits of the ID number. Because the admission ticket has both the admission ticket number and the ID number.
Enter the system audition.
Read the text given on the screen aloud according to the system prompt. At that time, the provided dynamic bar of volume recognition will change from yellow to green, which is the best state. If it changes from green to red again, it is noise. If the yellow is too weak, the red and yellow systems will not recognize it, which will lead candidates to take the exam. Audition only provides two auditions, and you can take the exam only if you successfully pass the audition.
Enter the test paper.
The first question contains 100 words, 10 lines, one line in blue and one line in black, to avoid continuous reading. Candidates should read horizontally, not vertically, otherwise the system will not recognize it.
Question 2: 100 polysyllabic words are arranged in 7 lines, one in blue and the other in black, to prevent candidates from reading together. Candidates should read horizontally, not vertically, otherwise the system will not recognize it.
The third problem is reading aloud.
Special reminder: 1, 2 and 3 candidates do not need to wait for the blue dynamic time bar to run. Just read the content of the question and click OK to enter the next question.
Question 4: Proposition speaking
Choose one of the two questions given. After speaking for three minutes until the screen jumps, candidates can leave the examination room with their ID cards and admission tickets. Don't make any noise when you leave. The admission ticket should be kept for use when checking the results.