Lottery couplets began in the Northern Song Dynasty, and people scoffed at some couplets by Hui Chong, a painter and monk. Hui Chong, a native of Fujian, is one of the nine great poets in China. He was an official before he entered the temple as a monk. He just had a premonition that his future was not good and resigned to save his life. Afraid that he could not stand people's misunderstanding when he returned to his hometown, he found an ancient temple in the deep mountains.
Hui Chong and Su Dongpo are contemporaries, and they have close contacts. Su Dongpo once wrote an inscribed poem in Hui Chong's "The Night Scene of the Spring River", which was widely read in the past dynasties: "Peach blossoms are three or two outside the bamboo, and the duck prophet warms the spring river. Artemisia sphaerocephala has short reed buds all over the ground, which is the time for puffer fish to go up. " After middle age, Hui Chong became more and more homesick in the temple. Most of his paintings at that time only painted animals such as Dawei, rivers, villages, farmland, pigs, cats, dogs, chickens, geese, ducks, birds, and plants such as bamboo, peach blossoms, lotus flowers and grass that he personally saw in his hometown as a teenager.
One of his country paintings has a title: "The river divides into hills and burns green in spring." It was his fame that made him a painter and a poet, and his previous fame increased several times. There was a monk named Zhao Wen. He was also good at painting and writing poems, and he knew Hui Chong very well. Seeing that Hui Chong's "Jia Lian" was widely praised in the literary circle and that he was dwarfed, he was eager to find out the shortcomings of this couplet. He found that "the river is divided into mountains" comes from the poem of the Tang Dynasty poet Sikong Shu, and "Spring is burning" comes from the poem of the Tang Dynasty poet Liu Changqing. On this basis, he wrote an offensive poem: "Rivers and Mountains" is not that the senior brother is more wrong than the ancient poems, but that the ancient poems have made the senior brother. "This poem" A Record of the Song Dynasty Gardens "is recorded in the first volume. Monk Zhao Wen's intention in writing this poem is to make Hui Chong unbearable. How about your poem "The river divides the hills, and the spring burns green"? But I stole it from someone else. When Zhao Wen wrote this poem, it caused another big storm. Is it immoral for Hui Chong to make such contact? This association did not belong to the boring literati at that time. They made a lot of dialogues and put them in a bamboo tube. Some people who don't believe in ghosts and gods shake their bamboo tubes again and again to ask for reorganization, just to take a chance. People who believe in God first burn incense and worship Buddha for magical powers, and then draw lots to give them a pair of beautiful couplets and become famous in one fell swoop. The couplets made by this couplet method are "lottery couplets".
The lottery method is clumsy, and the association produced by mechanical association is blunt. It is difficult to organically integrate China's upper and lower associations with the associated words, which can not reflect real life normally and objectively. Let's take a look at some associations. Now, according to the ancient melody, such as the melody of enlightenment, we choose the right kind of books:
Cloud; It is raining. Snow; The wind. Take photos at night; A clear sky. Jiang Feng; Sea fog. Inside; Outside. Ming; Darkness. Light; Thick. Day; Month. Spring; summer Autumn; winter Home; Country. Household use; Windows. Father and son; Brother of monarch and minister; Brother. Children; Female. Son; Sunday sunlight; Heavy. Ren; Justice. Geographical location; People and peace. Cattle; Horses. Dogs; Cats. Melon; Fruit. Li; Peach. Ear of wheat; Rice seedlings. Bamboo; Pine Zimu; Fisherman. Listen; Look at that. ok； Lie down. Come; Let's go Come red; Go to Yan. Under the tree; Before the flowers. Fish play; Dutch wind.
Based on this, the following four couplets can be drawn. Laihong is a lodging bird; To swallow insects. Clouds come to light bamboo; The rain is getting heavier and looser. Brother, listen to Jiang Feng; Dude, look at the sea fog. Spring cattle under the tree; Autumn horses lie in front of flowers.
These "couplets" have clear pronunciation and mellow tones, which are easy to read, but there are some problems when you think about it carefully. "Laihong is a lodging bird". In fact, Laihong may be a lodging bird or a passer-by. Birds' wings can't be controlled by lottery. "Go to swallow and sing worms" is true, but when you think about it, there is no comparability between swallow and worm. In life, people seldom think about it, and the distance between Yan and insects is also very far away. It's like two young men and women who don't know each other, walking across the birthplace, insisting that they are lovers. If they want to pretend, they will be in trouble. If they pretend twice, the spectators will feel uncomfortable. Everything in nature is interlocking, and the situation that a seed falls in place A is different from that in place B. It is normal for people's thinking to grow according to the actual situation, otherwise it is subjective imagination, which is difficult for others to know, resulting in discomfort in their hearts. The above three couplets are also against reality. Nouns and nouns are not organically combined, and the relationship is unnatural, but they lack coherence and have obvious intention to break. The clouds are coming. Is the bamboo really withered? When the rain falls on the pine tree, it will become thicker. Listen to Jiang Feng. Look at the reality. Sea fog can be so atmospheric. The cows are walking under the tree? Matthew likes to run away, so it is unnatural to let him associate with idle flowers and grass.
Put a bamboo stick with a noun on it into a bamboo tube and shake it to get the words, which is similar to people's associative thinking, just as computers can't replace the human brain, and lottery is not enough. But we seem to think that Hui Chong's joint work: "The river divides into hills and the potential is broken; Spring is green on the grass. " Like drawing lots, phrases can also be drawn lots. Drawing lots is a game. When people draw lots, they only have fun and speculation, but have no real feeling of life. The generation of true feelings is a process, and many nouns meet immediately when drawing lots, and emotions cannot be involved.
Hui Chong's "rivers and mountains divide, and spring burns." . We don't rule out that "Rivers and Mountains Divide" and "Scorching in Spring" were written in Hui Chong's heart from Tang poetry, because these two sentences were appreciated by Hui Chong and moved by it. They participated in Hui Chong's thinking like words. They were selected from countless words and phrases to describe their situation and feelings at that time. This sentence first melts into a certain aspect of life, and then takes it out in an orderly way. Moreover, linking youth and paragraph is not an opposite word, green is a color, paragraph is the form of things, green is a noun and paragraph is a verb. The meaning of words is guided by collocation. The burnt hay germinates and turns green with the arrival of spring, which has a dynamic meaning. It can also be used as a verb here. Therefore, Hui Chong's "River divides into hills, and the spring enters the burning mark" does not belong to the lottery.