The division method of pause in classical Chinese reading
Chapter one: the division method of reading pause in classical Chinese.
Reading is an important aspect of language ability, and the pause in sentences, especially in classical Chinese, is an important embodiment of reading ability. There are six situations: pay attention to pause.
1, there should be a pause between the subject and the predicate.
There should be a pause between the predicate and the object.
There should be a pause between the predicate center and the prepositional phrase.
There should be a pause between "Gu Er and Jin Yi".
There should be a pause after the related words.
6. There should be a pause after the general introduction.
Third, the method of guidance.
There are several ways to determine the pause in a paragraph:
1, there should be a pause after the auxiliary word (also called the first word) and the related word. In classical Chinese, there are some function words placed at the beginning of a sentence, which play the role of emphasizing mood or guiding the whole sentence or even the whole paragraph. Commonly used sentence words and related words mainly include the following:
The first words in the sentence (1) are: Zhi, Ruo, Zhi Ruo, Ruofu, Gairan, Ran Ze, Qi Ruozhi, Yi, Cheng Yi, Zhe, Qi and so on.
For example, if it rains in spring, it will be appropriate to open a holy court in Beitong Martial Arts.
(2) Related words: cut, although, because, only, therefore, etc.
Like earth and stone? Even if I die, God will be responsible for it. /people are like earth and stone.
When reading, pause after these words, and you can't read the following words.
2. There were two monosyllabic words in ancient times and one disyllabic word in modern Chinese, which should be read separately. For example:
(1) so the day will/is also.
(2) can/and the first world war.
(3) The sound of middle/middle force collapsing. 49(2c7 If the inflection word appears at the beginning of the sentence. For example, there should be a pause between predicate and complement. Warn 2
2. What are the reading methods of classical Chinese? How to Teach Classical Chinese, Yang and Abstract Well in Baodi No.5 Middle School In order to change the long-standing teaching situation of classical Chinese, such as "old", "slow", "poor" and "expensive", and optimize the teaching process of classical Chinese, this paper tries to stimulate students' interest, improve the actual effect, and put forward specific measures according to the characteristics of classical Chinese teaching and learning, so as to promote classical Chinese teaching.
Keywords Stimulate interest, refine flexible methods carefully, improve actual effect, accumulate and migrate "Some well-known classical Chinese texts handed down after thousands of years of elutriation are the best in poetry and the essence of Chinese cultural heritage", and the classical Chinese texts selected as teaching materials are among the best. However, it goes without saying that the teaching of classical Chinese has been in a state of old (teaching method), slow (slow progress), expensive (time-consuming) and poor (poor effect) for a long time.
The vast majority of students are not interested in classical Chinese, even disgusted and afraid. There are many reasons for this situation, including "teaching": many teachers still use the traditional way of giving lectures word by word, so that students can take notes and then draw questions from them for training; Or focus on knowledge teaching, focusing on the understanding and translation of words, words and sentences, and leave the rest to students to solve; Or just focus on reciting, let the students recite the text, take notes and recite the answers to the exercises.
This kind of classroom does not reflect the spirit of the new curriculum reform concept, and can not let students experience the essence of ancient Chinese, let alone improve their ability to learn classical Chinese. Therefore, our front-line teachers must reform our classical Chinese teaching with great efforts and appropriate ways, so that the spring breeze of the new curriculum reform can also be "yumenguan".
Reform classroom teaching, optimize teaching process, improve teaching efficiency as much as possible, and make classical Chinese glow with new vitality. Classical Chinese, after all, is far away from our life, and teaching method cannot be equated with modern Chinese teaching method, but it is not a foreign language and has a very strong inheritance relationship with modern Chinese, which is "great harmony" and "small difference".
Therefore, we can learn from the successful experience of modern Chinese teaching, such as focusing on cooperation, inquiry, open learning methods, personalized teaching, etc., to form a flexible and practical teaching system with classical Chinese characteristics. Let's talk about the specific methods of classical Chinese teaching in the first volume of the eighth grade of People's Education Press: First, stimulate interest.
Active learning is possible only with interest, and cultivating students' interest in classical Chinese is the premise of good classical Chinese. During the lecture, you must always remember this string.
(1) has a strong faculty. I still clearly remember the class in which my freshman Chinese teacher, Mr. Yang Nailin, talked about Song Ci. He talked about Li Yu, and his ci style changed from Wen's Huajian Ci. Liu Yong, whose lyrics are written under orders; Su Dongpo and Xin Qiji, they are bold poets; There is also Nalan Xingde in the Qing Dynasty.
What shocked us even more was that Mr. Yang was able to write his representative works on the blackboard quickly without looking at the lesson plan. His cadence reading and comments completely touched us. Song ci is so beautiful! We took notes in a hurry Teacher Yang smiled and said, "No notes, no notes. Let's talk about it later. " But we won't stop for fear of leaving a word behind. The deskmate will discuss, the first sentence you should remember, the second sentence I should remember, and the third sentence he should remember.
It is really the enjoyment of linguistic beauty and artistic beauty, such as sitting in the spring breeze, which makes me fascinated by classical literature. I'm not exaggerating.
Think carefully, have you ever enjoyed such a class and been deeply touched by your own thoughts? To create such a class, the teacher must have devoted his * * *. The classical Chinese selected into the textbook contains the author's ideals and emotions, which are all expressed by the author. In teaching, our teachers should also guide students to "penetrate the text into the emotion", go deep into the author's inner world, and be happy or sad with the author, or worry or hate.
It should be said that in order to be full of * * * in the classroom, teachers should be familiar with history and understand the ancients in order to be affectionate and righteous. Imagine, if you don't know Cao Cao, how can you understand the strong and exciting spirit of "looking at the eastern sea" If you don't know Su Shi, how can you understand the boldness of "a romantic figure through the ages, one river does not return"? If you don't know Xin Qiji, how can you understand the helplessness and anger of "patting the railing all over, no one is present, boarding the meeting"? The teacher's * * * helps students to have a strong interest. On this basis, students will certainly enjoy beauty, be infected and edified, so that their prices and spirits can be shaped and sublimated.
(2) Carefully design the lead. Let the introduction of each classical Chinese lesson conform to the principles of simplicity, diversity and interest mobilization, and play the role of "one stone stirs up a thousand waves".
Let's give a few examples: reviewing old knowledge, the introduction of "The Story of the Nuclear Ship" can be like this: "We learned a work about the superb skills of ancient artists, remember? Can you recite a few sentences? " Students can answer it and then introduce a new lesson: "The story of the nuclear ship we are learning today is an article describing the superb skills of sculptors, please pay attention to the similarities and differences of the writing"; The lead of "Looking at the Lake Pavilion Snow" is: "West Lake is a famous scenic spot, and we have learned many poems describing it. Think about what you can remember? " Students can say a few words, such as "Gushan Temple in the northwest of Jiating, the water surface is flat and the clouds are low", "The West Lake is always lighter than the West Lake", "After all, the scenery of the West Lake is different from the four seasons in June" and so on. The teacher went on to say, "We all appreciate the beautiful scenery of the West Lake in spring and summer, so what is it like in winter?" Let's take a look at the description in Zhang Dai's "Lake Pavilion Watching Snow"; With the introduction of famous sayings and poems, the lead of A Passage on the Avenue is: "Dr. Sun Yat-sen has a famous saying, which is in the text we are going to learn today. Do you know which sentence it is? "The students have previewed the text, and most of them can guess that it should be" The World is Public ".
The lead of the Three Gorges is: "Let's recite Li Bai's" Get Up Early in Baidicheng ". Who can tell us what "Jiangling" means and what "Chung Shan Man" means? " This leads to the beautiful Three Gorges; Through the comparison between ancient and modern times, the introduction of The Snake Catcher is: "Our people are striving to build a new socialist countryside. For thousands of years, the tax system for farmers' farming has been abolished and some subsidies have been given, which fully embodies the superiority of the socialist system. In contrast, the snake catcher's theory profoundly reveals the depth that exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes bring to farmers.
3. How to write you a model essay on ancient Chinese reading activities for your reference?
Just add the information of your school when you write it. -The guiding ideology of ancient poetry reading activities is based on the special geographical location of our school. In order to develop the characteristics of our school and promote the study of Chinese classes, we strive to make students receive the basic training and cultural edification of China's ancient poems in a subtle way, further activate the tradition, strengthen their self-cultivation and improve their cultural taste according to the principle of the ancient poetry reading project.
Since 200 1, the school has planned and launched an ancient poetry reading activity with the theme of "excavating the cultural heritage of ancient cultural streets and promoting the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation". At the beginning of basic orientation activities, the main target is students, and different methods are adopted to carry out activities according to the characteristics of grades.
Textbooks use China Ancient Poetry Reader and self-built textbooks. With the in-depth development of the activity, the participants expanded to teachers and parents.
The development goal is to mobilize every student's enthusiasm for reading, so that every student can be influenced by excellent traditional culture and form a learning atmosphere of active reading and continuous reading. Average 20 minutes a day, persist for three years, and benefit for life.
Specific implementation process: First, the whole school is mobilized, and the preparation stage is as early as 200 1 end of the year. Under the strong advocacy of the school, all the teachers in the Chinese language group actively planned and made preparations for the ancient poetry reading activities. According to the characteristics of different grades and students, at the beginning of each semester, each grade group makes different plans according to the specific characteristics of this grade.
Second, the time guarantee when making the plan, the requirement of reading for an average of 20 minutes per day was put forward. In addition to reading ancient poems 2 to 5 minutes before each Chinese class, we also set aside 10 minutes for self-study for this activity.
Students with strong interests can also participate in weekly extracurricular group activities. Iii. specific activities 1. In order to improve students' interest in reading ancient poems, teachers held various recitation competitions in class.
There are written and oral exams. Oral examination is also divided into different forms, such as taking turns to recite, drawing lots to recite, etc.
2. In order to arouse children's enthusiasm, the teachers of the language group of the universal challenge platform launched the activity of striving to be small examiners. Every Friday at noon, the examiner will assist the teacher to evaluate the recitation of other students, fill in the recitation files for them, affix reading badges and so on.
In order to announce the review results to the students, the teachers designed a review pass table and posted it in each class. Last year, we also designed a list of age passes and posted it on each floor. ).
Every week, the recitation times of each class will be published, including the statistics of each student's recitation times and the statistics of each class. Make a summary and commendation every semester.
3. Appreciation of Poetry and Painting Students are reciting more and more ancient poems, and their understanding of poetry is also deepening. Therefore, every time you recite a poem, you must match a picture.
In the Chinese class, the students told everyone about the contents of poems and paintings and their own feelings. Such a person recites poems, which benefits the whole class.
And post excellent works in class newspaper, grade newspaper and school publicity window. 4. The theme class meeting of ancient poetry and prose opened the reading class of ancient poetry and prose in the first and second grades of senior high school this semester. There are recitation, singing, sketch performance, games, recitation competition, dictation competition and poetry activities at the class meeting.
Let the class meeting activities be colorful and substantial. 5. Blackboard newspapers publicize each class to cooperate with ancient poetry activities, collect and screen materials, and then make exquisite blackboard newspapers to create a rich atmosphere for reading activities.
In addition, the first and second grade students also make exhibition boards in the class, grade and school windows. 6. Grade Ancient Poetry Talent Show On the basis of each class meeting, excellent programs were selected and two grade ancient poetry talent shows were held respectively. The students actively participated in the meeting, and the atmosphere was warm. After the meeting, the students responded well.
Our teacher also took part in the activity. 7. Chinese activity textbook At the beginning of the semester, the Chinese group teacher made a plan to hold a Chinese activity class every two weeks.
The content of the activity class is mainly ancient poetry, which is combined in and out of class, and the form is flexible and diverse. 8. Be a little gentleman. Some classes have carried out the activity of "reciting famous articles of past dynasties and being a little gentleman".
It is to let students go to the podium, be small teachers, and lead everyone to learn ancient poetry and prose. In this process, students have exercised their abilities and realized the hard work of teachers in preparing lessons. 9. Inquiry learning Students conduct inquiry learning under the guidance of teachers.
The teacher discusses the research topic to the author, teachers and students. After that, students will also make the research results into courseware and edit the portfolio. Such as: appreciation of pastoral poems.
This kind of study fully mobilized students' enthusiasm for learning and made them have a deeper understanding of poets and poems. And also mastered a learning method.
10. Chinese Activity Week In order to meet the growing enthusiasm of students, the school specially arranged a Chinese Activity Week. During the Chinese activity week, the teachers of the Chinese language group will organize the activities mentioned above in addition to regular activities of ancient poetry.
165438+ conducted a game-based research study integrating Chinese, geography, art, history, computer and other disciplines, from topic selection-data collection-discussion and exchange-work compilation-achievement display.
We visited ancient poems according to the tourist route; Du Fu and Li Yu are studied in combination with history. Make folding fans, palace lanterns, screens, etc. Combine with art; Combine computer to make courseware and web pages. The editor showed two collections, Du Fu in My Eyes and Li Yu.
We also closely combined with the teaching of Ten Articles of the Analects of Confucius, and carried out the study of the Analects of Confucius with the participation of all grade students, from visiting to collecting materials, to class meeting to grade display, to the New Year's Eve party tour, to the compilation of the collection of "Walking into the Analects of Confucius" and to the small movie of this activity.
How to guide students to read ancient poems is the most important thing to cultivate students' interest, and students will naturally learn independently if they are interested.
Try to make students like ancient poetry. You can introduce some good and excellent ancient poems or some ancient scholars with high achievements to students.
Let students have a kind of worship psychology, which should help students learn ancient poetry. First, create a situation to cultivate students' love for ancient poetry.
First, create a scene in the school environment. Every morning, students can be organized to read ancient poems in the morning reading time to make the books on campus sound loud; When students are active in the school playground, the beautiful scenery in Tang poetry depicted on the surrounding walls can cultivate their sentiment; In the corridor 62616964757a68696416fe58685e5aeb9313332636266 of the teaching building, beautiful poems and pictures are made with hangers; Pictures displayed in the window, or poems and songs written by vigorous, tall and straight, soft and natural teachers and students, can also be influenced and infected by beauty.
Under the influence of the school environment, each class can also create a beautiful environment and create a poetic atmosphere. You can use the blackboard newspaper to publicize and build a platform for students to fully display themselves.
Computer painting, colorful watercolors, or fresh poems created by teachers and students can show everyone's elegance. Hang a Chinese knot made by yourself on the wall, and write a poem next to it: inextricably linked, interdependent, a China heart will never move.
There are pots of flowers carefully raised by them on the windowsill, and their unique inspiration is stuck on the flowerpot: I am a seedling, you must take good care of it. The sun shines on it, the rain moistens it, the breeze blows it, and one day I will make it bloom.
It is inspired by this that Yu Tong wrote in his weekly diary: Every leaf has green hope, please give me sunshine; Every flower has the right to open, please give me time; Every child has a desire to succeed, please give me a chance. These immature poems, like Xiao He's sharp corners, give them confidence and enhance students' innovative consciousness.
Second, in the classroom teaching, deepen the reading activities of ancient poems. In the teaching of ancient poetry, we should pay attention to the practice of combining reading with writing.
Cultivating students' innovative spirit with the excellent traditional culture of the motherland. Poetry is a literary style, which focuses on expressing feelings and wishes.
Thought, emotion and feeling are the basis of poetry. Therefore, when instructing students to read aloud, students should understand the connotation of poetry, understand the poet's thoughts and feelings, and pay attention to the rhythm and rhythm of poetry.
When guiding students to read aloud, we should also be good at creating situations and atmosphere for students. For example, give it a beautiful tune, show it a beautiful picture, or add an impassioned lead and so on. Combine poetry and painting to stimulate students' interest in reading.
Trying to make students learn to write poetry can not only make students practice and practice, but also make students speak, do and think in class, learn through imitation, observation and experience, learn through interaction and learn through activities. It also really allows students to participate in the whole process, the whole process and the whole effect, and builds a platform for them to fully show themselves. There are two lines in the poem "Homesickness" written by Li Yamei: I only hate the unparalleled wings under my ribs, and I can't return to my hometown in the starry night. In the poem, Wan Jun chanted: The wind is rustling, Wu Ye is dancing, but my mind is listless, and my whole body is so weak.
After Yang Ming's grandmother died, he wrote a poem to commemorate her: Grandma, let me hold your hand again, grandma, let me say I love you again. I'm going to walk up to you gently so that I can study you carefully.
I miss your sincere entrustment and long-term concern! You are my heartache. I pinned Xiao Yangming's deep thoughts and nostalgia for my grandmother.
Every child is a rich treasure, but sometimes it is not easy to find. As long as children are given a chance, they will bring us one surprise after another and return us one miracle after another! The highly concise ancient Chinese can enrich students' imagination and creativity. In the teaching of ancient poetry, we should also take various forms to stimulate students' innovative spirit.
For example, after learning For Learning, let students try to write a reply to Mr. Peng Duanshu, and talk about your experience after learning, or the enlightenment and education you get from it. After learning the book Wolf, students can arrange a textbook drama, collect idioms, proverbs and stories about wolves at home and abroad after class, and start a debate about killing and protecting wolves.
After learning five poems, I called on my classmates to show the beautiful scenes depicted in the poems in the form of pictures. Let them feel the language charm of ancient poetry, nature and life in Li Bai's elegance, Du Fu's depression, Meng Haoran's elegance, Li Qingzhao's alertness and freshness, and Xin Qiji's freshness.
So as to cultivate their thoughts and feelings of loving nature and life.
5. How to divide the reading rhythm of classical Chinese? The division of sentence rhythm in classical Chinese: First, there should be a pause after the auxiliary word (also called the first word) and the related word.
Second, ancient times were two monosyllabic words, and modern Chinese is a disyllabic word, so we should read it separately. Third, pause in word order, that is, pause according to "subject-predicate object", "adverbial predicate" and "verb complement", that is, pause between subject and predicate, verb and complement (generally not pause between attribute and head word) to make the meaning obvious.
Fourth, adverbial nouns and headwords should be read together, that is, when nouns are adverbials, they usually pause before words, and adverbials and headwords cannot be read separately. If you read it separately, you will mistake the adverbial for the subject and change the meaning of the sentence.
There should be a pause after the word "and". However, if the word "er" plays a later role in a sentence, it can't stop, that is, the word "er" can't be read separately from the following words, but should be read continuously.
1. If "er" is connected with an adjective (or adverb) and a verb in a sentence, that is, "adjective (adverb)+er+verb", then the preceding adjective or adverb acts as an adverbial to modify the following verb and cannot be read separately. 2. If "he" is connected with two verbs in a sentence, that is, "verb+and+verb", then "he" means sequential connection, that is, the previous action occurs and the latter action occurs immediately. At this time, "he" can't stop, but should be continuous with the latter verb.
3. "Er" connects two words with the same part of speech (that is, two nouns, two verbs and two adjectives), indicating a coordinate relationship, which is equivalent to "He", "You", "He" or not translated. There should be no pause after "er" at this time. 4. The word "He" indicates transitive relationship, which is equivalent to "He", "Yu", "Gang" or no translation.
Sixth, the rhythm pause should reflect the original appearance of the sentence structure. Seven, the rhythm pause should reflect the ellipsis.
Eight, to understand the ancient country name, year number, official position, title, historical facts and place names, otherwise it will easily lead to reading pause errors. Nine, "ye" is used in sentences to indicate a pause, and then pause when reading aloud.
If you are an auxiliary word at the end of a sentence, don't stop. Ten, pause reflects the jurisdiction of keywords.
Eleven, four words, five words, six words, seven words, etc. With neat sentence patterns, you can read with the same pause when reading aloud, so that the tone and intonation can be connected in one breath. There are three rules to divide the rhythm of classical Chinese sentences: 1. Determine the reading rhythm (subject, predicate and object) according to the grammatical structure of classical Chinese sentences.
Second, determine the reading rhythm according to function words or summary words such as head words, modal particles and related words. Third, the inversion of the sentence should be suspended.
It is also important to understand the meaning of the text correctly, because it is the premise to determine the pause rhythm of classical Chinese. While summing up experience, lay a solid foundation of classical Chinese and let yourself have a good sense of classical Chinese.
At this time/I want to describe it in the next language/I can't translate: at this time, I want to describe the current situation in one word, but I can't think of it. I like to entertain guests, my salary is meager, and I often break even.
These sentences are divided into pauses according to the third law of rhythm: pauses according to the language order, that is, pauses according to "subject-predicate-object", "adverbial predicate" and "verb-complement" to make the meaning obvious; The sixth law of harmony: rhythm pause should reflect the original appearance of sentence structure. When I was young, I liked reading.
B. The sentence should be changed to: Mu Yi/The Way of Sages Translation: After I became an adult at the age of 20, I respected the theory of ancient sages even more. C.there is nothing fresh fat to enjoy.
D. Ye Ran/Ruo Ren Shen translation: radiant, like Ren Shen. The pause of these sentences is based on the tenth rule of the above rhythm division: pause should reflect the jurisdiction of keywords.
Here item A highlights "when you are young", so it is right to pause after "when you are young"; Item B emphasizes "Mu Yi", so it is right to pause after "Mu Yi". Moreover, "the way of sages" is a complete phrase that cannot be separated, so this item is wrong; Item c emphasizes that there is no fresh and delicious meat and vegetables, and it is right to pause after "no"; Item D is wonderful, so it is right to pause after "Ye Ran".
6. The pause method of classical Chinese should be original. First, there should be a pause after the auxiliary words and related words at the beginning of the sentence. In classical Chinese, some function words should be placed at the beginning of a sentence to emphasize the mood or guide the whole sentence or even the whole paragraph, such as "zhi", "fu", "ruo fu", "Gai", "so" and "Wei". Stop reading for a while and don't use the following words. Therefore, the sky will be a great task/a human being. ② Yes/World War I.. Third, pause in linguistic order, that is, pause according to "subject-predicate-object", "predication" and "verb-complement", that is, pause between subject and predicate, pause between verb and complement. In order to make the meaning obvious, such as: ① ancient emperors/ministers were mean; (2) eternal people/struggle/escape; Fourth, adverbial nouns and headwords should be read continuously. If read separately, the adverbial will be mistaken for the subject, thus changing the meaning of the sentence. A dog/sitting in the front. A dog/sitting in the front. The original sentence is a subject-predicate structure, such as "looking at the sun/looking at the city", which gives us another understanding. ) 2 look at the horse's head/can also. Six, the rhythm pause should reflect the omitted elements, such as: ① one drum/gas generation, then/down, and three/exhaust. Seventh, the ancient country name, year number, official position and title. Wang xing Shuyuan, "Fu", was a good name for men in ancient times. ) 8. "Ye" is used in sentences to indicate a pause, and then pause when reading aloud. For example, I've been listening for a long time.
7. The division method of sentence rhythm in classical Chinese: 1. There should be a pause after the auxiliary word (also called the first word of the sentence) and the related word; 2. There were two monosyllabic words in ancient times and one disyllabic word in modern Chinese, which should be read separately; 3. Pause in linguistic order, that is, pause according to "subject-predicate object" and "adverbial predicate". The pause between subject and predicate, verb and complement (there is generally no pause between attribute and head word) makes the meaning obvious. Fourth, read adverbial nouns and headwords continuously, that is, when nouns are adverbials, they usually stop before words, and adverbials and headwords cannot be read separately. If you read it separately, you will mistake the adverbial for the subject and change the meaning of the sentence. Then you can't stop, that is to say, the word "er" can't be read separately from the following words, but you should read it continuously. 1. If "er" is connected with an adjective (or adverb) and a verb in a sentence, that is, "adjective (adverb)+and+verb", then the preceding adjective or adverb acts as an adverbial to modify the following verb and cannot be read separately. Then "er" means sequential connection, that is, the previous action occurs and the latter action occurs immediately. At this time, "er" can't stop, and it should be continuous with the verbs behind it. 3. "Er" connects two words with the same part of speech (that is, two nouns, two verbs and two adjectives), indicating a coordinate relationship, which is equivalent to "He", "You" and "He". It is equivalent to "in addition", "and", "JIU" or no translation. Sixth, the rhythm pause should reflect the original appearance of sentence structure. Seventh, the rhythm pause should reflect the ellipsis. Eighth, we should know the ancient country name, year number, official position, title, historical facts and place names, otherwise it will easily lead to reading pause errors. Ninth, "Ye" is used to indicate pause in a sentence. Pause after reading aloud. If you are an auxiliary at the end of a sentence, don't stop. 10. Pause should reflect the jurisdiction of keywords. 1 1. Four words, five words, six words, seven words and so on. You can read with the same pause when reading in neat sentence patterns. Make the tone convey in one breath. There are three rules to divide the rhythm of classical Chinese sentences: one is to determine the reading rhythm (subject, predicate and object) according to the grammatical structure of classical Chinese sentences; Second, determine the reading rhythm according to function words or summary words such as head words, modal particles and related words; Third, there is a pause when the sentence is inverted. It is also important to understand the meaning correctly, because it determines the pause rhythm of classical Chinese.