Both Catholicism and Christianity have established a large number of educational institutions in China, from kindergartens to universities. Some famous universities in China originated from missionary schools. Famous Protestant middle schools include Yantai Middle School in the early stage, Peizheng Middle School and Peidao Middle School in the later stage (before the 123 Incident), and universities include yenching university, Lingnan University, Shanghai St. John's University, Xiangya Medical College and Huazhong University. The Catholic part includes Sinian University, Fu Jen Catholic University and Providence University. These schools have trained a large number of intellectuals who absorbed western education for China.
Christian schools in China include kindergartens, primary schools, middle schools, universities, various weak institutions and homes for the elderly (such as colleges for the blind and deaf, nursing homes and orphanages). ) and so on. According to the statistics in 26 years of the Republic of China, there are 100 male middle schools, 95 female middle schools and 54 coeducational middle schools in China. There are 259 middle schools with about 50,000 students. There are 13 universities, including Jinan University, Fujian Christian University in Fuzhou, Jinling Women's College in Nanjing, St. John's University in Shanghai, Hujiang University, Soochow University in Suzhou, Huaxi Union University in Chengdu, Wenjiang College of Arts and Sciences in Hangzhou, Huazhong University in Wuchang, Hua Men's and Women's College in Fuzhou, Lingdong University in Guangdong, Jinling University in Nanjing and yenching university in Beijing. (According to the statistics in 26 years of the Republic of China, the above-mentioned 13 universities have a total of 6423 students. As for the primary schools run by the church, according to the statistics of the Republic of China 1 1 year (1922), there were 956 senior primary schools with 32,899 students. There are 5,637 primary schools with 15 1 582 students. As for the publishing industry, in the twenty-five years of the Republic of China (1936), there were 21species in chinese magazine and 27 kinds of English magazines, totaling 238 kinds. In 24 years of the Republic of China, 4,000 kinds of Christian books were published, printed by 69 Christian printing houses, and there were 130 church bookstores specializing in selling Christian books.
medical treatment
In addition to providing free medical care and medicines to the poor, the doctors of the mission have also set up hospitals or clinics in various mission bases, many of which are well-trained doctors of the mission. As early as 1838 (18th year of Daoguang), China Christian Medical Association established the China Medical Missionary Society. The association is composed of a group of teachers who publicize to the outside world. Its main purpose is to provide free clinics, and has successively funded hospitals in Australia, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Ningbo and Xiamen. The Association also publishes China medical books and sponsors the education of medical staff.
Another large-scale medical association, the Chinese Medical Missionary Society, held its first meeting in 1809 (16th year of Guangxu) and its second meeting in Shanghai in 1905 (31st year of Guangxu). It is a national organization composed of Christian doctors. Since then, the association has been established in 1907 (the thirty-third year of Guangxu), 19 10 (the second year of Xuantong),19/3 (the second year of the Republic of China) and19/kloc. The association publishes regular medical journals and several medical series, the most important of which is a bilingual medical dictionary.
19 15 (in the fourth year of the Republic of China), China medical students who returned from Europe and America established the Chinese Medical Association in Shanghai. The following year (19 16), the association met with the China Medical Missionaries Association in Guangzhou and decided to assist the Chinese YMCA to set up a national joint committee on public health. During this period, the association has made great contributions to the prevention and treatment of various epidemics (such as smallpox, plague, cholera, tuberculosis, etc.). ).
In order to expand the national medical work, the Chinese Medical Missionary Society founded by the church automatically requested to merge with the Chinese Medical Association in 1925 (Republic of China 14). Chinese Medical Association, formerly known as "Republic of China Medical Association", moved to Shanghai in 1927 (Republic of China 16) and changed its name to "General Association of Chinese Medical Association", and set up branches all over the country.
Improve the social atmosphere
Christianity has set up various organizations in China to help local people, in order to get rid of superstitions, quit smoking and gambling, and guide prostitutes to be chaste. Important organizations are the following groups:
(1) Universal Reform Society Branch: Founded in 1808 (thirty-four years of Guangxu), Yihua Ding was the first director to persuade people to give up drinking, smoking and gambling. The association advocates the prohibition of opium. At first, the association's funds depended on the supply of the American General Association. When the European War broke out, it was renamed "China International Reform Association" and declared economic independence.
(2) National Anti-drug Association of China: established in August 1924 (Republic of China 13), with its headquarters in Shanghai, publishing a monthly anti-drug magazine. The association is jointly sponsored by the All-China Christian Association, the YMCA and the Chinese Medical Association. The association has held speeches in various places and released anti-drug pictures. After the July 7th Incident, the work of the Association came to a standstill due to the war.
(3) China Women's Abstinence Association: Founded in 1907 (Guangxu thirty-three years), headquartered in Shanghai, with the help of "World Abstinence Association Branch". The first president was Ms. Fan from Shanghai Presbyterian Church, who was succeeded by Dr. Shi Meiyu from Jiujiang American-Israeli Association. The meeting made great progress. The main purpose of the association is also to oppose alcohol, tobacco and prostitution and fight for women's rights and interests. On the other hand, the World Prohibition Association continued to work in China, and in 1909 (Xuantongyuan year), Mrs. Fumio Mucci, a female pastor of the Beijing Council of the United States, served as the director. He gave speeches everywhere, organized branches and set up 47 branches. In China, the Association established a "Women's Family Affairs Mediation School" in Jiangwan. After the August 13th Incident, she moved to Shanghai Concession and changed her name to "New Women's Vocational Middle School".
(4) Moral Society: 19 18 (in the seventh year of the Republic of China), Shanghai Christian Clerics Association, Christian Women's Prohibition Association and other organizations 17 formed the "Custom Improvement Society", and 1920 (in the ninth year of the Republic of China) was renamed as "Moral Society". The association has set up a "women's reformatory" to take in prostitutes soliciting customers along the street and teach them livelihood skills. "Women's reformatory" has various skills training courses. The association also suggested that the government reduce the number of brothels year by year by 20% according to the lottery, and advocated strictly banning unlicensed prostitutes. The association publishes Jinde newspaper and promotes sex education and health in schools.