History test questions
20 1 1.5
First, multiple-choice questions: This big question has 20 small questions, each with 3 points and * * 60 points. Of the four options listed in each question, only one is the most appropriate.
1. The king of Qin considered himself "respected in Huang San and made contributions to the Five Emperors" and took "Emperor" as his honorific title. His real intention is
A. flaunt one's own advantages B. pursue institutional innovation C. show uniqueness D. emphasize the authority of the monarch
2. "Strict examinations were implemented in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and strict laws were implemented in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. No matter how to try poetry, strategy and eight-part essay, talents come forth in large numbers; Although the subjects tested are outdated, the system is as bright as the sun and the moon. " This reflects
① The imperial examination system in Ming and Qing Dynasties was out of touch with the actual needs; ② The imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty was based on family status.
(3) The imperial examination system decides whether to hire or not according to the examination results. (4) The imperial examination system is a fair selection method.
A.①③ B.③④ C.①③④ D.①②③
3. Southern Song Dynasty Zhu said: "Three cardinal guides and five permanent members, righteousness and etiquette, three generations of inheritance, can not be changed." His idea
A. the main purpose is to maintain the harmonious development of society. B. it embodies the feudal ethics.
C. Adapted to the establishment of feudal autocracy D. Reflected the critical inheritance of Confucianism.
4. Qian Yong, a man of A Qing Dynasty, thought in "Talking in the Garden": "Where you buy an industry, you should focus on land, followed by cities, shops and shops". The social background related to this understanding is
A. At that time, the domestic commodity economy was prosperous. B. the feudal land rent borne by farmers is heavy.
C. the government advocates attaching importance to agriculture and restraining business D. the country pursues the policy of sea ban and closes its doors to the outside world.
5. The picture on the right shows/kloc-0 at the end of August and the beginning of 2009 in Guangzhou: the national flags of the United States and Britain are flying in the wind in the square in front of the commercial hall; At the top right of the picture is a Kannonji and a five-story zhenhai tower. This can be seen
China's coastal areas have begun to open to the outside world.
② There are buildings with traditional religious style in China near the office.
③ Guangzhou began to be semi-colonial and semi-feudal.
(4) Many countries have permanent business offices in thirteen banks.
A.①② B.②③ C.③④ D.②④
6. 1845, Liu liangju, an imperial envoy, said, "the price of silver is not higher than today. Every two easy coins in Beijing are 2000, and every two easy coins in other provinces are 22300." Moreover, "its trend is increasing day by day and never ends." "Its potential is increasing day by day" is mainly due to
A. China is gradually integrating into the capitalist world market. B. China's silver began to flow out.
C. China is about to enter a semi-colonial society D. China's natural economy is facing the crisis of disintegration
7.65438+In the 1970s, the British-sponsored North China News once commented that "for China officials, the railway means rampage, the abolition of long-cherished habits and traditions, and riots and destruction". This shows that
A: There were no railways in China at that time. Some officials hope to get rich by building railways.
C at that time, some government officials opposed the construction of the railway. It has become a social consciousness to realize freedom and prosperity by building railways.
8. After the Revolution of 1911, China "has the name of the Republic of China, but not the reality of the Republic of China". This shows that before the Revolution of 1911 to the May Fourth Movement, the focus of China's domestic political struggle was
A. the struggle between revolution and reform B. the struggle between reformism and feudalism
C. the struggle between the bourgeoisie and the masses of the people D. the struggle against democracy and autocracy
9. 1 92365438+February1,Chen Duxiu wrote in "Forward" magazine that "the social class in colonial and semi-colonial countries is naive, but the strength of the bourgeoisie is more concentrated than that of farmers and stronger than that of workers". This understanding
A. this has become the political basis for cooperation between the two parties. B. promoted the establishment of the revolutionary united front.
C expounded the correct direction of China Revolution, D scientifically analyzed the characteristics of various classes in China society.
10. Observing the following two pictures, we can get the following information.
During the Anti-Japanese War, the Hui detachment practiced assassination and studied at Yan 'an University for Nationalities.
A. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression has become the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression of the whole nation. B. Ethnic contradictions in China have completely disappeared.
C. the frontal battlefield failed to stop the Japanese from making a quick decision. The anti-Japanese base area behind enemy lines is the main battlefield of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
1 1. 1956 When commemorating the 90th anniversary of Sun Yat-sen's birth, Mao Zedong said, "We have completed the democratic revolution that Sun Yat-sen did not complete". This refers to
A. Completed the historical task of anti-imperialism and feudalism. B. the state power of the people's democratic dictatorship has been established.
C. farmers' desire to get land for free has come true. D. bureaucratic capital was confiscated and public ownership was established.
12. "Those who hoped to accept the great people of China through the back door failed, and China chose to come in through the front door when demanding to restore its legitimate seat in the United Nations".
A the new China will play an increasingly important role in international affairs.
B the new China foiled the American plot to create "two China".
It has achieved a situation in which big countries and small countries negotiate international affairs on an equal footing.
D. Establish a new regional organization with the aim of mutual trust and mutual benefit.
13. Western scholars believe that the 6th century BC to the 3rd century BC was the "axis era" of human civilization, and "human consciousness" was awakened for the first time. It is accurate to understand this.
A. before this, human beings lacked understanding of nature. Both East and West began to study human beings and human society.
C. China promoted the development of thought in a unified way. D. Socrates particularly emphasized the value and role of human beings.
14. A navigator accepted Ptolemy's research and thought that the circumference of the earth was 18000 Greek miles (1 Rio, Greece is 0. 1575 kilometers), but in fact the circumference of the earth should reach 40030 kilometers. He believes Kyle, too? Poirot overestimated the diameter of Asia. This result directly led to
Assistant district attorney? Gamma arrived in Asia, and B. Diaz arrived at the Cape of Good Hope.
C. Columbus discovered America D. Magellan completed his voyage around the world.
15. In the History of Early Colonial Aggression, Ai Zhou Chang wrote: "Africa is bleeding everywhere ... The villages where people used to live are now in ruins. Where have all the people who planted trees and cultivated land gone? " These people left their homes because
A. African countries are generally backward and go out to work. European colonists engaged in the evil slave trade.
C. Indians are dead, and the labor force in the United States is insufficient. The industrial revolution needs more free labor.
16. There is a national song: "May she protect the law, make the people return together, sing with one heart and bless the queen". The national anthem reflects
A. The monarch of this country has legislative power. B.there are serious feudal remnants in this country.
C. This country has a constitutional monarchy. D. People in this country don't want to realize democracy, * * * and
17. Acid rain is a mixture of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and water vapor in clouds, which is seriously destroying forests, lakes and cultivated land in northern Europe, eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. The phenomenon mentioned in A General History of the World —— The world after1500 began in
A. After the first industrial revolution
C. After the emergence of the "new economy" D. After the second industrial revolution
18. "This is the answer of the United States to the wave of expansion of capitalist tyrants" and "to explain to the world the position of the United States in the face of this new totalitarian challenge". The person who is most likely to make this "answer" is
A. Roosevelt Churchill Truman Nixon
19. The information obtained from the World Development Report 2002 of the World Bank does not include
Major countries
Per capita GDP (including world total) Income from trade in goods and services
numerical value
(Billion dollars) As a part of the world
Percentage at exchange rate
Purchasing power parity (USD).
Exports (USD)
Import value (USD)
(Billion dollars)
World 313369100.005150 7350 77300 77200
Usa 98828 31.54 34260 342601050014220.
Japan 4677114.9334210 26460 5280 4580
China10800 3.45 840 3940 2790 2510
A. the economic advantage of the United States is still very obvious. B. the world economy is divided into three pillars: the United States, Japan and China.
C. Japan has become a world economic power after the United States. D. Compared with the United States and Japan, China still lags far behind.
20. The picture on the right shows Cezanne's masterpiece Cherry and Peach. In the strong color contrast between black and white, cold and warm, the painter shows the indifference, dignity and rigidity of the painted object. The following works are similar to this one in artistic style.
A.miller is the sower.
B. delacroix's freedom to guide people
C. Picasso's guernica
D. van Gogh's sunflower
2. Non-multiple-choice questions: This big question has a total of ***5 questions, with a full score of 60, including two parts: mandatory questions and multiple-choice questions. Among them, 2 1-24 questions are required, and every candidate must answer them. Question 25 is a multiple-choice question, including four small questions: A, B, C and D. Please choose two of them and answer them in the corresponding answer area. If you do more, score according to the first two questions you answered.
2 1.( 1 1)
Material 1 Professor Zhang Chuanxi of Peking University believes that the formation of the unified centralization in China history was determined by the national conditions and people's feelings at that time, and its positive role was the main one. Among the four ancient civilizations, only Chinese civilization comes down in one continuous line, which also proves that the political road of centralized country chosen by our ancestors more than two thousand years ago is correct.
Material 2 Solon stipulated that the official position of the country was first pre-selected by the tribes, and then the election was decided by drawing lots from these candidates. ..... Solon set up a parliament of 400 people. Each tribe has 100 people, but he still entrusts the responsibility of defending the law to the Aleopagus parliament (aristocratic parliament). This parliament is still the supervisor of the constitution, supervising the most important state affairs.
-Aristotle's Athens political system
Material 3 Some clauses in a country's constitution:
Article 15 the chairman of the federal parliament and the leadership of its affairs belong to the imperial prime minister appointed by the emperor ...
Article 17 The emperor has the right to propose and promulgate imperial laws and supervise their implementation. ...
Article 18 The emperor appointed officials, ordered them to swear allegiance to the empire, and ordered them to resign when necessary. ...
Please answer:
(1) Summarize Zhang Chuanxi's point of view according to the material 1 (1), and expound the basis of this point of view in combination with what he has learned. (3 points)
(2) According to Material 2, it points out Solon's measures to adjust political institutions. (2) From the materials, we can see what principles Solon tried to follow in the reform. ( 1)
(3) According to the third document, explain the country's political system and its characteristics. (2 points)
(4) Combine the above materials and talk about your understanding of the above different political systems. (2 points)
22.( 10)
Materials 1 ... The land that has been stopped by the commune for a long time and the land that has been used by the commune for half a year, the grassland, commune pasture and grazing land used by the commune have been intertwined since August of 1 year, which has caused inconvenience to all people. However, it will be of great benefit to all landowners and all other stakeholders if they divide their due lots according to their different rights, shares and interests in the land. Although this division, lot division and enclosure will benefit all parties concerned, it must be implemented with the assistance of Congress.
-Selected Works of World General History (Modern Part) edited by Jiang Xiangze.
Material 2 According to the statistics of 1832, there are 9 1. 10000 agricultural households in China (accounting for less than 30% of the total number of households in China), of which 144000 are farmers and 686000 are agricultural workers, accounting for 86.40/0 of the total number of farmers. These families no longer belong to the category of farmers. There are more than 654.38+million farmers who only own or use 50 mu of land, accounting for 10% of the total agricultural households and 3% of the national households.
-Clapan's modern British economic history.
Material 3 From the second half of the18th century to the first half of the19th century, all wars in Europe have been plagued, which really brought a heavy burden to Britain. However, its investment in human resources has been relatively small, and it has always maintained the dominant position in the ocean. It is the latter advantage that enables Britain to trade freely with any part of the world-import all kinds of raw materials necessary for emerging industries and export all kinds of products they manufacture-and thus gain wealth.
Charles? The fourth volume of the History of Technology edited by Singer and others.
Please answer:
(1) What happened in Britain at that time? (1) points out the way of this event, and (1) analyzes the direct historical background of this event in combination with the knowledge learned. (2 points)
(2) What does the data in Material 2 show? (1) What does this have to do with the events reflected in the material 1? (2 points)
(3) What are the advantages of Britain in Material 3? (1) Some people say that the seeds of the British industrial revolution have been hidden for many years, which is not an accidental event, but a natural result of the joint action of several factors. Combine the above materials to illustrate this point of view. (2 points)
23.(9 points)
When Roosevelt's New Deal was implemented, some people attacked the New Deal as "fascism" and said that they saw the growth of a dictator. Some people think that the New Deal is "latent socialism" and that Roosevelt is skinning the rich and eating and baking "millionaires". Please answer:
(1) From which angle does the first viewpoint evaluate Roosevelt's New Deal? Analyze the mistakes of this view in combination with what you have learned. (3 points)
(2) Combined with the content of the New Deal, explain why there was a second view at that time. (2 points)
(3) Some scholars pointed out that Roosevelt's New Deal caused a profound change or the rebirth of capitalism. Try to explain the new changes of capitalism from World War II to 1970s. (4 points)
24.( 10)
Material 1 Our principle of reforming China is the Three People's Principles. The spirit of the Three People's Principles is to build an extremely peaceful, free and equal country, not only politically but also socially. Only in this way can we avoid all kinds of class conflicts and class competition.
-A conversation between Sun Yat-sen and Dai during 19 19.
The new democratic economy we advocate is also in line with Mr. Sun's principles. On the land issue, Mr. Sun advocated that "land to the tiller". ..... According to the principles of Mr. Sun and the experience of China Revolution, at present, China's economy must be composed of state management, private management and cooperative management. The so-called country governed by this country must be a new democratic country led by the proletariat and owned by the people.
-Mao Zedong's "On Coalition Government"
Material 3 The essence of socialism is to liberate and develop productive forces, eliminate exploitation and polarization, and finally achieve prosperity with * * *. ..... If socialism wants to win the advantages compared with capitalism, it must boldly absorb and draw lessons from all the achievements of civilization created by human society, and all the advanced management modes and methods in the world, including developed capitalist countries, that reflect the laws of modern production.
-"Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" Volume III
Please answer:
(1) Summarize Sun Yat-sen's main viewpoints according to the material 1, and (2 points) point out his ideological characteristics about the China revolution. (2 points)
(2) Summarize the economic proposition put forward in Material 2. (2 points) What is the relationship between On the Coalition Government and the new Three People's Principles in Material 2? ( 1)
(3) Compared with Material 1 and Material 2, Material 3 has made new changes in the idea of developing economy, but the purpose of developing economy remains unchanged. Refers to its change, and (1 min) analyzes its unchanging purpose. (2 points)
25. Choose the question. This question includes four small questions: A, B, C and D. Please choose two of them and answer them in the corresponding answer area. If you do more, score according to the first two questions you answered.
A. Review of major reforms in history (10 score)
Material 1: 1862, Nobuyuki Takayama arrived in Shanghai and witnessed the tragic situation of China becoming a semi-colony. He believes that "China people have no sovereignty over Shanghai, and Europeans and Americans are the de facto rulers." He pointed out that the reason why China is weak is that it doesn't know how to protect itself from being lost in the open sea. The evidence is that he didn't build a warship that could break the waves in Wan Li, nor did he build a cannon that could defend the enemy dozens of miles away. The Atlas of the Sea translated by the local people in that country is also out of print, advocating vanity theory. If you persist, you will waste your time, ... so it will drop. "
-History of Meiji Restoration edited by Yi Wencheng and Ma Jiajun.
Material 2 Chinese people are full of xenophobia and are not suitable for today's world ... before, everything could not progress because of xenophobia and arrogance. Today, if you want emergency development, you must be open-minded ... Look at Japan, which has more land than China and more people than China. More than forty years ago, it was also the smallest, poorest and weakest country. Since the Meiji Restoration, it has been called a big country. ..... How did he do it? It's just open.
-1965438+In September 2002, Sun Yat-sen gave a speech at the welcome meeting of various organizations in Jinan.
Material 3 (Meiji Restoration in Japan) The British model is naturally used as a model for railways, telecommunications, public buildings and municipal engineering, textiles and many commercial methods; Reforming the legal system and the army with the French model (later adopting the Prussian model), the navy certainly learned from Britain; Universities should thank the examples of Germany and the United States; Primary education, agricultural innovation and postal services are all attributed to the United States.
Eric? Hobsbawm's Capital Age
Please answer:
(1) According to the material 1, what kind of understanding did Gao Shanxin get from his trip to Shanghai? (2 points) At the same time, he also analyzed the reasons for China's weakness. What do you think of this analysis? (3 points)
(2) What does Sun Yat-sen think is the reason for China's backwardness and the successful experience of Meiji Restoration? (2 points)
(3) According to material 3, combined with material 1 and material 2, what inspiration does the successful experience of Meiji Restoration give us? (3 points)
B Comments on Chinese and foreign historical figures (10)
Material 1 A regime (government) is ruled by one person, and anything that can take care of the interests of the people of the whole country is usually called "monarchy" (monarchy). Any regime ruled by a few people, although more than one person is not the majority, is called "aristocratic (virtuous) regime". ..... When the masses are rulers and can take care of the public welfare of the people in the whole state, people call it "* * * and political power". ..... The tyrant regime is ruled by one person, and all facilities are based on his personal interests; Oligopoly (minority) regime depends on the interests of wealthy families; The civilian regime depends on the interests of the poor. They didn't consider the interests of all citizens of the polis.
-Aristotle's politics
Material 2 "The Analects of Confucius" has "rule by virtue is like a star, living in its home and arching it ... how to kill them for politics? Children want to be good and people want to be good. "
Material 3 Aristotle said that today, any one of us admits that the law is the best ruler and the law can make the most appropriate judgment.
Please answer:
(1) According to the material 1, explain Aristotle's classification standard of "regime". (2 points)
(2) According to the second and third materials, the views of Confucius and Aristotle on state governance are summarized respectively. (2 points) and point out the position of their thoughts in the eastern and western societies. (2 points)
(3) According to what they have learned, what are their similarities in thought and education? (4 points)
C. Explore the mysteries of history (10 score)
Material 1 Gold Foil Unearthed in great zimbabwe ruins
Material 2 Randall, an archaeologist sent by the British Association? Mcwell, he carefully inspected the site and carried out a comprehensive and systematic excavation of the site. He solemnly declared that Greater Zimbabwe "undoubtedly belongs to Africa in every detail". He also pointed out: "Many people will lament the breakup of a relationship, but what is certain is that a calm and sober mind sees not a relationship, but a long-lost historical and cultural heritage, and a new chapter in history has been opened. The history of African blacks used to be a forgotten corner, a corner covered by a veil. However, this history is not undiscovered. Now, a corner of this veil has been unveiled. "
Please answer:
(1) What historical information does the material 1 reflect? (1) What other achievements has Greater Zimbabwe made? (3 points)
(2) What kind of views does Material 2 try to illustrate? (2 points)
(3) Analyze the root causes of the decline of Greater Zimbabwe according to the knowledge learned, and point out the lessons that should be learned from it. (4 points)
D. World Cultural Heritage Huige 10)
Material-The word "pyramid" is the name of the ancient Egyptian pyramid mausoleum in China. Because each side of the pyramid mausoleum is a triangle, which is similar to the Chinese character "gold", it is called "pyramid". The ancient Egyptians called this geometrically accurate form "sir", but its strict meaning is still unclear. The hieroglyphic qualifier represented by the word "Mr." is a triangular figure on the base, which means "rising place". In other words, the king met his father, the sun god, and then ascended to the sky.
-Liu, History of Ancient Egypt
Material 2: Why did the pharaohs of ancient Egypt build the mausoleum into the shape of a pyramid, that is, the "golden" shape of Chinese characters? Historians have different views on this. Some people think this is the result of the natural development of ancient Egyptian tombs. During the ancient kingdom, Egypt was powerful. In order to deify and elevate himself, Pharaoh deliberately built his tomb higher than Mastaba in the past. Others think it's inspired by piles of pyramid-shaped dunes in the desert. At that time, architects thought that this shape could resist the impact of sandstorms and protect the mausoleum. But more people think it has something to do with the religious worship in ancient kingdom. There is such a sentence in the inscription on the pyramid: "build him a ladder to heaven so that he can go to heaven from there." Some people suggested that the pyramid was built to send Pharaoh to heaven, because he was a representative sent by God to earth and would go to heaven after his death. The reason why the pyramids are built is to worship the sun god "La Shen", because the symbol of La Shen is sunlight, and the pyramids symbolize sunlight penetrating the sky.
-Lost Civilization: Egypt, Shu Tao and Ni Huaqiang
Please answer:
(1) What do you think of the ancient Egyptians building pyramids? (3 points) Analyze the reasons why the ancient Egyptians were able to build pyramids according to what they learned. (3 points)
(2) In Material 2, what do historians think of the reason why the ancient Egyptian pharaohs built the mausoleum into a pyramid shape? (4 points)
Reference answers and grading standards
First, multiple-choice questions:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
DCBCDACDBA
1 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
ABBCBCBCBD
2. Non-multiple choice questions:
2 1.( 1) Viewpoint: Centralization conforms to the ancient national conditions of China. (1) foundation: mainly based on farming economy; China has a vast territory; The need to consolidate and unify a multi-ethnic country. (3 points)
(2) Measures: draw lots from citizens to produce national public officials; Arrange a meeting for 400 people. (2 points) Principle: justice, fairness (or moderation). ( 1)
③ Regime: German constitutional monarchy. (1 min) Features: It retains a strong feudal residue (or answers the truth, but the constitutionalism is empty). ( 1)
(4) Understanding: Political civilization (or political system) has diversity (or pluralism); The political system must adapt to the national conditions. (2 points)
22.( 1) event: enclosure movement; (1) Method: It is promoted through the assistance of Congress (legislation). (1) Background: With the continuous expansion of the colony, the export of woolen goods has increased sharply, which has stimulated the demand for wool, and raising sheep in enclosure has made great profits. (2 points)
(2) Description: Agricultural capitalism has developed (or yeoman farmers have decreased rapidly). (1) Relationship: The enclosure movement forced farmers to leave the land, work in factories and farms, and become hired laborers. (2 points)
(3) Advantages: Britain has maritime advantages. (1) Description: Britain can carry out the industrial revolution because it has free labor, capital, market and other elements. (2 points, write one point to get 1 point)
23.( 1) Angle: comprehensively strengthen the state's intervention in economic and social life from the New Deal measures. (1) Analysis: The New Deal is to overcome the economic crisis and ease social contradictions, but the bourgeois democratic system in the United States has not changed. This is not a fascist totalitarian approach. (2 points)
(2) Reason: The New Deal measures are conducive to protecting the interests of ordinary people and infringing on the interests of the monopoly bourgeoisie to some extent. (Give points when answering specific protection measures) (2 points)
(3) Description: As far as the operating mechanism of capitalism is concerned, state monopoly capitalism is generally developed. In the 1970s, in the face of stagflation, countries such as the United States and Britain developed a "mixed economy". (2 points) In terms of social security, implement social welfare policies and gradually establish a "welfare state" system. (2 points)
24.( 1) Viewpoint: Transform China society with the Three People's Principles and strive to build a peaceful, free and equal society. (2 points) Features: Political revolution and social revolution are carried out simultaneously. (2 points)
(2) Proposition: Multiple economic forms coexist; Realize the equal development of society. (2 points) Relationship: On the Coalition government fully absorbed the ideological essence of Sun Yat-sen's New Three People's Principles. ( 1)
(3) Change: Socialist construction needs to boldly absorb and learn from the achievements of capitalist civilization. (1) Purpose: Pursuing social equality, developing productive forces and paying attention to people's livelihood. (2 points, write one point to get 1 point)
25.
A.( 1) Understanding: Only by opposing foreign aggression and striving for national independence can the country become rich and strong. (2 points) Analysis: He believes that China's weakness lies in its ruthlessness and its inability to resist foreign aggression. This analysis is not comprehensive. The reasons for China's weakness are not only military and ideological backwardness, but also political corruption and economic backwardness. (3 points)
(2) reason: exclusion, behind closed doors. (1) Experience: Open mind (or learn from advanced countries in Europe and America). ( 1)
(3) Enlightenment: Pay attention to the development of other countries; Pay attention to openness; Opening to the outside world should be multifaceted and should be combined with national conditions. (3 points, if meaningful, give points as appropriate, but this question does not exceed 3 points)
B.( 1) standard: number of people in power; Safeguard interest groups. (2 points)
(2) Confucius advocated governing the country by virtue; Aristotle advocated governing the country according to law. (2 points) Status: Confucianism represented by Confucius later became the ruling ideology of feudal society for a long time; Aristotle's thought laid the initial ideological foundation for the later formation of a western society ruled by law (if it has a profound impact on western civilization, it will also add points). (2 points)
(3) Thought: Everyone advocates the golden mean. (1 minute) education: all actively run schools; His educational thought had an important influence on later generations. Everyone pays attention to the cultivation of life goals. (65438 +0 points per point, ***3 points)
C.( 1) Information: Metallurgical technology is developed. (1) achievements: people know how to decorate and the handicraft industry is developed; Developed animal husbandry; In building technology, I have been able to use the principle of thermal expansion and contraction to build stones, and I know the architectural knowledge in geometry and mechanics, especially the seamless technology without mortar. (3 points)
(2) Viewpoint: The history of great Zimbabwe civilization was created by Africans themselves. (2 points)
(3) The root cause: the population is too inflated. (2 points) Lesson: If human beings want to survive better, they must take the road of sustainable development. (2 points)
D.( 1) Viewpoint: Pyramid embodies the wisdom and strength of the ancient Egyptian people, is the peak of ancient Egyptian architectural art, and also reflects the great achievements of ancient Egypt in astronomy and geometry. (3 points) Reason: The great development of slave economy provided the economic foundation. The kings of ancient Egypt combined religion with secular power, which provided a political basis for the country's autocratic rule, and the ancient tomb culture of ancient Egypt provided a cultural basis. (2 points)
(2) Viewpoint: Some people think that this is the result of the natural development of ancient Egypt and tombs, some people think that it is inspired by pyramid-shaped sand dunes in the desert, some people think that the pyramids are the result of the worship of ancient Egyptian pharaohs, and more people think that this is related to the religious worship of ancient kingdoms. (4 points)