1, pen
Is the writing brush, there is a legend that the writing brush was created by Meng Tian, the general of Qin Shihuang, but it is only a legend. In fact, the writing brush of the Warring States period was unearthed in Changsha, Hunan Province, folded with bamboo, hairless and with a pen cover. Some people say that pens appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the folding of writing brushes is generally made of bamboo tubes, and the nib is made of goat hair, and it is better to use yellow-haired wolves and rabbit spines.
2. Ink
Ink appeared very early, as "Calligraphy Village" said: In the Western Zhou Dynasty, Xingyi began to make ink, the characters were made of black soil without smoke, and the characters were made of black soil. The black soil mentioned here is probably a black mineral or mineral pigment. It is said that the black letters on Oracle Bone Inscriptions appeared earlier. Gu Mo is made of soot, and the soil unearthed from the Han tomb in Fenghuang Mountain in Jingzhou is granular. When you want to use it, put it on the concave inkstone pool, press a round stone on the ink particles, and add water to grind it carefully while writing.
3. Paper
Paper is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. Hemp paper has appeared in the cultural relics unearthed in the Western Han Dynasty, but it is very rough. Later, Cai Lun improved and perfected it. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun adopted a variety of raw materials and improvements, which greatly improved the quality and output of paper and gradually became popular. Ordinary people can also use paper, so Emperor Wu of Jin ordered the abolition of bamboo slips used since ancient times, pushing history to the era of comprehensive use of paper.
4. inkstone
Inkstone was called "the first in Four Treasures of the Study" by the ancients, because ink needs to be ground with water, and the stone punishment for making ink is inkstone, which has been used since the Western Han Dynasty. Yantai was unearthed in Fenghuang Han Tomb in Jingzhou, Hubei Province. There are four traditional inkstones in China, namely Duanyan inkstone, Sheyan inkstone, Yantao inkstone and Chengni inkstone. It was very famous in the Tang Dynasty. Li He once wrote a poem, describing the Duanyan stone as solid and fine, easy to write, beautiful in shape and exquisitely carved.
Second, what are the articles in the study?
In the ancient study, in addition to the four main stationery, pen, ink, paper and inkstone, there are some other supporting instruments, which are also an indispensable member of the stationery family. In the Ming Dynasty, Tu Long described more than 40 kinds of stationery in the "Stationery Collection". Usually, the common ones are:
1. Pen: Also known as inkstone, it is used to check the depth of ink or straighten out strokes, and is often made into a leaf shape.
2. Handrails: also known as secret cabinets, handrails and wrist pillows, are used to prevent ink from polluting the pads of hands and armpits when writing. Arched, mostly bamboo products.
3, poetry tube: after daily reciting and writing poetry, you can insert it. Most of them are made of bamboo, which means elegance.
4. Pen holder: also known as pen holder and pen holder, used for holding pens. It is often mountain-shaped, and the pen can be placed in the recess. There are also people and animals, or the old roots and branches of nature, which are particularly wonderful.
5. Pen container: Insert the pen into it when not in use. There are many materials, such as porcelain, jade, bamboo, wood and lacquer. It has a round or square shape, and it also has a plant shape or other shapes.
6. Wash the pen: Wash the remaining ink with a pen after use. Most of them are bowl-shaped, and there are also flowers and leaves or other shapes.
7. Ink bed: stop for a while when grinding ink, because the ground is wet and used for temporary ink storage.
8. Ink cartridge: used to store Mo Ding. Mostly paint boxes, away from humidity and moisture. The paint surface is often painted with gold patterns or inlaid screws.
9. paperweight: also known as book town, it is used to press paper or books to keep paper and writing flat. Usually made into various animal shapes.
10, water injection: water is injected into the inkstone surface for grinding, and most of them are made into round pots and square pots with mouths, and they are often made into animal models such as exorcism, toads and pheasants.
1 1, inkstone drops: also known as water drops and book drops, which store inkstone water for grinding ink.
12, inkstone box: also known as inkstone box, used for placing inkstones. It's best to choose purple, ebony, watercress and paint.
13. seal: used for calligraphy and painting works, such as famous seals and leisure seals. , mostly made of Shoushan stone, Qingtian stone, Chang fossil, etc. , and bronze, jade and ivory seals.
14, Yin He: Also known as inkpad and color printing pool, used to store inkpad. Mostly porcelain and jade, round and square, divided into two parts: cover and body.