I met two fund-raisers when I was studying in Canada, and that scene still lingers in my mind.
One day, in the street of Ottawa, I was stopped by two boys. They are teenagers, neatly dressed, and everyone wears a beautifully made and brightly colored paper hat that says "Raise money for partners with polio". One of them couldn't help but sit on the stool and shine my shoes. The other politely asked, "Miss, where are you from?" ? Do you like Ottawa? ""Miss, are there any children suffering from polio in your country? Who will pay for their medical expenses? "A series of questions freed me from the embarrassing situation for the first time in my life, a stranger who shined shoes in the eyes of others. We chat like friends. ...
A few months later, it was also on the street. There are several old people sitting at some intersections or stations. They had silver hair and wore all kinds of old-fashioned military uniforms, which were covered with badges and medals, large and small, and each of them held a big bunch of flowers in his hand. Narcissus, carnations, roses and nameless people are all white. Passers-by in a hurry stopped, threw money into the white wooden boxes around these old people, bowed slightly to them and took a flower from them. I looked at it for a while, and some people put in one or two yuan, some people put in a few hundred yuan, and some people took out checks and filled them in wooden boxes. Those veterans didn't care how much money they donated, and they kept thanking them in a low voice. A friend in the same trade told me that this is to commemorate the warriors who participated in World War II and raise money once a year to help disabled soldiers and martyrs' widows; The people who pledged were enthusiastic, orderly and solemn. In some places, people still queue patiently. I think this is because they all know that it is the bloodshed and sacrifice of these old people that has brought many things, including their freedom of belief.
I gave them the money twice just to say "thank you".
Expansion: Full-truth Simulated Test Questions in Putonghua Test
Read monosyllabic words first, 100 syllables, with a time limit of 3.5 minutes and a score of *** 10.
Take care of Liang Qiu's female brother. She loves Ash.
Xuanfeisui Zhuo Zhi Liang Qing La Cang Fen
Choose to move a little Juan Zou Tao Ma Ri
Miao Wei low publicity and astringent white micro-cattle
The king's attack on Tang Zheng's coat is a good stone.
I think it's a little weird and dumb.
Addiction can make you dizzy. This shadow group is called Sur.
Huai Hui Suo Yang Tou Zi Zun Ceng Huang Shun
Poor and talented drawer Weng is willing to collapse and refuses to thank him.
Under the rolling eyes, Xue Zuo broke Yao.
Second, read polysyllabic words, *** 100 syllables, with a time limit of 2.5 minutes ***20 minutes.
Friendship allows temper to be always curious, observing and guiding.
Combined with Hope Tongue Sports Fast Food Daily Thyroid
The atmosphere was warm, granddaughter model, Miss Curve.
Part of it looks like a mold, although the lantern is almost a lie.
Strong grammar of inferior sales software syndrome
The role roster eats empty bottles and vertical fairy tales
It's okay. As soon as possible into a stable finale, crystal clear.
Third, read the passage aloud, with a time limit of 4 minutes ***30 minutes.
When people are alive, the most important thing is to find a jungle that represents green life and human hope, and then choose a tall branch to stand there and watch life, digest pain, breed songs and enjoy the world!
This is really a chic attitude towards life and a cheerful emotional style.
Standing on the branches of history and smiling can relieve many troubles. There, you can find yourself from the ups and downs of life contained in all beings; The little pain in your situation may never occupy a place in comparison; You will gain the power to free your soul from unhappiness more easily, so that it will not turn gray.
People who stand higher can not only enjoy the dawn of hope earlier, but also discover the three-dimensional poems of life. Everyone's life is a word, a sentence or a punctuation in this poem. You may not be a beautiful word, an eye-catching sentence or an exclamation point, but you are still a syllable, a pause and an indispensable part of this three-dimensional poem of life. This is enough for you to give up the past, sprout your interest in cultivating new songs for mankind and bring more poems to the world.
The most terrible outlook on life is to regard the multidimensional survival picture as a plane. Because what is carved on that plane is mostly solidified history-the remains of the past; However, the living are full of new wisdom.
Four, speech (choose a topic), must speak for 3 minutes, ***40 points.
1. My wish.
2. Talk about personal cultivation.
Scoring rules of putonghua test
The Grade Standard of Putonghua Proficiency Test promulgated by the State Language Committee is a unified national standard for grading Putonghua proficiency. Putonghua level is divided into three levels and six levels, namely, one, two and three levels, and each level is divided into two levels: A and B; The first grade is the highest and the third grade is the lowest. Candidates' Putonghua level is determined according to the test results.
The standard of Putonghua proficiency test is as follows:
Level a
Grade a (> =97 points), when reading aloud and talking freely, the pronunciation standard, vocabulary and grammar are correct, the tone is natural and the expression is smooth. The total loss rate is less than 3%.
Grade b (92~96) is correct in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, with natural intonation and smooth expression when reading aloud and talking freely. Occasionally there will be mistakes in pronunciation and tone. The total loss rate is less than 8%.
assistant
Grade a (87~9 1), when reading aloud and talking freely, the pronunciation of phonology is basically standard, the intonation is natural and the expression is smooth. Several difficult pronunciations (flat tongue, front and back nasal sounds, lateral nasal sounds, etc.). ) sometimes I make mistakes. Lexical and grammatical errors are rare. The total loss rate is within 13%.
Grade b (80~86) is not allowed to adjust individual values when reading aloud and speaking freely, and vowel pronunciation is not in place. There are many difficult sounds (flat tongue, front and back nasal sounds, lateral nasal sounds, Fu Hu, z-zh -j, aspirated but not aspirated, i- ü undifferentiated, voiced stops reserved, voiced stops fricative, voiced stops lost, vowels monosyllabic, etc.). ), and there are many mistakes. Dialect intonation is not obvious, and sometimes dialect words and dialect grammar are used. The total loss rate is less than 20%.
Three levels
In Grade A (70~79), when reading aloud and talking freely, there are many vowel pronunciation errors, difficult sounds are beyond the common range, and tone values are often inaccurate. Dialect intonation is obvious. There are mistakes in vocabulary and grammar. The total loss rate is less than 30%.
Class b (60~69), when reading aloud and talking freely, has more pronunciation errors and prominent dialect features. Dialect intonation is obvious. There are many mistakes in vocabulary and grammar. Outsiders can't understand his conversation. The total loss rate is less than 40%.
Putonghua Examination-Examination Process
After the registration is passed, the candidates will enter the designated examination room on the specified date with the admission ticket and ID card, and take the examination according to the contents of the designated examination paper. Each test center has 2-3 testers, who are responsible for judging the Putonghua level of candidates. The total time is about 15 minutes.
Draw lots to see the works and talk about the topic first, and prepare for about ten minutes. After entering the examination room, first report your company and name, and then test according to four items (five items): 100 monosyllabic words, 50 disyllabic words, (judgment test), reading works and oral English. The whole exam is recorded, and you can leave the test center after the exam. You can check your grades in a week or so and get the corresponding Putonghua proficiency certificate.
First, in the general oral test at the same time, the examiner should record the candidates according to the following requirements:
1. After the exam (recording) begins, candidates should first say the following four sentences:
My name is (), my test number is (), and my test number is ().
2. All test contents should be read in horizontal order from left to right; Don't say anything outside the test questions.
3. Don't interrupt or press the "pause" button during recording.
4. Make records according to the specified time. After recording and saving, raise your hand to signal the examiner, who will check whether the test number entered by the candidate is consistent with the admission ticket. You can leave the examination room after the examination.
Second, the specific precautions when testing each question:
1, read monosyllabic words
Read each word once. If you really need to change it, you can watch it a second time, but you are not allowed to watch it a third time or a fourth time. If there is a second pronunciation, the second pronunciation shall prevail.
② Polysyllabic words only require one pronunciation, and all pronunciations of the word must not be read.
(3) Don't read aloud or read aloud.
(4) Don't omit the pronunciation of a word, otherwise it will be regarded as an error, and all the scores of the word will be deducted.
⑤ The time limit for this question is 3.5 minutes, and the overtime fee will be deducted. Within one minute of overtime, 0.5 points will be deducted; Overtime for more than one minute (including one minute) will be deducted.
Step 2 read disyllabic words
Read every word. If you really need to change it, you can watch it a second time, but you are not allowed to watch it a third time or a fourth time. If there is a second pronunciation, the second pronunciation shall prevail.
(2) Don't omit the pronunciation of a word, otherwise it will be regarded as an error, and all the scores of the word will be deducted.
(3) Pay attention to the pronunciation of light tone, er Hua and tone sandhi.
(4) Pay attention to the format of light and heavy sounds when reading words.
⑤ This question is limited to 2.5 minutes, and overtime will be deducted. Within one minute of overtime, 0.5 points will be deducted; Overtime for more than one minute (including one minute) will be deducted.
3. Read this article aloud
① Pay attention to accurate reading and try to avoid typos, missing words, adding words and changing words.
② Pay attention to the change of pronunciation.
③ Pay attention to the fluency of reading, and try to avoid back reading and incoherent speech.
(4) Stop at the place marked with "//"in the text, with 400 syllables, and score within 400 syllables. For the content of more than 400 syllables, even if the candidates have reading problems, they will no longer be deducted. But pay attention to the last sentence to read it completely and stop at the first punctuation.
⑤ The time limit of this test is 4 minutes. If the time limit is exceeded, no matter how long it takes, one point will be deducted.
4, proposition speech for 3 minutes
(1) Choose one of the two given topics to speak, and you are not allowed to choose other topics by yourself, nor are you allowed to change the topic halfway.
② Speech is one-way, not two-way. Pay attention to fluency and consistency.
You must speak for three minutes.
Putonghua Test-Test Content
The examination paper consists of four parts:
1. Read 100 monosyllabic words (excluding soft tones and inflected syllables).
Objective: To investigate the pronunciation of initials, finals and tones of candidates.
Requirements: In 100 syllables, each initial appears at least three times, and the missing or confusing words in dialect increase by 1-2 times; Generally, each vowel appears at least twice, and the missing or confusing vowels in dialects increase by 1-2 times. If the initials or finals of words are the same, arrange them separately. Don't let adjacent syllables have disyllables or rhymes.
Scoring: this score accounts for 10% of the total score, that is, 10. Deduct 0. 1 minute for mispronouncing the initials, finals or tones of a word. If the pronunciation is defective, 0.05 points will be deducted for each word. A word is allowed to be read twice, that is, when the examinee finds a slip of the tongue in the first pronunciation, he can correct it and judge it according to the second pronunciation.
Time limit: 3 minutes. Deduct points for overtime (0.5 points for 3-4 minutes, 0.8 points for more than 4 minutes).
Pronunciation defects are only recorded in reading monosyllabic words and disyllabic words. The pronunciation defect in 1 mainly refers to the inaccurate pronunciation position of initials, but it is not that one initial in Putonghua is pronounced as another, such as J, Q and X in front of the tongue are pronounced too close to Z, C and S; Or replace the correct pronunciation position of an initial in Putonghua with a closer position, such as reading the pre-consonants J, Q and X into tongue sounds; Or when reading the initials of the tip of the tongue, the position where the tip of the tongue touches or approaches the upper jaw moves backward or forward too much, but it is not completely misunderstood as the pronunciation of the tip of the tongue; The defects of vowel pronunciation are mainly manifested in the obvious lack of vowel roundness and poor sense of language; Or the opening of vowels is obviously not enough, and the auditory nature is obviously inconsistent; Or the tongue movement of vowels is obviously insufficient; Tone shape and tone are basically correct, but the tone value is obviously low or high, especially if the relative high and low points of the four tones are obviously inconsistent, it is judged as tone pronunciation defect; This defect is generally systematic, with 5 monosyllabic errors deducted from each tone. If both 1 and 2 have the same problem, the two items will be deducted respectively.
2. Read 50 disyllabic words
Objective: In addition to the pronunciation of initials, finals and tones, we should also study the pronunciation of tone sandhi, finals and light tone.
Requirements: 50 disyllables can be regarded as 100 monosyllables, and the number of initials and finals is roughly the same as that of monosyllables. In addition, there are no less than 2 times of linking words and no less than 4 times of linking other tones; Not less than 3 times softly; Hua Er has at least four rhymes, and the arrangement of words should avoid the centralized appearance of the same test item.
Scoring: this score accounts for 20% of the total score, that is, 20 points. 0.2 points will be deducted for mispronouncing the initials, finals or tones of a syllable. If the pronunciation is obviously defective, 0. 1 point will be deducted each time.
Time limit: 3 minutes. Overtime deduction (3-4 minutes deduction 1 minute, more than 4 minutes deduction 1.6 minute).
Pronunciation defect refers to the same as described in item 1, and the pronunciation of rhyme is obviously not satisfactory.
If one or both of 1 and 2 tests lose points 10% respectively, that is, 1 question loses points 1 point, or 2 questions lose points, it is judged that the Putonghua level of the candidate cannot enter the first level.
If candidates have obvious phonetic defects, even if the total score reaches A, they will be downgraded to B. ..
read aloud
Read aloud from the fifth part of the exam outline (No.65438 +0-50).
Objective: To investigate the level of reading written materials in Putonghua, focusing on pronunciation, tone sandhi (rising tone, "one" and "no") and intonation (tone).
Scoring: This score accounts for 30% of the total score. That's 30 points. Accumulate the first 400 words (excluding punctuation marks) of each material, deduct 0. 1 for each phonetic error, deduct 0. 1 for missing a word, and deduct points for dialect intonation in different degrees at one time (3 points for outstanding problems; Obviously, 2 points will be deducted; Slightly reflected, deducted 1.5 points. Deduct 1 minute for each pause or improper sentence break; If the speech speed is too fast or too slow, 2 points will be deducted at one time.
Time limit: 4 minutes. Deduct for more than 4 minutes and 30 seconds 1 minute.
Note: The number of words in each article in the reading material (1-50) is slightly different. In order to achieve a consistent grading standard, the errors in the first 400 words of the reading material (each article is marked after 400 words) are accumulated in the test. But the study of intonation and speech speed should run through the whole article. Judging from the requirements of the exam, we should take 50 works that provide exercises for candidates as a whole and master them comprehensively through pre-exam exercises.
talk with each other
Objective: To investigate the ability of the candidates to speak Mandarin and the degree of standardization they can achieve without written support. Give priority to one-way speech, supplemented by two-way dialogue between examiners and candidates when necessary. One-way dialogue: candidates should speak for 4 minutes according to the topic determined by drawing lots (not less than 3 minutes, and the examiner should ask the candidates to stop speaking after 4 minutes).
Scoring: this score accounts for 30% of the total score, that is, 30 points. These include:
(1) phonetic features account for 20%, that is, 20 points. The grade is:
First-class 20-minute voice standard
18 second-grade phonetic errors are less than 10 times, and the dialect is not obvious;
16 third-grade phonetic errors are less than 10 times, but the dialect is obvious; Or the dialect is not obvious, but the pronunciation error is roughly between 10 and 15 times; 14 fourth grade phonetic errors are between 18 times and 15 times, and the dialect is obvious;
The fifth grade 10 score, the phonetic error exceeds 15 times, and the dialect is obvious;
There are many phonetic errors and strong accent in the sixth gear and eighth gear.
If the phonetic feature is determined to be second grade (or below), even if the total score is above 96, it cannot enter the first class. If the phonetic feature is determined to be in the fifth gear, even if the total score is above 87, it cannot enter the second category A; In either case, you will be demoted in class.
(2) The standardization of vocabulary grammar accounts for 5%. The score level is:
A 5 points vocabulary and grammar standardization;
4 points in the second grade, occasionally vocabulary or grammar does not meet the standard;
The vocabulary and grammar of grade three and grade three often do not conform to the norms;
(3) Natural fluency accounts for 5%, that is, 5 points. The score level is:
The first gear of 5 points is natural and smooth;
4 points in the second day of junior high school are basically fluent and poor in spoken English (similar to the performance of memorizing manuscripts);
Improper speech speed in the third gear and incoherent words; The lack of speaking time must be made up by the two-way dialogue between the examiner and the examiner. In the trial stage, the above scoring method is adopted, and the proportion of oral scores is appropriately increased with the change of the situation.