Winver- check the Windows version.
Wmimgmt.msc-Open the windows management architecture.
Wupdmgr-windows updater
Wscript-windows Script Host Settings
writting tablet
Winmsd- system information
Wiaacmgr-Scanner and Camera Wizard
Winchat-XP comes with LAN chat.
Mem。 Exe- displays memory usage.
Msconfig.exe- System Configuration Utility
Mplayer2-Simple widnows Media Player
drawing board
MSTSC- Remote Desktop Connection
Mplayer2-Media Player
Magnifying glass tool
MMC- Open the console.
Synchronization command
Check DirectX information.
Drwtsn32-System Doctor
device manager
DFRG。 Disk defragmenter
Diskmgmt.msc-disk management tool
DCOMNFG- open the system component service.
DDE sharing-open DDE*** to enjoy the settings.
Dvd player -DVD player
Stop the messenger service.
Start messenger service.
Notepad-Open Notepad.
NSLookup- Network Management Tools Wizard
Ntbackup-system backup and restore
Narrator-screen "Narrator"
Ntmsmgr.msc-mobile storage manager
Ntmsoprq.msc-Mobile Storage Administrator Operation Request
Netstat-an-(tc) command to check the interface.
Create a briefcase
System configuration editor
File signature verification program
Sndrec32-recorder
Shrpubw-Create a * * shared folder.
Secpol.msc-local security policy
Syskey-system encryption, once encrypted, it cannot be unlocked, which protects the double password of windows xp system.
Services.msc-local service settings
Sndvol32-Volume Control Program
Sfc.exe system file checker
Sfc /scannow-windows file protection
Tsshutdn-60-second countdown shutdown command
Tourstart-xp xp introduces XP (roaming XP program after installation)
Taskmgr- task manager
Eventvwr-Event Viewer
Eudcedit- word formation program
Browser-Opens the browser.
Packager-Object Packaging
Perfmon.msc-computer performance monitoring program
project manager
Regedit.exe Registry
Rsop.msc-group policy result set
Regedt32-Registry Editor
Rononce-p- 15 seconds off.
Regsvr32/u *。 Stop running the dll file.
Egsvr32/uzippfldr.dll-Cancel postal code support.
Cmd.exe command prompt
Chkdsk.exe-Chkdsk disk check
Certmgr.msc-certificate management utility
Calc- start the calculator.
Charmap- Starts the character mapping table.
Cliconfg-SQL SERVER client network utility
Clipbrd-clipboard viewer
CONF- start a network conference.
Master of Computer Management
Cleanmgr-garbage disposal
Ciadv.msc-indexing service program
OSK- Open the on-screen keyboard.
Odbcad32-ODBC data source manager
Oobe/msoobe/a- check whether XP is activated.
Lusrmgr.msc-local users and groups
Logout-Logout command.
Iexpress-Trojan binding tool, the system comes with it.
Nslookup-IP address detector
Fsmgmt.msc-*** * Enjoy the Folder Manager
Utliman-Assistant Tool Manager
Gpedit.msc-group policy
DOS command
Complete DOS command set
(a) MD-establish a subdirectory P ..
1. function: create a new subdirectory p.
2. Type: internal command p
3. Format: MD[ drive letter:] [path name] p
4. Instructions for use: P
(1) "Drive Letter": specifies the drive letter of the disk drive where the subdirectory is to be created; If omitted, the current drive; p
(2) "Pathname": the parent directory name of the subdirectory to be created; By default, it will be created in the current directory. p
Example: (1) Create a subdirectory named FOX under the root directory of drive C; (2) Create a user subdirectory under the FOX subdirectory. p
C: > >MDpFOXp (create a subdirectory fox under the current drive) p c) p.
C: > > MDpFOXp, USERp (create a user subdirectory under the FOXp subdirectory) p.
(2)CD- change the current directory p
1. Function: Display the current directory.
2. Type: internal command p
3. Format: CD[ drive letter:] [path name] [subdirectory name ]p
4. Instructions for use: P
(1) If the path and subdirectory name are omitted, the current directory will be displayed; p
(2) If "CD," format is adopted, it will be returned to the root directory; p
(3) If it is a CD, it is adopted. Format returns to the previous directory. p
Example: (1) enters the user subdirectory; (2) returning from the user subdirectory to the subdirectory; (3) Return to the root directory. p
C:, > > CDpFOXp, USER (enter the user subdirectory under the FOX subdirectory) p.
C:, Fox, User > CD. . (Return to the root directory at the next higher level) p
C: fox > CD, p (back to the root directory) p
C: p
(3)rd- delete subdirectory command p
1. Function: Delete the directory from the specified disk. p
2. Type: internal command p
3. Format: RD[ drive letter:] [path name] [subdirectory name ]p
4. Instructions for use: P
(1) Before deleting, the subdirectory must be empty, that is to say, you need to enter the subdirectory first, use DEL (the command to delete files) to delete files under the subdirectory, then return to the previous directory, and use RD command to delete the directory itself; p
(2) The root directory and the current directory cannot be deleted. p
Example: Delete the user subdirectory under the FOX subdirectory of drive C, as follows: P
Step 1: Delete the files in the user subdirectory first; p
DELpC:、FOX、USER、* .*p
Step 2, delete the user subdirectory. p
c 、> RDpC:、FOX、USERp
(4)dir- display disk directory command p.
1. Function: Display the contents of the disk directory. p
2. Type: internal command p
3. format: DIRp[ drive letter] [path] [/p] [/w] p] [/w] p.
4.P Instructions for use: use/p; When there are too many directories to view, the screen will always scroll up and it is not easy to read. After adding the /P parameter, the screen will display 23 lines of file information at a time, and then pause and prompt; Press panypkeyptopcontinuep
Use /W: Add /W to display only the file name, ignoring the file size and creation date and time. After adding parameters, five file names can be displayed per line. p
Path-path setting command p
1. Function: The search path of the device executable file is only valid for this file. p
2. Type: internal command p
3. Format: PATH[ drive letter 1] directory [pathname1] {[; Drive letter 2:], ...} p
4. Instructions for use: P
(1) When running an executable file, DOS will first search the file in the current directory, and run it if it is found; If no files can be found, search the files one by one in the directory according to the PATH set by the path command; p
(2) If there are more than two 2) paths in the path command, use semicolons between them. Separate; p
(3) There are three ways to use the 3)PATH command: P
Path [drive letter 1:][ path 1][ drive letter 2:][ path 2] ... (Set the search path for executable files) p
Paths: (cancel all paths) p
PATH: (Displays the currently set path) p
(6) tree display disk directory structure command p.
1. function: display all directory paths on the specified drive and all file names under these directories. p
2. Type: external command p
3. Format: TREE[ drive letter:] [/f] ["prn] p
4. Instructions for use: P
(1) When using the /F parameter, all directories and all files under them will be displayed; When omitted, only the directory will be displayed, and the files under the directory will not be displayed; p
(2) When the parameter > > PRN is selected, the listed directories and file names in the directories will be printed. p
(7)del tree- Delete the entire directory command p
1. Function: Delete the whole directory and its subdirectories and files. p
2. Type: external command p
3. Format: DELTREE[ drive letter:] p
4. Instructions for use: This command can delete a directory and all its files, subdirectories and subordinate subdirectories in one step. No matter whether the file's attribute is hidden, system or read-only, as long as the file is in the deleted directory, DELTREE will delete it equally and correctly. Be careful when using it! ! ! p
V. Disk operation command p
(a) format-disk format command p
1. Function: format the disk and divide tracks and sectors; At the same time, check whether the whole disk has bad tracks and mark the bad tracks; Establish directory area and file allocation table to make the disk ready to receive DOS. p
2. Type: external command p
3. format: format [/s] [/4] [/q] p.
4. Instructions for use: P
The drive letter after the (1) command is essential. If you format the hard disk, you will be prompted as follows: Warning: allpdataponpnop-removablediskp.
DRIVEpC:WILLpBEpLOSTp！ p
proceedwithpformatp(Y/N)？ p
(Warning: All data is on drive C and will be lost. Are you sure you want to continue formatting? )p
(2) If the floppy disk has been formatted, there will be the following prompt: InsertPMewPDISTEPForPDrivepap.
Then press Penterwhen Ready … p
Insert a new disk into drive A, and press Enter when you are ready. p
(3) Select the [/S] parameter to copy the DOS system file IO. SYSp、MSDOS。 SYS and COMMAND.COM to the disk, so that the disk can be used as a DOS startup disk. If the /S parameter is not selected, the formatted disk can only read and write information and cannot be used as a startup disk; p
(4) Select the [/4] parameter to format the 360KB low-density disk in the 1.2MB high-density floppy drive; p
(5) Select the [/Q] parameter, quick format, which will not re-divide the tracks and sectors of the disk, but only empty the disk root directory, file allocation table and boot sector, so the formatting speed is faster. p
(6) Select the [/U] parameter, which means unconditional formatting, that is, destroy all data on the original disk. If you do not add /U, it will be formatted for security reasons. At this time, a mirror file will be created to save the original FAT table and root directory, and UNFORRMAT can be used to restore the original data if necessary. p
(2) Unformatted recovery format command p
1. Function: Recover the disk that lost data due to formatting error. p
2. Type: external command p
3. format: unformat \ ÷ [/l] [/u] [/p] [/test] p.
4. Instructions for use: It is used to recover "non-destructive" formatted disks. UNFORMAT can also be used to rescue the deleted files or subdirectories under the root directory and the system sector of the disk (including FAT, root directory, boot sector and hard disk partition table). p
(1) Select the /L parameter to list the found subdirectory name, file name, filial date, etc. , but you won't really do the formatting work. p
(2) Select the /P parameter to send the report displayed on the screen (including the information generated by the /L parameter) to the printer. The runtime screen will display: "printpoutwillpbepsentptoplpt1"p
(3) Select the /TEST parameter to do simulation test only, and do not do real writing. With this parameter, the screen will display "Analog" p.
(4) Select the /U parameter, and UNFORMAT directly according to the current situation of the disk without using the data of the image file. p
(5) Select/psrtn; Repair the hard disk partition table. p
If you add one of /P, /L and /TEST after the drive letter, it is equivalent to using the /U parameter. UNFORMAT will "assume" that there are no image files on disk at this time. p
Note: UNFORMAT can completely restore the newly formatted disk, but if other data is written after formatting, UNFORMAT cannot completely save the data. Unformatted is not everything. Because using UNFORMAT will rebuild FAT and root directory, which is also highly dangerous, and improper operation may increase losses. If only a few files or subdirectories are deleted by mistake, it is enough to use UNDELETE. p
3)pchdsk- check the current status of the disk command p.
1. function: display the disk status, memory status and discontinuity number of the specified file under the specified path. p
2. Type: external command p
3. Format: CHKDSKp[ drive letter:] [path] [file name] [/f] [/v] p.
4. Instructions for use: P
(1) If the [file name] parameter is selected, the disk occupation of the file will be displayed; p
(2) Select the [/F] parameter to correct the logical errors found on the specified disk; p
(3) Select the [/V] parameter to display all files and paths on the disk. p
(4)Diskcopy- the entire disk copy command p
1. Function: Copy floppy disks with the same format and content. p
2. Type: external command p
3. Format: DISKCOPY[ drive letter 1:][ drive letter 2:] p
4. Instructions for use: P
(1) If the destination floppy disk is not formatted, it will be formatted automatically when copied. p
(2) If you copy the original files on the target floppy disk, they will all be lost. p
(3) If it is a stand-alone copy, the system will prompt to replace the source disk and the target disk in due course. Please pay attention to separate the source disk from the target disk when operating. p
(5)label- the command p to create a disk volume label.
1. Function: Create, change and delete disk volume labels. p
2. Type: external command p
3. Format: label [drive letter:] [volume label name ]p
4. Instructions for use: P
(1) The label name is the label name to be created. If this parameter is used by default, you will be prompted to type the volume label name or ask whether to delete the original volume label name; p
(2) The label name consists of 1 to 1 1 characters. p
(6) vol-command p used to display the disk volume label.
1. Function: View the disk volume label. p
2. Type: internal command p
3. Format: VOL[ drive letter: ]p
4. Instructions for use: omit the drive letter and display the volume label of the current drive. p
(7)ScanDisk- command p for detecting and repairing disks.
1. function: detect whether there are problems in the FAT table, directory structure and file system of the disk, and fix the detected problems. p
2. Type: external command p
3. Format: Disk Scan [drive letter 1:]{[ drive letter 2:]...} [/all] p
4. Instructions for use: P
(1)CCANDISK is suitable for hard disk and floppy disk. You can specify multiple disks at once, or you can select the [/ALL] parameter to specify all disks. p
(2) Logical errors such as cross connection, lost cluster and directory structure can be automatically detected and repaired. p
(8) Disk reorganization-command p for disk reorganization
1.。 Function: organize disks and eliminate disk fragmentation. p
2. Type: external command p
3. Format: DEFRAG[ drive letter: ][/F]p
4. Instructions for use: Select the /F parameter to eliminate the fragments on the disk in the file, and adjust the arrangement of the disk files to ensure that there are no gaps between the files. So as to speed up disk reading and save disk space. p
(9) system-system copy command p
1. Function: Input and output DOS system files. SYS，MSDOS。 Systems and commands. Copy the COMp on the current drive to the specified drive. p
2. Type: external command p
3. Format: SYS[ drive letter: ]p
* Instructions: If there is not enough space on the disk to store system files, you will be prompted: noploomforpondestinationpdisk.p.
File operation class command p
(a) pCOPY file copy command p
1. Function: Copy one or more files to the specified disk. p
2. Type: internal command p
3. Format: COPYp[ source disk] [path] [source file name] [target disk] [path] [target file name] p.
4. Instructions for use: P
(1)COPY is a file-to-file way to copy data, and the target disk must be formatted before copying; p
(2) During the copying process, the old file with the same name on the target disk will be replaced by the source file; p
(3) When copying files, first make sure that there is enough space in the target, otherwise it will appear; The guaranteed error message indicates that there is not enough disk space; p
(4) Wildcards "*" and "?" Allow in the file name. , you can copy multiple files at the same time; p
(5) The source file name in the copy command must be pointed out and cannot be omitted. p
(6) When copying, the target file name can be the same as the source file name, which is called "copy with the same name". You can omit the target file name at this time; p
(7) When copying, the target file name can also be different from the source file name, which is called "copy with different names". In this case, the target file name cannot be omitted; p
(8) When copying, several files can also be merged into one file, which is called "merged copy" and the format is as follows: copy; [Source Disk] [Path] ... [Target Disk] [Path]; p
(9) Using the COPY command, you can also create a file by inputting data from the keyboard. The format is as follows: COPYpCONp[ drive letter:] [path]; p
(10) Note: The format of the copy command must have a space between the source file name and the target file name! p
(2)xcopy- directory copy command p
1. Function: Copy the specified directory, all files under the directory and the directory structure. p
2. Type: external command p
3. format: XCOPYp[ source disk:] > PRNp
At this point, the printer should be online. p
(4) Rename order P before file
1. function: change the file name p.
2. Type: internal command p
3. Format: REN[ drive letter:] [path] p
4. Instructions for use: P
(1) You cannot add the drive letter and path before the new file name, because this command can only change the file name of files on the same disk. p
(2) Wildcards are allowed to change a group of file names or extensions. p
(5)FC- file comparison command p
1. Function: Compare the similarities and differences of documents and list the differences. p
2. Type: external command p
3. Format: FC[ drive:] [pathname]