? There is a ship in distress at sea, and it will sink soon. There are 12 people on board, but a lifeboat can only take 6 people at most. 12 people are: a 72-year-old doctor, a terminally ill girl, a captain, a storyteller, a prisoner proficient in navigation, a mentally retarded boy, a young model worker, a Christian priest, a corrupt national cadre, a manager of PetroChina, a newly rich private entrepreneur, and yourself. Please choose six people to board the lifeboat according to your intuition.
Second, the rules:
1, the situation cannot be changed.
Don't use random methods (such as drawing lots).
3, don't use force to solve.
4. Decide whether to stay or not according to the votes of the participants.
Third, the investigation method.
1. Make a questionnaire on "Questionnaire Network", and then pull the students into the survey team through WeChat "Face-to-Face Group Building", and the students click the corresponding options.
2. The students are divided into three groups, the first group (the melody of hope) is 92 people, the second group (the interaction of national culture) is 85 people, and the third group (the national culture from winter to day) is 70 people, with a total of 247 people. Join 200 people as the fourth group after class. There are 447 people in four groups.
3. When filling out the questionnaire, the first group did not give any hints, and the second group gave hints about the requirements of each question. The seventh question, in particular, focuses on "the last thing I want."
Fourth, the problem setting
1. Please vote for 6 people who can get on the lifeboat (multiple choice questions).
2. Who is your first choice for lifeboat (multiple choice)?
3. The second person you choose to get on the lifeboat is (multiple choice).
4. Who did you choose as the third person to get on the lifeboat (multiple choice question)?
5. Who did you choose as the fourth person to board the lifeboat (multiple choice question)?
6. The fifth person you chose to board the lifeboat was (multiple choice question)
7. Who do you want to get on the lifeboat last (choose two) (multiple choice questions)
Statistical results and analysis of verbs (abbreviation of verb)
1. Please vote for 6 people who can get on the lifeboat (multiple choice questions).
The top six are themselves (367), captains (366), 72-year-old doctors (353), young model workers (35 1), prisoners who are proficient in navigation (296) and storytellers (232).
"Self" actually refers to self, representing self-awareness or self-concept, which mainly refers to the individual's cognition of his own existence and evaluation of his social role. In this simulated shipwreck, the position of self is placed above other conditions, which embodies the principle of self-priority.
The captain, a 72-year-old doctor and a prisoner who is proficient in navigation are all possible conditions for shipwreck escape. The captain and the prisoner represent the captain, and the prisoner represents the technical possibility of escape. Doctors are regarded as a guarantee after escape. Although he is 72 years old, as a rare guarantee, doctors are still chosen by most people. In terms of technical conditions, people give priority to team leaders rather than reform-through-labour prisoners, because people consider technical conditions and evaluate the moral standards of technical providers. The technical level of the reform-through-labour prisoner may be higher than that of the captain, but people still give priority to him. The principles of existence, possibility of existence and virtue are all embodied here.
As for young model workers, here are three important identity information. The first word is "youth". Compared with the 72-year-old doctor, the candidate considers the age factor and thinks that the hope of the future should be left more to young people. The second word is "example", which shows that this person has surpassed others in moral level, work attitude, work methods or work results; The word "worker" shows the identity of this person, not the second generation of officials, nor the second generation of rich, but the grassroots. This may be the reason why many people choose this person to get on the lifeboat. This embodies the principle of average utility or the principle of fairness and happiness (or the principle of compensation).
The identity of "good storyteller" is the most interesting, because when everyone's survival is threatened, everyone also gives an important escape opportunity to this person who has no skills and cannot provide follow-up protection. According to the voters' explanation, they chose this man because it is not known whether the vast sea can escape. Live happily, don't die pessimistically. What is embodied here is the utilitarian principle or the pleasure principle.
2. Who is your first choice for lifeboat (multiple choice)?
Captain (156), yourself (125)
When determining six candidates, many people think that the captain is the most important one besides himself, because there may be no real escape without the captain in the sea. Although there are prisoners who are proficient in navigation and have moral and safety needs, many people still choose the captain. Faced with this multiple-choice question, many people consider that six people must have their own, so the most important thing is to choose the best conditions for safe escape.
3. The second person you choose to get on the lifeboat is (multiple choice).
Captain (109), 72-year-old doctor (87)
The next choice will certainly revolve around the possibility of survival, so the captain as a technical condition and the doctor as a guarantee condition will become a common choice.
4. Who did you choose as the third person to get on the lifeboat (multiple choice question)?
72-year-old doctor (125), convict who is proficient in navigation (59)
What is shown here should be people's step-back choice of the condition of survival possibility, which we can call the second most important condition.
5. Who did you choose as the fourth person to board the lifeboat (multiple choice question)?
Young model workers (104) and storytellers (7 1)
The candidates' empathy for young model workers makes them feel the need to let such a figure representing a bright future continue to survive and create more and better social life for the future. Similarly, out of the need for real happiness, people choose people who are good at telling stories.
6. Who did you choose to be the fifth person in the lifeboat (multiple choice question)?
Workers in Young model (8 1) Good storyteller (63)
The result of this option is the same as the fourth question, which shows that the roles of young model workers and storytellers are highly compatible, except that some people put it in the fourth step and some people put it in the fifth step.
7. Who do you want to get on the lifeboat last (choose two) (multiple choice questions)
? Corrupt state cadres (29 1), Christian priests (6 1), and PetroChina managers (56).
As for the man who doesn't want to get on the lifeboat, everyone agrees that "national cadres are corrupt." From the social level, there are dissatisfaction with the existing management system (national cadres) and anger against managers with moral defects (corruption). Once given the opportunity, these people who abuse public power for personal gain will be the first to be cast aside by the public. Why Christian priests were abandoned may be related to the identity of voters. Most voters are teachers in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens, and almost no one believes in Christianity. In their eyes, the priest can't have any technical support or happy effect on escape. The manager of PetroChina, a state-owned enterprise that monopolizes resources, has no substantial effect on the improvement of people's lives except corruption and fish in the eyes of ordinary people, so everyone shifted their anger to these managers of state-owned enterprises (although it may be unfair).
Six, several changing conditions (variable factors)
1. The prostitute in the original test was replaced by a storyteller. Because in China's moral concept, the status of prostitutes represents a dirty profession and depravity (which is different from some western countries), even if someone (male) is tempted by this option, he will ignore this answer with scruples, thus reducing the reliability of the questionnaire. And "prostitute" and "storyteller" actually represent the same orientation, both pointing to people's happiness or utility.
2. In the test of westerners, there will be more choices of "terminally ill little girls" and "mentally retarded boys", because there is a principle of "women and children first" in the west, and some westerners subconsciously choose these answers.
3. The option of "Christian priest" will also surpass "prisoners proficient in navigation" in the choice of westerners. This is because of well-known reasons, there are more people who believe in Christianity in the West. Many people think that devout faith will bring them hope of survival, and even if they are unfortunately killed, they will think it is their own reason. What's more, some people may give up "themselves" and put on a weaker one.
4. There are also great differences between Chinese and western views on "newly rich private entrepreneurs". The west believes that whether you have just made a fortune or have a lot of wealth, you have gained it through personal efforts and deserve respect. For people who have just made a fortune, they should be sent to lifeboats for the principle of fairness, happiness or compensation, so there are not a few people who choose this person. However, in the cultural context of China, "newly rich private entrepreneurs" are often associated with the word "nouveau riche", and people will immediately think of showing off their wealth, being unfriendly to the rich, plundering and consuming a lot of resources, and so on, so that such people will have fewer choices.
Seven, the concept of "self" is not a conclusion.
"Self" is a long-discussed topic. William james is the founder of self-concept. He believes that "ego is the sum of body, traits, abilities, ambitions, family, work, property, friends, etc." He divides ego into experiential ego and pure ego. The experiential self is divided into three parts: material self, social self and spiritual self. Social self is higher than material self, and spiritual self is higher than social self. James believes that the core part of the material self is the body, because people always have relations with things around them through the body in life, and put forward various needs according to the body. Social self refers to a person's "recognition from peers", that is, his image in the eyes of others. The most special social self is his attitude towards his lover. Spiritual self refers to a person's internal or subjective existence, as long as it belongs to "experiential self". "Pure self" refers to a person's identity, which is manifested as "I am the same now as I used to be". The individual as the object is called the experiential self (I), and the present thought is regarded as the pure self (I). In his sense, choosing the "self" on the lifeboat is to preserve the "material self" and choose other people who have the "spiritual self" needs. Technology, safety and spirit constitute a simple society, and self is also reflected in social situations. As a "pure self" factor, it was blurred by the shipwreck accident.