fan zhongyan
original text
In the spring of Li Qing's fourth year, Teng was demoted to Baling County. Next year, the government will be harmonious and waste tools will flourish. Is to rebuild Yueyang Tower, add its old system, and engrave Tang Xian's poems on it. Write a composition and remember it.
Yu Baling wins (good scenery), in Dongting Lake. Take a distant mountain, swallow the Yangtze River, and make a huge soup (like a mighty water wave), with an endless horizon (edge); Zhao Hui (sunny) is cloudy and full of weather. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower. Everything the elder said is ready. However, in Wuxia in the north and Xiaoxiang in the south pole, poets who moved guests will come here more often, so it is not unusual to feel the feelings of things.
If it rains (drizzling), the moon will not open (clearing up), the evil wind will howl, and the turbid waves will be empty (rushing to the sky); The sun, moon and stars are hidden, and the mountains are hidden; Business travel is bad and ruined; At dusk (near), tigers roar and apes crow. When you go to the temple building, you are homesick, sad, sad and sad.
If the spring is bright, the scenery (sunshine) is bright, the waves are calm and the sky is bright and blue; Sha Ou Ji Xiang, Jinlian (beautiful fish) swimming; The coast is blue and green. Or the long smoke is exhausted, the bright moon is thousands of miles away, the light is shining, the static shadow is sinking, and the fishing songs are answered. How happy I am! When you climb the stairs, you will feel relaxed and happy, you will forget the humiliation and leave the wine in the wind, which will make you happy.
Hey, honey! What is it to try (once) to seek (explore) the heart of the ancient benevolent, or to do something different? Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself; If you live high in a temple, you will worry about your people; If you stay away from the Jianghu, you will worry about your husband. It's worrying about going in and going out. But when will you be happy? It must be said that "worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world." Hey! Micro (no) people, who are we?
September 15th, six years.
translate
In the spring of four years in Song Renzong, Teng was demoted to Yuezhou and became the Zhizhou. In the second year, the government was smooth and the people were happy, and many things that had been abandoned were set up. So the Yueyang Tower was rebuilt, and the original scale was expanded. The poems of celebrities and contemporary people in the Tang Dynasty were also engraved on the upstairs. Entrust me to write an article about it.
I saw the beautiful scenery of Yuezhou, all in Dongting Lake. It embraces distant mountains and swallows the water of the Yangtze River. Water is boundless. The sun shines in the morning, and the yin condenses at night, and the scene is ever-changing. This is a magnificent sight of Yueyang Tower. The previous account has been very detailed. In this case, it leads to Wuxia in the north, Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang River in the south. Most of the relegated historians and poets come here to get together and enjoy the natural scenery. Can it be any different emotionally?
If the continuous rainy days do not clear up, the gloomy wind will roar and the turbid waves will rush into the white sky; The sun, the moon and the stars have lost their luster, and the mountains have disappeared; Businessmen and passengers failed, the mast fell and the oars broke; It was dark at night, the tiger roared and the ape cried sadly. At this time, when you board this building, you will feel homesick when you leave the country, worried about the slander of traitors and the ridicule of bad people, full of depression and neglect, and extremely sad and angry.
In spring, the weather is sunny and the waves can't afford it. The blue sky and the water color set each other off, and the green is boundless; Groups of Sha Ou sometimes fly and sometimes stop, and beautiful fish sometimes float and sometimes swim; Vanilla on the shore and orchid in Xiaozhou are rich in fragrance and green in color. Sometimes a large area of smoke completely dissipates, the bright moon shines thousands of miles on the earth, the floating moonlight is like shining golden light, the quiet moon image shows white, and the fishermen sing with each other. How can this happiness be endless! When you board Yueyang Tower, you will have a cheerful attitude and a happy spirit. I forgot all about honor and disgrace, and all kinds of feelings and expressions were extremely pleasant.
I used to explore the thoughts and feelings of ancient nobles, which may be different from the two thoughts and feelings mentioned above. Why? They are not happy or sad about the quality of foreign things and their own gains and losses, but they are worried about his people being senior officials in the court; Worried about his king in the remote Jianghu. This is also worried about becoming an official in the DPRK, resigning and living in seclusion. So, when will you be happy? They will definitely say, "Be sad before the sorrow of the whole world, and be happy after the happiness of the whole world". Alas! Without this person, who would I be with?
Written in Li Qing on September 15th, 6th (1046).
Think about the source of drinking water and find the root of words. This root is the reason why the author writes. How did The Story of Yueyang Tower come into being? When teaching this article, the teacher should look for this root with the students. This root is clearly stated in the article: "In the spring of four years, Teng Zijing was ordered to guard Baling County ... and it was written to remember it." Although Teng died, it made Baling "a harmonious society and prosperous society", which shows that Teng is the pillar of the country. Less than a year after he took office, he made great achievements and rebuilt Yueyang Tower. In ancient times, when people built pavilions, they often wrote articles describing the process and historical evolution of construction and repair. Teng Amethyst asked his friend Fan Zhongyan to write a note. Why not invite friends? At this time, Fan Zhongyan was demoted as a magistrate in Dengzhou, which was really awesome. The difference is that Fan Zhongyan and Teng are very different in life. Teng, who is "optimistic and charming", is a good-tempered, willful and conceited person. It is difficult to listen to other people's opinions. He always resents his unreasonable dismissal and often complains. It is said that on the day Yueyang Tower was completed, his subordinates came to congratulate him, but he said, "What a success! After drinking it in one gulp, it will be more than a dozen times. " When he should be happy, Teng is full of all kinds of sadness, which shows that he has not yet come out of the official blow. You can read the full text of Yueyang Tower, but you can't find this feeling of resentment because of being demoted. Why is this? The reason is Fan Zhongyan. Generally speaking, "if you let the minister drive away the guests, once you are far away, your sad and haggard sighs are all caused by your poems, which are particularly sour, and some people can't send them themselves." Fan Zhongyan, however, can be free and easy when he is hit by setbacks, regardless of things and himself. As a friend of Teng, Fan Zhongyan always tries to persuade him, but never speaks. Later, Teng wrote to Fan Zhongyan and asked him to write an inscription for Yueyang Tower, so that Fan Zhongyan could speak for his old friend. In the article, he wrote, "don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself", "If you live in a temple, you will worry about others; If you stay away from the Jianghu, you will worry about your husband. It is also a worry and a worry. " These words are not only used by Fan Zhongyan to encourage himself, but also to encourage others. Who should be encouraged? Teng amethyst!
Finding this root, we can understand that Fan Zhongyan wrote "Yueyang Tower", not only to remember Teng's deeds of rebuilding Yueyang Tower, but also to encourage his old friends. How to persuade? You can't go straight, you have to write secretly. What is the excuse? Of course, it is the scene of Dongting Lake! He wrote his views on the ups and downs of life clearly, and advised his old friends to be free and easy, and to be a free and easy person who "doesn't like things, doesn't grieve for himself". In Fan Zhongyan's view, it is no wonder that there are two ways to live in one's life. One is "happy with things, sad with things". Like those poets who moved to other places, because the scenery of Dongting Lake is either happy (the fourth paragraph) or sad (the third paragraph), "it is unnatural for people to have seven emotions, respond to things, feel things and sing about their aspirations." (See Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long) So, seeing "it's raining, even the moon can't open ... tigers roar and apes cry" leads to "going to the countryside to feel homesick, worrying about hunger, and being miserable everywhere", and seeing "beautiful spring, calm ... fishing songs answering" leads to "carefree". If you stay away from Jianghu, you will worry about your husband, your people and your husband, but you won't worry about yourself! Because, their worries and joys have been "worried about the world first, and happy after the world"! Amethyst's old friend, how I miss people like you! "Wes, who are we?"
This article was written in Dengzhou, and the author has never been to Yueyang Tower.
Appreciation of Yueyang Tower
Along the Xiangjiang River, through Changsha, and then forward, a piece of Wang Yang comes into view, that is, Dongting Lake, which is "full of water and sky, boundless romance". Meng Haoran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in his poem "Dui Dong Ting": "Clouds and smoke make Meng Gu sleepy in Yueyang." Vividly displayed the vast momentum of Dongting Lake, and became the swan song of the ages. Yueyang mentioned in the poem, with Dongting in the west and the Yangtze River in the north, has been the throat of north-south traffic since ancient times. Looking from Dongting Lake to Yueyang, the most striking thing is a three-story building standing by the lake, which is spectacular against the blue sky and white clouds. That is the famous Yueyang Tower.
Yueyang Tower was formerly the military parade platform of Lu Su, the governor of the State of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. In the fourth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Shuling, secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, called Yueyang Tower, built a pavilion in the former site of the parade platform. Famous poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Zhang Xiaoxiang and Lu You. They all left their well-known poems here. In the spring of A.D. 1044, Teng was demoted to Baling County, Yuezhou as the magistrate, and the Yueyang Tower was rebuilt in the following spring. In June, he wrote a photo of Dongting in late autumn to Fan Zhongyan, a good friend of Dengzhou's demotion, and asked him to write an article about Dongting. In September of the sixth year of Li Qing, Fan Zhongyan wrote this famous "Yueyang Tower". The full text of Yueyang Tower is only 368 words, divided into five paragraphs.
The first paragraph explains the reasons for taking notes.
This account is necessary, because Fan Zhongyan is neither a Yueyang native nor an Yueyang official, and may have never been to Yueyang at all. A person who has nothing to do with Yueyang suddenly made notes for Yueyang Tower, which must be explained. The author first put forward his good friend Teng, saying that after he was demoted to Yueyang, after a year's time, he achieved "harmony between the government and the people, and everything went smoothly". The Yueyang Tower was rebuilt and expanded, and the poems of the sages and modern people in the Tang Dynasty were engraved upstairs. Let me write an article on this matter. This passage is concise, the background that must be explained is explained at the beginning of the article, and then you can be free to imagine.
The second paragraph describes not the Yueyang Tower itself, but the transition from the grand view of Yueyang Tower to the artistic conception of viewing things.
The content of this passage is about scenery, and the tone is about discussion. As soon as I came up, I put forward my own view: the beautiful scenery of Baling is concentrated on Dongting Lake, which is a distant mountain, engulfing the Yangtze River, surging and endless. These words describe the vastness of lakes and the vastness of water potential in space. The next two sentences, "sunny in the morning and cloudy at night", show the changes of Dongting Lake from different scenery at different times. In the early morning, the sun shines brightly, making Dongting Lake look like a mirror, just as Zhang Bi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in his poem, "Endless is paved with glass". At night, the fog is low, and Dongting Lake is shrouded in darkness, just as Li Qi, a poet of the Song Dynasty, wrote: "Fog and rain sink clouds and dreams, and smoke and waves are misty." The above sentence captures the different scenery of Dongting Lake in different periods, vividly renders its myriad weather, and then concludes: "This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower, which was prepared by predecessors." Since the previous description is complete and there are poems engraved on Yueyang Tower, Fan Zhongyan won't go into details. People know me a little, and people know me a little, so they wrote the feeling of going upstairs to see things: "However, there are martial arts in the north and Xiaoxiang in the south, and the poet who moved here must be here. Isn't it strange to see things?" Relocation refers to officials who have been demoted to other places. Qu Yuan once wrote Li Sao, so later generations also called poets poets. Because Dongting Lake is connected to Wuxia in Hubei and Xiaoxiang in the south, Yueyang Tower by the lake is a place where immigrants and poets often gather. Can they feel different when they go upstairs to see the scenery of Dongting Lake? These sentences are the hub of the full text, which naturally leads to the following two paragraphs. The above description of Dongting Lake is objective, and the following are the subjective feelings of imaginative emigrant poets when they view Dongting Lake; The words above are simple, and the words below are eloquent and incisive.
The third paragraph, people who are sad when writing things.
The general idea of this paragraph is: if it is rainy season, it will not clear up for several months in a row; The evil wind roared in the sky, and the turbid waves on the lake vacated; The sun, the moon and the stars cover their brilliance, and the mountains also cover their bodies; Business travelers are afraid to travel, and all ships are damaged; When everything is shrouded in darkness at dusk, only the sound of tigers whistling and apes crying keeps coming into our ears. At this time, when I boarded Yueyang Tower, I felt sad and sad, and I felt even more sad to leave the capital and miss my hometown. I am very worried, afraid of the slander and ridicule of the villain, and I am extremely sad.
The fourth paragraph is happy to write things.
On a mild day in spring, the bright sunshine shines on the calm lake without a ripple. The sky is lined with lake light, which reflects the sky and is green from top to bottom. Sha Ou in the sky flew and stopped, and the fish in the water swam around. The flowers and plants on the shore exude a strong fragrance, which is refreshing. At night, you can also see the smoke on the lake swept away, and the bright moonlight shines thousands of miles; The moonlight is rippling with water waves and shining with golden light. The reflection of the moon is immersed in the water, just like a piece of jade. The fisherman's song duet is full of infinite joy. When you board Yueyang Tower, you will feel relaxed and forget all the honors and disgraces. Raise a glass and drink, laugh at the breeze, and you will only feel extremely gratified and happy.
These two paragraphs are written in sharp contrast. One cloudy and one sunny, one sad and one happy, two contrasts. Emotion moves with the scene, blends with the scene, and has a poetic artistic conception. From these two paragraphs, the last fifth paragraph leads to the main idea of the article. This paragraph denies the two feelings about things written in the first two paragraphs, showing a higher ideological realm.
"Hey, husband!" , is an interjection. The author said with great emotion that I have discovered the inner feelings of ancient people with high morality, which is different from the above two kinds of moods. Their joys and sorrows are not affected by the objective environment and scenery, nor are they changed by personal gains and losses. When you are an official above the temple, you care about the people, lest they be hungry and cold; Retreat from the rivers and lakes and stay away from state affairs is to worry about you, for fear of your loss. Therefore, they are worried about whether they are advancing or retreating, so when will they be happy? They must answer this way: the world is not worried, worry first; The world is happy, and it is happy afterwards; The author said with emotion: Without this person, who would I go with? Expressed his yearning and admiration for this kind of person. The last sentence of the article, "1September 199615th", explains the writing time of this article.
Fan Zhongyan, the author of Yueyang Tower, was born in 989 and died in 1052. The word Wen Xi is from Wuxian, and Wuxian is Suzhou today. He was born in poverty and his father died when he was two years old. When I was young, I stayed in a temple to study. I often do not have enough to eat. I still insist on studying hard day and night, and I have never undressed and slept for five years. Later, China scholars wrote to the emperor many times and put forward many suggestions to get rid of the disadvantages, which were repeatedly relegated by conservative forces. Later, he was responsible for the northwest frontier defense and made great contributions in resisting the invasion of Xixia. He was once transferred back to the imperial court, served as the deputy envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and participated in the discussion of state affairs. However, under the attack and exclusion of conservative forces, he was forced to leave the Song Renzong court for five years. When I wrote Yueyang Tower, I was a magistrate in Dengzhou.
Yueyang Tower is famous first because of its lofty ideological realm. Ouyang Xiu, another famous contemporary writer, said in his inscription that he was interested in the world since he was a child. He often recited to himself: "A scholar worries about the world first, and then enjoys the world." It can be seen that Fan Zhongyan's life code of conduct is "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" mentioned at the end of Yueyang Tower. Mencius said, "Being rich is good for the world, and being poor is good for the world." This has become the creed of many literati in feudal times. When Fan Zhongyan wrote this article, he was demoted to an official and "stayed away from the rivers and lakes". He could have taken an independent attitude and lived a leisurely and happy life. However, he refused to do so, and still took the world as his own responsibility, encouraging himself and his friends with the words "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later", which is commendable.
It is not easy for a person to worry first, but he must be courageous, knowledgeable and ambitious. For a person who worries first and then rejoices, it is even more valuable to enjoy himself after making achievements. The spirit embodied in these two sentences, the quality of suffering first and pleasure second, undoubtedly still has educational significance today.
As far as art is concerned, The Story of Yueyang Tower is also a wonderful work. Here are a few points to talk about:
First, the grand view of Yueyang Tower has been exhausted by predecessors. What's the point of repeating those old sayings? There are two ways to meet this situation. One way is to write conviction, and others say yes, but I won't write it. Another way is to avoid familiarity and find another way. I won't say what others say is bad. I will find a new topic from a new angle and tell my own story. Fan Zhongyan adopted the latter method. The title of the article is "The Story of Yueyang Tower", but it cleverly avoids writing about the building, but writes about Dongting Lake, and writes about the different feelings of the relocated poets who boarded the building when they saw the different scenery of Dongting Lake, so as to set off the so-called "heart of the ancients" in the last paragraph. Fan Zhongyan's ingenuity cannot but be admired.
Second, notes, scenery writing, lyricism and discussion are integrated into one article. Notes are concise, scenery writing is extravagant, lyrical and incisive. There are not many words in the discussion part, but it plays a leading role in the full text, so some people say that this is a unique argumentative paper. The discussion skills in Yueyang Tower are really worth learning.
Third, the language of this article is also very distinctive. Although it is prose, it is interspersed with many four-character antitheses, such as "the sun, the moon and the stars are hidden, and the mountains are hidden." "Swimming in Jinli, Ji Xiang, Sha Ou." "The long smoke is exhausted, and the moon is thousands of miles away; Glimpses, still shadows. " These compound sentence added color to the article. The author is also deeply honed in the use of words, such as the word "title" and "swallow" in two sentences, which just shows the vast momentum of Dongting Lake. "Don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself", and the concise eight words are as inspiring as the motto. "Worry about the world first, and be happy about the world later", which has a rich meaning in just two sentences, and every word has vitality.
In a letter asking Fan Zhongyan to write "The Story of Yueyang Tower", Teng said: "Those who watch the landscape will not see the balcony, but journalists will not see the balcony for a long time." Indeed, Yueyang Tower has become a scenic spot that people yearn for because of this wonderful sketch. The story of Yueyang Tower, like the landscape of Dongting, will always give people good memories.