The thoughts, methods and procedures of medical scientific research (for graduate students majoring in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine) include: the evolution of medical scientific research methodology; Philosophical thinking method of medical scientific research; Basic methods of medical scientific research; Clinical research; Characteristics and methods of drug research; Experimental error and deviation control: writing medical academic papers.
References:
Baidu baike
Thoughts, methods and procedures of medical scientific research
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2. Concepts and methods of medical scientific research
Animal experiment refers to scientific research with animals in the laboratory in order to gain new knowledge about biology and medicine or solve specific problems. Animal experiments must be conducted by or under the guidance of well-trained personnel with research degrees or professional technical ability.
Clinical trial of drugs refers to any systematic study of drugs in human body (patients or healthy volunteers) for the purpose of confirming or discovering the clinical, pharmacological and/or other pharmacodynamic effects, adverse reactions and/or absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of experimental drugs, and for the purpose of determining the safety and effectiveness of experimental drugs.
Definition of creative thinking: creative thinking. Features: seeking the opposite sex, flexibility, jumping, integrity and novelty. Features: realistic, critical, coherent, flexible, jumping and comprehensive. Basic methods: materialist dialectics, holism, model theory, information analysis, causal analysis, problem exploration, interdisciplinary and mathematical methods.
Definition of systematic thinking: a form of thinking based on system theory. Features: purpose, hierarchy, relevance, integrity and adaptability to the environment. Basic principles: integrity principle, optimization principle and modeling principle.
Implementation of the principle of randomness
Randomization is a scientific method to select samples from the population or divide them into several groups.
Specifically, randomization is to ensure that any individual in the group has an equal opportunity to be drawn into the sample and any individual in the sample has an equal opportunity to be assigned to any group.
In the process of randomization, it is not interfered and influenced by any human factors.
The function of randomness is to eliminate the interference and influence of human factors as much as possible and improve the representativeness of samples.
There are many random methods, that is, drawing lots, looking up the "random number table", looking up the "random arrangement table" and using "computer generated pseudo-random numbers" to realize randomization.
Hypothesis scientific hypothesis is a speculative explanation and explanation of unknown natural phenomena and laws based on known scientific knowledge and scientific facts. Features: scientific, speculative, verifiable and dynamic.
Experimental effect Experimental effect is the reaction and result of processing factors acting on the research object, which is reflected by the effect index.
The definition of intuitive thinking refers to a form of thinking that directly understands the essence of things without being bound by some fixed logical rules. Meaning: directly grasp the essence and key of objective things and phenomena. Characteristics of the relationship between intuition and inspiration: spontaneity and jumping, inspiration and fuzziness.
1 the significance of the development of experimental animal science
It is an important part of modern science and technology. It is the foundation and condition of life science. It is an important symbol to measure the scientific research level of a country or a scientific research unit.
2 principles of animal experiment design
1) scientific principles in biological experiments, the occurrence of a life phenomenon often has its complicated causes and consequences, and comprehensive analysis of the problem from different angles is the basic principle of science. For example, the metabolism of substances in the metabolism of green plants involves the participation of various cells, and various substances change in different aspects. The comprehensiveness and scientificity of analyzing problems and designing experiments reflect the rigor of logical thinking. 2) Feasibility principle: In the experimental design, it is feasible from the principle, experimental implementation to the generation of experimental results. 3) Principle of simplicity: When designing experiments, we should consider that experimental materials should be easily available, experimental equipment should be simple, experimental drugs should be cheap, experimental operations should be simple, experimental steps should be few, and experimental time should be short. 4) Repeatability: Repetition, comparison and randomness are the three principles to ensure the accuracy of experimental results. Any experiment should have enough experiments to judge the reliability of the results. It is hasty to design an experiment that can only be carried out once and cannot be repeated to draw a "formal conclusion". 5) Univariate principle No matter how many experimental variables there are in an experiment, it is necessary to determine that one experimental variable corresponds to one observation response variable. This is the univariate principle, which is one of the criteria for dealing with complex relationships in experiments.
3 the principle of topic selection
Choosing a topic is the first and most critical step in scientific research. The topic selection is not only the process of scientific thinking, but also the operation process of scientific research methods. Including: preliminary conception, concise questions, clear questions, construction of theoretical framework, establishment of assumptions, and selection of scientific research topics. In the early stage, we need to search and study a large number of relevant documents and think again and again.
Fill in the blanks: 1 experimental animals, equipment, materials and reagents. We can regard them as the basic elements of experimental research in life science, or AEIR elements for short. These four basic elements are equally important in the whole life science research experiment and cannot be ignored or ignored.
2 characteristics of medical research
creativity
groping
accumulative
right of succession
3. Animal experiment design principles: 1 scientific principle, 2 feasibility principle, 3 simplicity principle, 4 repeatability principle and 5 univariate principle.
4. Three elements of medical scientific research design
Elements of medical scientific research design
Xinjiang medical university college of traditional Chinese medicine
Yang Chen
Three elements
research objects
Processing factor
Experimental effect
5. The characteristics of TCM scientific research are the characteristics of TCM scientific research.
complexity
ethics
complete
practicability
Attach importance to syndrome research