natural resource
Fan Jing has preserved the rare subtropical primary ecosystem in the world, and Fan Jing has preserved the rare subtropical primary ecosystem in the world, with ancient rare species 70 million to 2 million years ago. There are 260 organisms1species, including plants 1.800 species and rare plants under state protection 2 1 species, accounting for 43% of the total protected plants in Guizhou Province. There are 80/kloc-0 species of animals and 382 species of vertebrates, among which 19 species are national key protected animals, accounting for 68% of the total protected animals in Guizhou province. There are many rare species in Fan Jing, such as Guizhou golden monkey and Davidia involucrata.
human history
Fan Jing is a famous cultural mountain with a history of more than 2,000 years in southwest China. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Fan Jing belonged to Chu's "land in the middle of Guizhou", Qin's "county in the middle of Guizhou" and Han's "Wuling County", and it has always been a sacred mountain worshipped by Wu Lingren. [7]
Fan Jing was officially recorded in the annals of history, beginning in the Han Dynasty. Geography of Hanshu called Fan Jing "Three Valley"; The Northern Wei Dynasty's Notes on Water Classics is called "Three Valleys". Yuan and County were renamed "Chen Shan" in Tang Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, Taiping Universe was called "Jones Mountain", and Buddhism was introduced to Fan Jing at this time. In the early Ming Dynasty, Fan Jing was already a famous Buddhist mountain, also known as "Jiulong Mountain", "Fan Weishan" and "Giant Buddha Mountain". [8] In Qing Dynasty, Fan Jing was called "Moon Mirror Mountain" and "Zhuo Mountain".
Introduction to Buddhism
Fan Jing is a famous Millennium Buddhist mountain in southwest China. In Song Dynasty, Buddhism was formally introduced into Fan Jing. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Jones was at the foot of this mountain.
Xiyan Temple, an earlier temple in Guizhou Province (now the suburb of Yinjiang County), has been built in the county. (Daoguang) The Yinjiang County Records records: "Xiyan Temple ... was built in the Song Dynasty." "Sinan Fu Zhi" says: "Xiyan Temple was built in West Wuli (Yinjiang) County in Song Dynasty." "A Survey of Scenic Spots in Guizhou" says: "There are temples in Xiyan and traces in Song Dynasty." Xiyan Temple was built in 965 AD, located in Gande, Zhao Kuangyin, North Song Taizu. It was rebuilt many times in the past dynasties and was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. It is a famous thousand-year-old temple in Guizhou, and is actually a Buddhist ancestral hall in Fan Jing.
The rise of Buddhism
In the early Ming Dynasty, the Ming government mined cinnabar and gold mines in Fanjingshan area and sent officials to supervise them. Fan Jingshan was officially named "Fan Jingshan" because of its magical scenery and flourishing Buddhism, and became the "pure land of Brahma" that monks yearned for, while the people called it "Big Buddha Mountain". In the early Ming Dynasty, in addition to rebuilding Xiyan Temple in Fan Jingshan, temples such as Tianma Temple were also built. In Yongle 1 1 year of Ming Dynasty (14 13), Sinan Tusi and Sizhou Tusi competed for cinnabar, and the Ming government changed its soil and set up Sinan, Tongren, Songtao and Shiqian in Fanjing Mountain. In the same year, Guizhou Province was formally established.
Two hundred years later, during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Fan Jing was called a "scenic spot" because of his ancient Buddhist temple. Qian Ji (1608), written by Guizhou Governor Guo (now Jiangxi), contains the cloud of mountains: "Fan Jingshan is the first in Guizhou, comparable to the rooftop." At the end of Ming Dynasty, Zhejiang poet Xie Guogeng lived in seclusion in Fan Jing after failing to resist Qing Dynasty, calling himself "Tiantai Yi people".
Buddhist culture
Fan Jing has rich Buddhist culture.
temple
There are many temples built in the past dynasties, including hundreds of large and small temples, of which the four major temples and the forty-eight temples are the most famous. The four major temples are
Huguo Temple, one of the great temples in Huang An, covers an area of 3,000 square meters and covers more than 30 miles in Fiona Fang. The Sakyamuni Hall and the Maitreya Hall were built in the Ming Dynasty, on the Jinding, with the Sakyamuni Hall on the left, the Maitreya Hall on the right and the Golden Knife Gorge in the middle. The overpass spans the canyon and connects the two halls. There is a boulder behind the temple, a platform for sunbathing and a platform for talking. This group of buildings is located at the top of Fanjing Mountain, facing a deep valley of 1000 meters. Looking at it, you can see it in a hundred miles, which is very spectacular. Cheng 'en Temple (commonly known as Shangchatang) is located on the left side of Jinding, with three halls, the front door engraved with the word "Cheng 'en Temple", and eight halls on both sides, with only part of the walls reserved, with a total construction area of 1 0,250 square meters. Zhenguo Temple (commonly known as Xiacha Temple) was built under Cheng 'en Temple in Ming Dynasty and collapsed in 1950s. There are many ancient temples in Jinding, and there are many sites such as Huixiangping, Laojinding and Tongyuantang. Unfortunately, there are few written materials.
Shibeiya
The stele "Preface to Rebuilding Fan Jing's Jinding" is located at the foot of the old Jinding, 500 meters northeast of Jinding, with an altitude of 2270 meters. It was built in the forty-sixth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 16 18). The stele is in the form of an ancient abutment, and the column cap has fallen off, but the stele-embedded stone workshop, drum-shaped foot guard and thick abutment are still intact. The forehead is engraved with the word "gift", so it is commonly known as the gift tablet. It is forbidden to cut down the mountain forest stone tablet, * * * two pieces, which are engraved with the Twelve Years of Qing Daoguang respectively 1832). /kloc-In February, the notice signed by Lin Qing, Governor of Guizhou Province, and Li Wengeng, Judge of Guizhou Province, was processed. /kloc-0 was listed as a provincial-level protected cultural relic in September, 1985.
Fanjingshan memorial tablet
The full name of the memorial tablet is "Rebuilding Fan Jingjin's Dingxu Monument", which was built during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Located at the top of the old well in Fanjingshan, it is 2.9m high,1.85m high and 1.5 1 m wide, and carved vertically. The inscription is in regular script, 1349, including 838 words in preface and 5 16 words in annex. Its beautiful inscription is Fan Jingshan's eternal swan song. [ 1 1]
bridge
The stone arch bridge across Jindaoxia flies to thousands of feet, which is very spectacular. The width of the bridge deck is1.86m, the length is 5.4 1 m, and the arch span is 5m. It should have been built in the same era as Sakyamuni and Maitreya. The second overpass is in Jindingyao, with a height of 3.9 meters and a width of 3 meters. Repaired in the 9th year of Yongzheng (173 1). These two bridges are well preserved to this day.
cave
Guanyin Cave is located in the depression of Jinding Mid-Levels, with stone walls outside and lava springs spewing out, which belongs to the sacrificial place of Jinding Mid-Levels. Jiuhuang Cave is a natural cave about 1 km north of Jinding, with an area of 100 square meters. It is said that the entrance of Jiuhuangniang's practice place is made of stone, and there is Jiuhuangniang's dressing well and grinding stone in the cave.
The fifth is Qifeng Shi Jing. Jinding is about 90 meters high and 2493 meters above sea level. The crack in the middle is called Jindaoxia, which divides Jinding into two parts and connects them with an overpass. Around Jinding, ten thousand volumes of scriptures, mushroom stones, eagle stones and "wash your hands in the golden basin" are lifelike. The old Jinding has a variety of styles, and tind sets each other off. It is necessary that Prince Shi Yifeng of Oxtail Valley in Baizhang Abyss stand tall.
Sea of clouds and waves
Looking from Jinding, white clouds are boundless, and the dense places are like newly accumulated flocs; When sparse, it looks like a thin washed gauze. Faced with this situation, the Qing people have a poem: "In a blink of an eye, the clouds meet, move out of thin air, and become immortal."
Phantom of Buddha light
Before 9: 00 a.m. or after 4: 00 p.m. in Chu Qing after the rain, colorful rings appeared in the clouds opposite the sun, with figures embedded in them and people moving. In the night when the fire is shining, there will be a projection dozens of times higher than people in the dense fog, which is the phantom.
Eight is the red leaves of mountain flowers. Fan Jing's red flowers and green leaves are unbeaten in four seasons. Davidia involucrata, Rhododendron and Magnolia grandiflora are graceful in the vast forest and open in turn all year round. Tourists are fascinated by the sea of flowers. For hundreds of years, good men and women from Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Fujian and other countries have come to worship in an endless stream. "Cui Wei does not reduce the five mountains, and the supernatural spreads for a hundred years" and "The city is natural" show the grand occasion of Buddhism at that time.
Fan Jing, from Jinding Cliff Stone Carving to Temple Ruins, from folktales to folk customs, is full of Buddhist culture. Although, due to human activities in modern society, forests and animals have been greatly reduced, the reputation of being known as the "emerald" of the earth for its original ecology and rare animals and plants such as Guizhou golden monkey and Davidia involucrata has been greatly increased. It has become an important destination for Buddhist cultural tourism and eco-tourism in China.
Maitreya bodhisattva
Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the legends of Maitreya and Fan Jing have been widely circulated among local people. The ancients built two halls, Sakyamuni and Maitreya, on the new Jinding, as the highest symbols of Buddhism in Fan Jing. Maitreya and Fan Jing were recorded in the Ming Dynasty's "Ci Ci Ci Bei", and Fan Jing was called "a paradise with boundless Buddhism".
During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty and the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Fan Jingshan was sealed twice, asking the government to protect Fan Jingshan's "one main hall, four royal halls and forty-eight foot halls", and the "Dusi Yamen" was established in the late Qing Dynasty to protect it.
The magical natural landscape proves the Maitreya Dojo in Fan Jingshan. Wonderful "Buddha's Light" and "Phantom" can often be seen near the old and new Jinding. The ancients believed that "Buddha's light" and "phantom" were "Maitreya Buddha's manifestation" and bowed down devoutly. In addition, from the "Buddha worship platform" on the Chaoshan ancient road on the west road, Fan Jing presents a scene of three statues of Maitreya juxtaposed: the old Jinding is a seated statue of Maitreya, the new Jinding is a golden monkey worshipping Maitreya, and the three main peaks are connected to form a 10,000-meter-long reclining statue of Maitreya. Zhang Ke, a famous late writer, looked at Fan Jing from Mituo Temple in Yinjiang County, more than a hundred miles away, and also found that Jinding was a huge statue of Maitreya Buddha.
In view of this, Hui Hai, president of Guizhou Buddhist Association, re-identified Fan Jingshan as Maitreya Dojo. Qi, deputy director of the State Bureau of Religious Affairs, and Master Xue Cheng, vice president and secretary general of the Chinese Buddhist Association, visited.
On September 23rd, 2004, "China Fan Jing Buddhist Culture Seminar" was held in Huguo Temple in Yinjiang. Lin Wei, Vice President and Secretary General of the Chinese Buddhist Association, delivered a speech on behalf of the Chinese Buddhist Association, saying, "Fan Jingshan is a famous Maitreya Bodhisattva Dojo in China, and it is a China Buddhism with the same reputation as Manjushri Dojo in Wutai Mountain, Sichuan Emei Bodhisattva Dojo, Jiuhuashan Bodhisattva Dojo in Anhui Province and Guanyin Bodhisattva Dojo in Putuo Mountain, Zhejiang Province.
May 65438+May 2005, on the eighth day of April in the ancient calendar, in order to commemorate Sakyamuni's 2549th birthday, the first "Buddha Birthday Festival of Huguo Temple in Fan Jing, China" was held in Yinjiang. They fully affirmed Fan Jing's position in the history of Buddhism in China. Master Xuecheng once again affirmed Fan Jing as "the five famous Buddhist mountains in China" and personally inscribed the name of "Fan Jing Maitreya Bodhisattva Dojo". The monument stands in Huguo Temple in Yinjiang County. Together with more than ten newly unearthed Ming Buddha statues in the temple, it can be called "the treasure of the town hall".