In what international situation did Ito Bowen and Li Hongzhang sign the Tianjin Treaty?

Ito Bowen has always advocated taking a tough stance on China and North Korea, and he hopes that this negotiation will win more benefits for Japan in North Korea. But as a diplomat, he had to consider Japan's strength and the international situation unfavorable to Japan, because when Ito Bowen sat down at the negotiating table to talk with Li Hongzhang, a representative of the Qing government, Britain {Israel had occupied Juwen Island, enough to control Ma Haixia, and Russia also attempted to repeat the history of the occupation of Tsushima Island at the end of the shogunate. The situation is likely to evolve into Britain and Russia dividing up North Korea, and Japan's painstaking efforts in North Korea for many years may also be wasted. In this case, Ito Bowen tried his best. After five talks, we finally signed the Tianjin Treaty with Li Hongzhang on April 18, 2008.