Countries that believe in Islam have Ramadan every year, and Ramadan is calculated according to the hijri calendar. You can't eat or drink after sunset and before sunrise in Ramadan, so you should try to avoid this time when visiting. Devout Muslims pray to the holy city of Mecca five times a day, that is to say, there are morning rituals, ringing rituals, chest rituals (from 3: 00 to 5: 00 every day), faint rituals and night rituals. They (Muslims) all bring their own carpets and worship in the direction of Mecca at midnight. In this case, you should understand, don't be curious, don't watch the fun, don't laugh at others, and pay attention to avoid the direction they worship. Islamic countries stipulate that Friday is a rest day, and people usually go to mosques to worship. If Friday happens, people should pay attention to this custom. Pay attention to arranging time for people to worship God. Take off your shoes before entering the mosque, and be careful not to wear out your socks when visiting the mosque.
Muslims generally believe that the left hand is dirty, and it is taboo to pass things, especially food, with the left hand. When you are a guest in a Muslim home, the host sometimes grabs some meat and rice with his right hand and gives it to everyone. At this time, don't refuse, don't show embarrassment and don't want to accept. When accepting the host's tea, we generally think it is more civilized to accept tea with both hands, but in Muslim countries, you should pay attention not to accept tea with both hands, but with your right hand. Be careful not to use your left hand when handing things to Muslims. In some Islamic countries, such as Iran and Saudi Arabia, women must wear Chadou, a black robe that can cover their head and body. Now some young girls don't like to wear this kind of thing, because it is inconvenient, so they wear a man boy, which is a loose robe similar to a raincoat. Although foreign women are not forced to wear Chadou or mantong, they must wear a black headscarf, usually black, white and brown, and their hair should be completely wrapped. If you wear a dress, you must wear long sleeves, not tight, no lines, and plain colors. If you wear a skirt, you should wear dark stockings. If it is light, it can't be transparent. In addition, women cannot shake hands with men. If they forget to reach out for a while, they will turn their hands into greeting gestures.
1. Buddhist customs and habits
Countries in Asia that believe in Buddhism are Japan, Thailand and Bhutan. In some countries, such as North Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Singapore, Myanmar, Cambodia and Sri Lanka, only most people believe in Buddhism.
1) taboo
Do not drink; There are no colorful clothes and no makeup crystals; Don't listen to songs and dances; Don't sleep in a high bed; Don't eat after noon; Do not store treasures; Do not touch the meat.
2) Etiquette
A ceremony between believers or when meeting others is called fighting or crossing hands. When closing, put your hands together, put your fingers up on your chest and say "Amitabha" in your mouth to show your respect. If you kneel at the same time when folding, it will be a big gift.
2. Islamic customs
There are 28 countries in Asia that believe in Islam with a population of 835 million, accounting for 26% of the total population in Asia. The religious taboos and living habits of Muslims are as follows:
First, fast pork, and avoid using leather sofas, brushes and leather shoes related to pigs.
Second, it is forbidden to drink alcohol.
Third, fast fierce birds and animals, animals with strange shapes.
Edible animals include ruminants and herbivores, as well as poultry that feed on millet, such as cattle, sheep, camels, deer, rabbits, chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, fish and shrimp.
5. Men are forbidden to wear silk and gold ornaments.
6. Women are forbidden to wear revealing clothes.
Etiquette related to social occasions.
If the female guest of the other party does not appear; China female guests don't have to appear; For female guests, it is best not to take the initiative to shake hands with them: kissing is limited to intimate male guests; Don't put wine on the banquet, you can put mineral water and juice; Beef and mutton in dishes should be slaughtered halal food, and don't blindly worship gifts.
8. Gambling, idolatry and lottery tickets are prohibited.
Smoking is not allowed in the mosque. Men should dress neatly and don't wear shorts.
Business customs and habits in Southeast Asia and Buddhist countries
Buddhism and its main customs;
Buddhism, as one of the three major religions in the world, is also the oldest religion in the world. Founded in the 6th century BC, it is mainly popular in China, Japanese, Indian, Thai, Cambodian, Singaporean and other Asian countries. In recent years, some countries in Eastern Europe and America began to believe in Buddhism. Headquartered in Bangkok, Thailand, the World Buddhist Association is a worldwide Buddhist organization. Buddhism is divided into Mahayana, Hinayana, Tantric sects and Lamaism. Monks and nuns live in temples and buddhist nun respectively, and are called "monks" or "nuns"; Buddhists who don't become monks are called laymen. There are many Buddhist precepts, the most basic of which are not killing, stealing, lewdness, drinking and lying, which are called "Five Commandments". Some Buddhists are vegetarians all the year round and don't eat meat, while others eat "Hua Zhai". During fasting, they don't eat fish, onions, garlic, peppers and other spicy food. The most important festival in Buddhism is Buddha's Birthday Festival, also known as Bathing Buddha Festival or Water Splashing Festival, which is popular in some countries in East and Southeast Asia. In some areas influenced by Buddhism, such as Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam and Sikkim, people attach great importance to people's heads and despise people's feet, and avoid touching people's heads with their hands, even to children's heads. Avoid putting your feet up, and don't point your feet at people.
Business customs and habits of Southeast Asian countries;
Singapore, Singapore businessmen are humble, honest, civilized and polite. They generally show three characteristics at the negotiating table: first, they are cautious and do not do uncertain business; Second, keep your promise, as long as the contract is signed, it will be earnestly fulfilled; Third, pay attention to "face", especially for the older generation, "face" often plays a decisive role. Singaporeans are forbidden to say "congratulations on getting rich"; It is considered that "getting rich" refers to "ill-gotten wealth" and is an insult and abuse to others. Men with long hair are not welcome in Singapore. Singapore pays attention to environmental protection, civilization and hygiene. Spitting in Singapore will be fined S $200, and throwing cigarette butts everywhere will be fined S $65,438+0,000 (equivalent to the average person's monthly income).
Thailand, Thai businessmen like honesty and human touch. In Thailand, Buddha and king are supreme; The head is sacred; Besides walking, you'd better not act rashly, or you may offend your friends without knowing it. When Thai people meet, it is common to cross their hands and hold them between their foreheads and chests. The higher the palm of your hand, the higher the degree of respect, but people with high status and the elderly can't return the gift with their wrists higher than their chests. Thais like elephants and peacocks, white elephants are regarded as national treasures, and lotus flowers are their favorite flowers. They like red and yellow, especially blue, as symbols of "peace". They don't use red pens to sign words and dog designs.
Indonesia, 90% people in Indonesia are Muslims. The best time to go to Indonesia for business talks is from September to June, because most Indonesian businessmen go out for the summer in July and August. Indonesian businessmen attach great importance to the spirit of mutual assistance in the industry, treat people with courtesy and do not speak ill of others, but it is difficult for them to become bosom friends. Once a heart-to-heart friendship is established, it is easier and more reliable to cooperate with it. Liking home visits is an important feature of Indonesian businessmen, and home visits are an effective means to negotiate business smoothly with Indonesian businessmen. Indonesia is a multi-ethnic country, and many ethnic groups have their own special etiquette and taboos. If you go to Indonesia, you'd better know these manners first.
Vietnam, in Vietnam, if you meet people of your own age, don't call them "sir", "miss" and "grandfather", let alone "big brother" and "big sister", but politely call them "second brother" and "second sister". Vietnamese are very hospitable. When you visit some mountainous areas in the south, you can drink "the same altar wine" with them, and you must drink it on the first lap. If you can't drink well, you can stop drinking with your right hand clenched. But outsiders are not allowed to enter villages with green branches at intersections and families with green branches at the door; Dai people are afraid of the names of things emphasized by surnames.
Myanmar is called "the country of stupas". No matter who enters the stupa or temple, even some people have to take off their shoes and enter barefoot; Think that cows are loyal friends and eating beef is ungrateful; It is believed that "the right is big, the left is small", "the right is expensive, and the left is cheap", and the principle of "men are right and women are left" should be observed at all times; On Sundays, people are forbidden to give things to others, and on Tuesdays, they are forbidden to do things. When you sleep, your head must face the east, and the east stands for light.
In Malaysia, Islam is its national religion. The best time to do business with Malaysia is from March to July every year, because most businessmen take vacations from 1 1 month to February the following year, and they should also pay attention to avoid Ramadan and major traditional festivals. Malaysians love green and avoid yellow; Taboo number is 0,413; The forbidden animals are pigs and dogs, but they like cats very much.
Philippines. Most people believe in Catholicism, and the culture has obvious Spanish color. However, most residents in the southern Philippines believe in Islam and follow Islamic rules.