As in modern times, it can be regarded as an ancient "college entrance examination" after obtaining the provincial examination, and the most important procedure after the examination is marking papers. However, the papers given to examiners in ancient times were not the original papers of candidates, but were specially treated. At that time, there was a set of strict anti-cheating regulations, and the requirements in the marking stage were even stricter. On-site invigilators, after rolling the paper, first give it to the paper sealer, fold and cover up the personal information such as the candidate's name and place of origin on the paper, seal it with blank paper, and then affix the riding seal. This program is called "Paste Name", which means hiding personal information including the candidate's name. Now the college entrance examination paper also adopts this method, the difference is that it is no longer pasted, but directly bound and sealed with a stapler. 2. After the "labeling", there is a more important "easy copy", which is to arrange a special person to copy the sealed test paper truthfully. In order to prevent copying mistakes, the daily workload of copywriters is limited. According to the regulations of the Qing dynasty, each person can only copy three test papers every day. So every exam needs a lot of copywriters. The specific number will be determined according to the number of candidates in this session, ranging from thousands to hundreds. The whole process mentioned above is called "pasting the name and changing the book". This anti-cheating marking method appeared in the fourth year of Jingde, Song Zhenzong (A.D. 1007). Its purpose is of course to prevent candidates from colluding with the examiner, leaving marks on the test paper, or the examiner cheating by recognizing that he is familiar with the examiner's handwriting. 3. Staff are not allowed to bring pens and signature pens into the meeting. Some people may say, in this case, isn't it easy for the transcriber to help cheat? Yes, it did happen. Therefore, in fact, the scribe was not a beautiful calligrapher in those days. In order to prevent the transcriber from tampering, there is a set of strict rules on the transcription procedure. The staff of the academic palace (educational institution) in this province should be avoided. Generally, the staff who are transcribers are temporarily transferred. Specifically, it was transferred from bookkeepers in various prefectures and counties (equivalent to civil servants such as secretaries today). Anyone who enters the venue as an impostor or changes the usurper on behalf of others, once found out, will be hell to pay. Another important rule is that scribes are not allowed to bring ink and pens into the meeting place. When copying test papers, use cinnabar red pens uniformly, and the number of papers used should be consistent with the color of ink. Now you can see that some top papers are written in red, that's all. The examinee's original volume is written in black ink, so it is called "ink volume"; The copied papers are all written in red ink, so they are called "Zhu Juan". 4. After the transcription is completed, it is necessary to read it. The so-called proofreading, that is, proofreading today, means that the proofreader gives the ink roll and the ink roll to the students for proofreading. After proofreading is completed, the proofreader will stamp the test paper (customs clearance). The educational level of students is much higher than that of transcribers, so this position is generally held by scholars (students) with good grades. There are generally 200 to 300 people in each provincial and township examination. When they are short of manpower, they transfer their high-level scholars to serve. It's really not enough, and sometimes poor scholars in society are asked for temporary help. There are at least six people in charge of each link on each paper, and the marking procedure in ancient times is more complicated than today. All the responsibilities are implemented to specific people, and every procedure is supervised. So there are at least six people in charge of each link on each volume. The names and places of origin of the scribes and students should also be left, and marks should be made at the end of the ink roll for inspection. In the Qing Dynasty, the marking work was further standardized and divided into two schools, namely, the so-called "insider officials" and "outside officials". The above-mentioned external officials, sealing officials, copying officials and reading officials all belong to the external curtain officials. All the staff, whether the curtain officer or the curtain officer, live in the examination room. Take jiangnan province, including Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, as an example. At that time, the candidates in the whole province were concentrated in the "Jiangnan Gongyuan" examination room located in today's Confucius Temple in Nanjing. Naturally, the marks are also concentrated here. 5. Most of the marking staff are overworked, and the first impression determines the fate of the test paper, which will be distributed to the marking staff for marking. The examination papers are distributed by lottery under the supervision of the examiner and the examiner, so the examiner doesn't know which candidate's examination papers have been changed. The marking staff will recommend the favorite papers read for the first time to the same examiner. This kind of paper is called "recommended paper". The examiner is an associate examiner. If he likes any letter of recommendation, he will mark it with the word "take"-that's probably how the so-called "admission" in the modern college entrance examination came about. The paper marked "take" will be sent to the examiner, which will ultimately decide the fate of the candidates. If the examiner also likes it, he will recognize the word "Zhong" on the test paper-the origin of "Zhong" should come from this. Just like today, all previous dynasties have strict regulations on marking time, requiring that marking be completed within a certain period of time. Taking the Qing Dynasty as an example, the time limit for marking papers is 10 day. This 10 day also includes the time before sealing, copying and reading. In the meantime, it takes a lot of time to invite people to dinner, so the real marking time is still quite tight, but it will only take three or four days. Therefore, at that time, examiners generally had to read twenty papers a day, with thirty or forty more, and ordinary examiners had to read more papers, so most of them were overloaded. It can be seen that in ancient times when there was no modern computer-aided marking, the marking staff simply had no time to read every test paper carefully. In order to speed up the marking and complete the work stipulated by the court on time, the marking staff also tried their best. One of the most important means is to look at the "first impression", that is, focus on the examinee's first examination paper, which is what the ancients said, "stop at the front yard and stop at the meaning of the book." Under normal circumstances, if candidates do well in the first exam, they will get a "high score" when marking papers-if the comments are good, they will basically be on the list. But if you fail in the first exam, even if you do well in the last two games, you may lose your reputation in Sun Shan. Therefore, the candidates at that time paid special attention to answering the questions in the first exam. 6. There are also humanized regulations-it can be said that there are many subjective factors in ancient marking than in modern times, which have a great influence on candidates' grades. Many students who failed were missed by irresponsible marking staff. Therefore, some examiners with a strong sense of responsibility will randomly check the "failing papers" that have not been tested, and the examiners also have the right to read the recommended papers that have not been "taken away" by the deputy examiners for review. In addition, there is a more humane regulation-allowing students who fail to check papers, which is also a good way to supervise the marking staff. If the excellent papers are not graded well, once the candidates petition, they will be in big trouble and the responsible person will be punished by the court. During the marking process, the ink roll has been stored in the outer curtain and kept by the outer palm. After all the marking work is finished, the original paper will be transferred out against the accepted Zhu Juan, and the personal information of the candidates will be found out, and the names of the list will be filled in. Next, it's time to publish the admission list. After the list is published, the accepted Zhu Juan and Mo Juan will be regrouped and sent to the Ministry of Ritual (equivalent to the current Ministry of Education) for review. At this time, the unsuccessful candidates can check the papers. Generally, within 10 days after the test results are published, candidates who fail the test can check the papers themselves. There will be the examiner's comments on the test paper. At first glance, you will understand why you were not admitted, and it is also a dead end.