There are many factors that lead to high housing prices: rigid housing demand and housing shortage are the main reasons. If the contradiction between supply and demand is not fundamentally solved, it is difficult to achieve the expected goal by taking other measures to regulate housing prices.
Regulating housing prices is a serious problem facing the country, and it is difficult to solve it by only a few departments. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council should make unified arrangements, comprehensively analyze the current situation of China's economic and urban development, and fully consider the huge housing demand brought about by China's urbanization process. I suggest the state take the following measures: 1.
Increase land supply
China has a large population and little arable land. If the economy wants to develop, the people also want to eat. It is indeed a contradiction that urban development needs to occupy a large amount of cultivated land. However, the degree of urbanization in China will eventually reach the level of western developed countries. At that time, the cultivated land will not decrease, but will increase. Because after the rural population is transferred to the city, most of its remaining homesteads will be converted into cultivated land. The reduction of cultivated land is only temporary. As long as we increase investment in agriculture, improve agricultural infrastructure and increase and stabilize grain output, China people's food problem will not be affected for the time being. To solve the current situation that the housing supply is in short supply, the state must increase the supply of land to stabilize housing prices. 2.
Reform the land circulation system
When local governments auction land, the higher the land price, the higher the speculation. On the one hand, land is sold at a high price, on the other hand, it is a contradiction in itself, which puts the country in a dilemma. To solve this problem, we must change the land circulation system. Land circulation is combined with taxation. That is, the government determines the transfer price of basic land, which is equal to or slightly greater than the cost of land acquisition and demolition. The government obtains fiscal revenue in the form of taxes. On the one hand, according to the profits of real estate developers, the corresponding taxes and tax percentages are formulated, and high taxes are levied on real estate profiteering; On the other hand, for property buyers, a certain land use tax is levied every year according to the housing area and per square meter, and the tax collection period is the same as the service life of the house. According to the different qualifications of real estate development enterprises, the government decides who can get the land development right in the corresponding area by drawing lots. The advantages of changing the one-time land transfer fee from the government to long-term installment tax payment are: reducing house prices, relieving the pressure of people buying houses, curbing real estate speculation, reducing the risk of real estate investment, allowing local governments to collect taxes for a long time and stabilizing fiscal revenue.
3. It is forbidden to hoard and speculate on land, and levy high taxes on real estate speculation.
Real estate development enterprises should complete real estate development within the specified time after obtaining land development rights, and developers who fail to do so will be punished; If the developer does not, the government will recover the land and the land transfer fee paid by the government will not be refunded. According to the relationship between supply and demand in the housing market, the government controls land and regulates housing prices by increasing or decreasing land supply, which is a very effective regulation measure. Cancel the business tax on second-hand houses, but levy a high tax on the huge profits gained from real estate speculation (calculated by profit).
4. Reduce the entry threshold of the real estate industry.
Improve service awareness and treat every real estate development enterprise fairly; Encourage state-owned enterprises, private enterprises and private enterprises to enter the real estate market, establish a free competition mechanism, break the current pattern of relative monopoly of real estate, and fundamentally curb real estate profiteering. The author disapproves of SASAC ordering 78 state-owned enterprises to withdraw from the real estate market, which will create conditions for real estate monopoly. Real estate profiteering is caused by monopoly, not by free competition.
5. Adjust the policy of land requisition and demolition to reduce the cost of land development.
The compensation standard for land acquisition and demolition in China is based on the actual area of ground appendages or buildings. If the plastic shed is built on cultivated land, the compensation standard is high; The larger the building area on the homestead, the higher the compensation standard. In order to get more compensation, farmers and citizens rushed to build plastic greenhouses or houses before land acquisition and demolition. The national land requisition and demolition lags behind in time. Shortly after the national land acquisition and demolition, the greenhouses and houses built by surprise were demolished, causing great waste. The government spends a lot of money, but the people who are expropriated and demolished get more compensation, excluding the investment cost of rushing to build, but the actual compensation is not much. This inhuman regulation is not good for the country and the people, but creates opportunities for speculators to transfer funds. In order to reduce the cost, we can consider raising the compensation standard of ordinary cultivated land, and the plastic greenhouse built by it will be compensated according to the cost; Or improve the compensation standard for bungalows, gradually reduce the compensation standard for the second and third floors, and minimize waste, which can not only reduce the contradiction of land acquisition and demolition, but also reduce the money of the people, and the state does not necessarily spend more. 6.
Change the urban development model and increase investment in road network and infrastructure.
Housing demand makes the urban area expand continuously, but the disadvantage of the urban development model from the inside out is that highway construction always lags behind urban construction, with expressways but no high-speed vehicles. Traffic congestion makes the urban development space relatively narrow; It is difficult for residents in the suburbs of the city to commute. Many citizens would rather buy a house at a high price in the city center than at a low price in the suburbs. but
The limited housing supply in the downtown area is in short supply, which leads to the rise of housing prices; In addition, the demolition of old houses or the demolition of old buildings to build new houses is also a great waste, which is not conducive to alleviating the current housing shortage. Changing the urban development model means changing the development model from the inside out to the outside in. Build expressways or light rails in different directions of the city and improve infrastructure (water supply, sewage treatment, electricity, gas, optical cable communication, etc.). ) is a huge investment, but it can basically be recovered through the appreciation (or tax increase) of peripheral land. This model can expand the urban development space several times and ten times, and meet the housing demand to the maximum extent. In addition to first-tier cities, second-and third-tier cities in China are still developing rapidly. In order to make the city have more room for development and avoid urban traffic congestion, the development mode of the city must be changed from the inside out.
7. Building a satellite city
Even if the land permits, the city cannot expand indefinitely. Urban water use, sewage discharge, garbage disposal and environmental pollution will also become social problems that are difficult to solve. China has a large population, and the rural population is gradually shifting to cities, so the demand for housing is infinite. Limited urban space can never meet unlimited demand, and it is difficult to solve housing demand simply by relying on big cities. Therefore, relying on big cities, building satellite cities around them, connecting them with expressways, light rails or railways, and building a high-speed transportation network are also important measures to solve the rigid demand for housing. 8.
Reduce the cost of housing corruption
Construction land provided by the government should be planned and approved in advance. After the real estate development enterprise obtains the land development, it only develops and does not need to worship Buddha in all directions. Try to reduce the extra burden on enterprises, do not give corrupt elements the opportunity to eat, take and need, and let enterprises operate in a relaxed environment. With low construction costs, house prices are naturally low. 9.
Gradually change the status quo of unbalanced economic development.
Unbalanced economic development makes second-and third-tier cities have low wages and employment difficulties. A large number of rural laborers and college graduates are willing to work and develop in first-tier cities. The population of first-tier cities has greatly increased, thus increasing the demand for housing, which will inevitably lead to an increase in housing prices. To alleviate the pressure of rising housing prices in first-tier cities, it is necessary to develop the economy of second-and third-tier cities and make the rural population transfer to various cities in a balanced way. 10.
Cancel affordable housing and affordable housing, and build more low-rent housing or low-rent housing.
The scale and quantity of affordable housing and affordable housing can not restrain high housing prices and solve many social problems caused by high housing prices. Because of seniority, it is difficult for people who really need to enjoy preferential policies to do so. Most affordable housing is sold to government officials, who are not necessarily short of housing, but enjoy the superiority of socialism; The affordable housing allocated to the common people is inevitably operated behind closed doors, resulting in unfair housing allocation. The disadvantages outweigh the advantages, and affordable housing may not be able to protect ordinary people. Therefore, it is recommended to cancel.