Draw boats, shops, bridges, streets and battlements. His paintings are unique and unique. Most of Zhang Zeduan's paintings are scattered, and only The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is well preserved. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Bianjing was extremely prosperous, with four rivers passing through the city and four land routes. It used to be the national land and water transportation center, ranking first in the country in commercial development, with a population of more than 654.38+0 million. There are many lively markets, shops and even night markets in Bianjing City. On holidays, the capital is even more lively. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival shows the land and water transportation and busy market in the capital of Northern Song Dynasty. Before the Northern Song Dynasty, China's figure painting was dominated by religion and aristocratic life. Although Zhang Zeduan worked in the Hanlin Painting Academy, his works were all called "courtyard paintings" or "courtyard paintings", but he extended his brush to the lives of people from all walks of life and created social genre paintings describing urban and rural life. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival draws a large number of various figures. Moreover, the movements and expressions of each character in Zhang Zeduan are vivid. This fully shows that Zhang Zeduan's life is very rich and his creative skills are very skillful.
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After completing this long scroll praising the era and history of peace and prosperity, Zhang Zeduan first presented it to Song Huizong. Song Huizong became the first collector of this painting. As a master of calligraphy and painting in the history of China, Song Huizong loved this painting very much. He wrote the words "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" in his famous "Shoujin Style" calligraphy, and made a seal script of Shuanglong (now lost). This masterpiece, which is well-known at all times and at home and abroad, has been played and appreciated by countless collectors and connoisseurs for more than 800 years after its appearance, and it is the goal pursued by later emperors and dignitaries. It went from one place to another and experienced many wars and disasters ... It entered the palace five times and was stolen from the palace four times. After many disasters, it interpreted many legendary stories. In the third year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1524), the riverside scene in Qingming Festival was transferred to the hand of Changzhou native Lu Wan (Lu Wan was a scholar of Chenghua (1465 ~ 1488), and his rank was as follows: Prince Shao Bao of the Ministry of War, with a heavy name). Li Rihua's Wei Shui Xuan Diary in the Ming Dynasty records that after Lu Wan's death, his wife sewed the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival into her pillow, never leaving her body, and regarded her as her own life, even her own son could not see her. Mrs. Lu has an unmarried nephew named Wang, who has a clever speech and is very popular with her. Wang is good at painting and prefers celebrity calligraphy and painting, so he tried his best to ask his wife to borrow The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. After repeated entreaties, the lady reluctantly agreed, but he was not allowed to bring a pen and inkstone. He is only allowed to enjoy it in the lady's attic and is not allowed to pass it on to others. Wang Xinran did it. After two or three months, he watched it for more than a dozen times, and actually copied a somewhat similar painting. At that time, the treacherous court official Yan Song, who had a high eye but a low hand, was looking around for the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. Quan Wang, the independent suggestion, bought a fake from Wang Mai for 800 taels of silver and presented it to Yan Song. Tomson, a framer in Yan Song, recognized the painting as a fake, so he blackmailed Wang Tong and asked him to pay 40 taels of silver to bribe himself, but Wang Tong ignored him. Tomson became angry from embarrassment. When he gave a banquet in Yan Song to celebrate, he washed away the old color in the painting with water. Yan Song was greatly embarrassed in front of everyone, and then he found a way to kill Wang Tuan. Wang, who copied this painting, was also implicated, arrested and starved to death in prison. In fact, after Lu's death, his son was in a hurry to use money, so he sold The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival to Gu's house in Kunshan, which was forced by Yan Song and his son. Before that, Yan Song did ask Wang Huan to buy a "famous painting", and Wang Huan did buy a painting by Suzhou Wang Biao as a gift for Yan Song, only to find out later. In Qin Long, Yan Song and his son were impeached by Zou Yinglong, and the officialdom finally fell out of power. Yan Shifan was beheaded, Yan Fu was copied, and The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was once again included in the palace. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was first written by Lu (a native of Xiangxiang, Anhui Province) in the late Qing Dynasty. Lu Feiyong was a scholar during the Qianlong period. After he got the painting, he also wrote an inscription on it. Bi yuan bought it. Bi Yuan (1730 ~ 1797), a native of Zhenyang (now Taicang, Jiangsu), was a scholar in Qianlong for twenty-five years (1760). Bi Yuan loved epigraphy and calligraphy all his life, and he had a rich collection of books at home. After the painting "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" was won, I learned from it with my brother Bi Long (a connoisseur of collections in Qing Dynasty), and now the painting is marked by two people. When Bi Yuan worked in Guanzhong, he devoted himself to restoring and protecting local cultural relics, but these became his "crimes". Shortly after Bi Yuan's death, Huguang people revolted against the Qing Dynasty. The Qing court believed that during his tenure as governor of Huguang, Bi Yuan not only took Gaby's post, but also killed all his family members, and his property was stolen into the palace. After the Qing court put the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival into the palace, it was placed in Yingchun Pavilion in the Forbidden City. Emperor Jiaqing cherished it and ordered it to be included in the third edition of Shiqu Baodi. Since then, the Riverside Map on the Qingming Festival has been kept in the Qing Palace. Although the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing twice in 1860 and Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing twice in 1900, they both escaped the disaster and were not damaged. 19 1 1 years later, the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, together with other precious paintings and calligraphy, was stolen from the palace by the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi, in the name of giving it to Pu Jie, and was first stored in Bird, a concession in Tianjin. 1932, Puyi established the Puppet Manchukuo with the support of the Japanese, so this famous painting was taken to Changchun and stored in the library building of the East Courtyard of Puppet Manchukuo Palace. 1945 In August, the Second World War came to an end, and the end of the Japanese invaders came. Puyi and his Japanese master saw something bad and fled to Dalizigou by plane. The Puppet Manchuria Palace was in a mess because of the fire. In the chaos, many people took the opportunity to enter the palace to "grab foreign fish", and a large number of precious things in the fake palace were scattered to the people in this turmoil, and The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was among them. 1949, Changchun was liberated by China People's Liberation Army. Zhang Kewei, a cadre of the People's Liberation Army, collected more than ten volumes of precious calligraphy and paintings scattered from the Puppet Manchuria Palace through local cadres, including The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. From 65438 to 0947, Comrade Zhang Kewei was transferred to the Northeast Administrative Committee. Before he left, he handed over more than ten volumes to Comrade LAM Raymond, one of the main leaders who opened up the revolutionary base areas in Northeast China at that time. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival entered the Northeast Museum by Lin Feng, and was later transferred to the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing. However, during the Cultural Revolution, Li Zuopeng, one of Lin Biao's four generals, took advantage of his power to "borrow" the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival from the Palace Museum and took it for himself. Together with Qiu, Wu and others, he occupies a large number of other precious cultural relics. After the fall of Lin Biao, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was rediscovered, and it is still treasured in the Palace Museum. The original painting The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival reappears in 19 12 February 12. On this day, Aisin Giorro Puyi, the last emperor in China's feudal history, stepped down from the throne, declaring the dream of China's feudal dynasty for more than 2,000 years, and it fell apart in an instant. According to the preferential treatment regulations, Puyi still lives in the Forbidden City. Puyi is different from any feudal emperor in China. He was educated by British teacher Johnston when he was young and influenced by western cultural ideas since childhood, so he always dreamed of studying abroad. In order to have enough money to realize his wish after leaving the palace, he thought of a large number of treasures, calligraphy and paintings collected in the palace. Thus, the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which experienced four dynasties in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, entered the palace four times and mysteriously disappeared again and again. This time, it began its mysterious and long journey. Puyi, who left the throne of the emperor, used the imperial power to "reward" his younger brother Aisingiorro 73 from 165438 in 0922 to 16 in October and then to 1923+28 in October. In the name of Pu Jie, 65,438 scrolls of calligraphy and painting and 68 picture books were removed from the palace. These precious paintings and calligraphy works in China are priceless. Among them, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has as many as four volumes, including the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival painted by Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival imitated by Chou Ying in Ming Dynasty and Suzhou Film and Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival imitated by other painters in Ming Dynasty. In particular, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, painted by Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, is a rare masterpiece in the history of China fine arts, and it is also a treasure that the nobles of the imperial palaces have been scrambling to collect. 1925 On February 24th, the second day of the second lunar month, commonly known as "the dragon looks up", Puyi dressed up as a businessman and went to Bird in the French Concession in Tianjin under the surveillance of the Japanese. In the name of "rewarding" his brother Pu Jie, he moved many treasures and calligraphy and paintings from the Forbidden City and secretly moved to Tianjin. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival accompanied Puyi in Tianjin. 1On March 8th, 932, under the control of the Japanese invaders, Puyi moved from Tianjin to Changchun with his family and a large number of treasures and calligraphy and painting, and became the emperor of the puppet Manchukuo. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival accompanied Puyi and stayed in Changchun for four months 13. The Jixi Building of the Puppet Manchurian Palace in Changchun witnessed the time Puyi and his family spent in Changchun. The name "Ji" was invented by Puyi himself, and the word "Ji" came from The Book of Songs? Daya？ King Wen: "King Wen, stop at Ji." However, Puyi believes that the word "Xi" in Ji is the same as that of Emperor Kangxi, and Puyi worships Emperor Kangxi's ability and strategy of governing the country. Therefore, the meaning of the word "Ji" is self-evident, and Puyi should inherit the ambition of the ancestor Kangxi to restore the great cause of Manchu. Because of this, it is not difficult to guess why Puyi likes The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival so much. Emperors and nobles of past dynasties scrambled to collect the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival, all of whom were fascinated by the fantastic prosperity and auspicious atmosphere in the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival. 1945, Yasuo Yamada, commander of the Japanese Kwantung Army, informed Puyi to move the capital to Tonghua. Puyi knew in his heart that the so-called moving the capital was actually an escape, and Puyi asked Yasuo Yamada to give him three days to pack his bags. In fact, what Puyi is most worried about is the treasures and calligraphy and paintings brought out from the Forbidden City in Beijing. /kloc-during 0/3 years, the riverside scene at Qingming Festival and a large number of treasures, calligraphy and painting have been sealed in the calligraphy and painting building behind the Changchun Pseudo Palace. Only Puyi and several cronies know the secret sealed in the painting and calligraphy building. Puyi and his personal entourage hurried into this mysterious "little white house". He selected some treasures from a large number of treasures and calligraphy and paintings and fled to Tonghua. The remaining treasures and calligraphy and paintings were looted by some guards. Among the four different versions of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which one was shot by Puyi? Which volume was lost among the people? People don't know ... Puyi fled to Dalizigou, a small mountain village at the foot of Changbai Mountain in Tonghua with some treasures, calligraphy and painting and his family. Puyi lived in Dalizigou for only three days, and then hurried to Shenyang, ready to flee from Shenyang to Japan. Puyi once again selected the treasures and calligraphy and paintings brought from Changchun Pseudo Palace, only selected a few treasures and calligraphy and paintings, and fled to Shenyang with his younger brother Pu Jie, two brothers-in-law, three nephews, a doctor and a squire, leaving most of his belongings and some treasures and calligraphy and paintings in Dalizigou. Some of these treasures and calligraphy and paintings abandoned in Dalizigou were carved up, some were burned and finally confiscated by the People's Liberation Army. On August 9th, 1945, Puyi prepared to fly to Japan at Shenyang Airport. After the plane took off, Puyi was forced to land by the Soviet Red Army. Puyi and his entourage, as well as the treasures and calligraphy and paintings he carried with him, were intercepted by the Soviet Red Army. Puyi was sent to Chita, Soviet Union, and then transferred to Boli. Five years later, Puyi was sent back to China. Four different versions of Qingming Riverside Map. /kloc-in the winter of 0/950, the culture department of the Northeast Bureau began to sort out the cultural heritage left after the liberation war. Mr. Yang, an expert in painting and calligraphy appraisal, is responsible for sorting out and appraising a large number of paintings and calligraphy collected from all parties, some of which are well preserved; Some paintings and calligraphy works were damaged. When Mr. Yang opened a broken scroll, he was suddenly shocked. This long scroll is antique beige. The method of depicting characters and street scenes in paintings embodies a unique and ancient painting method. Mr. Yang made a careful study and detailed textual research on this volume. This long scroll is magnificent, with exquisite brushwork and lifelike characters and scenery. Although there is no author's signature and painting name, there are rich inscriptions by celebrities in past dynasties. Especially after the picture scroll, there is a clear record in the inscription and postscript of Zhang Zhu in the Jin Dynasty: "Hanlin Zhang Zeduan, a native of Wu Dong, studied in the capital since childhood, and then studied painting. He especially likes the National Bridge in Che Zhou, and he is married. According to Xiang Yun's "Comment on the Map", "West Lake for the Map" and "Riverside Map on Qingming Festival", the day after Qingming Festival is set. " Is this a rare product collected by the court nobles in the past dynasties-The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty? Mr. Yang published this picture scroll in The Rise and Fall of National Treasure compiled by Northeast Museum, which immediately attracted great attention from experts and scholars at home and abroad. Mr. Zheng Zhenduo, then director of National Cultural Heritage Administration, handed this picture to Beijing. After further research and identification by experts and scholars, it is confirmed that this picture scroll is a thousand-year-old masterpiece-"Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" and "Treasure of Shiqu 3rd Edition". The rare national treasure lost for many years has finally entered the Palace Museum in Beijing again. In the history of painting, there are many paintings called The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, but there is only one original. After many scholars and experts have studied this topic, everyone's opinions are basically the same. They all think that this painting in the Palace Museum in Beijing is an original of Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty. Other paintings of the same name were later copied or imitated by Zhang Zeduan. At present, there is no artist's own seal on this picture scroll collected by the Palace Museum in Beijing. According to an inscription by Zhang Zhu of Jin Dynasty in the postscript after the picture, it is confirmed that its author is Zhang Zeduan. Zhang Zhu's inscription has only a few words: "Hanlin Zhang Zeduan was born in Wudong (now Zhucheng, Shandong). When I was a child, I studied in Beijing, and later I learned to paint. I am a painter, and I am particularly interested in cruise ships, bridges, Guo Jing and other families. " However, there is no Zhang Zeduan's name in the book Xuan He Hua Pu written at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. Some people speculate that it may be that he entered the painting academy late and the editor had no time to compile it into the book. In order to embody the theme of Better City and Better Life, Expo 20 10 specially displayed the riverside scene of Tomb-Sweeping Day in the form of multimedia animation, so that visitors can better understand the bustling scene of Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. At the same time, the Expo Bureau authorized the production of the multimedia Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival for your permanent use.
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