Working overseas, the United States urgently needs and attaches great importance to high-te
Working overseas, the United States urgently needs and attaches great importance to high-tech talents in order to solve? Reverse brain drain? Question, recently passed by the US House of Representatives? Employment law for international students of science and technology engineering? (referred to as STEM Jobs Act? STEM employment act? ), providing 55,000 green card places for foreign graduates who have obtained doctoral and master's degrees in science, technology, engineering and mathematics in American universities. The New Deal has aroused widespread concern and heated discussion in the United States and abroad, especially in the Chinese community. Many people believe that under this influence, there will be a beautiful era for scientific and technological talents to stay in the United States.
However, just as the industry was excited, it was reported that the Democrats in the US Senate rejected the request to review the STEM Employment Act, which is not expected to enter the Senate agenda this year.
But industry experts said that the bill released a signal that the United States urgently needs and attaches great importance to high-tech talents. This is a good thing for students majoring in science and technology in the United States.
◆ Background
The United state is aware of that seriousness of brain drain in science and technology.
According to American media reports, the STEM Employment Act was proposed to solve the long-standing problems in the United States? Reverse brain drain? The problem is that international students come to the United States to study, return to their own country or lose to a third country because they can't get a work visa.
It is said that in recent years, foreign college students have been pouring into American universities to study for master's and doctoral degrees in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Relevant data show that in 2009, two-thirds of all doctoral degrees in physics and engineering awarded by American universities were obtained by foreign students. However, in recent years, many people have to leave the United States because they can't get visas to work in the United States after graduation. Critics believe that restrictive immigration policies make it difficult for the United States to retain top students.
According to a new survey by the Paris-based Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the proportion of young people with higher education in the United States is declining. Compared with China and other Asian countries where higher education is becoming more and more popular, the United States seems to be losing its leading position in global talents.
The report entitled "Waiting for Vacancy: The Role of Foreign Workers in the Innovative Economy" jointly issued by the Information Technology Industry Council of the United States, the New American Economic Partnership and the American Chamber of Commerce pointed out that there is a shortage of talents in science and technology, engineering and mathematics, and foreign professionals with high academic qualifications are urgently needed to fill the vacancies.
The United States has realized the seriousness of brain drain in science and technology. It is reported that the US Congress is discussing how to rectify the national immigration system, trying to let foreigners who have obtained advanced degrees in the United States stay in the United States to work and solve problems. Reverse brain drain? Maintain the competitiveness of the United States in the world. The Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Employment Act was passed in the House of Representatives as a motion of the CPC.
Once the proposal was put forward, it aroused great concern and support from all walks of life. Many people believe that the research on scientific and technological talents in the United States will usher in a new era.
Liang, an American economist, believes that the House of Representatives has now changed the green card from lottery to science and technology immigration, giving highly educated talents direct immigration instead of district and county immigration. Changing the lucky sign into a doctor is a good medicine to revitalize the American economy through immigration. However, there are many good things, and the green card of science and technology still has to go through many hurdles to become a reality. ?
According to reports, Democrats in the US Senate have rejected the request to review the STEM Employment Act, which is not expected to enter the Senate agenda this year. However, the bill is more likely to be passed. After all, both sides believe that retaining scientific and technological talents is beneficial to the country. ?
Students studying in the United States who pay close attention to the trend of the bill also believe that the bill is likely to be passed.
◆ influence
It will play a role in diverting and gathering business phenomena.
The insiders believe that whether the bill is passed or not will release an obvious signal that the United States is in urgent need of scientific and technological talents and will pay more attention to the introduction and retention of scientific and technological talents. In fact, before this, American law has extended the application period of work visas for graduates of science, technology, engineering and mathematics, so that they can legally stay in the United States and find jobs.
The study abroad consultant pointed out that the United States shows such a preference for scientific and technological talents, which will certainly attract more and more students majoring in science and engineering to study in the United States, thus diverting the phenomenon of students gathering in business.
In recent years, the number of science and engineering students studying abroad has increased year by year. According to the data of American Department of Kai Tak Education Guangzhou Company, the proportion of students who applied for undergraduate courses in science and engineering in the United States was 20% in 20 10/2, 30% in 20 12, and rose to 35% in 2012.
The analysis believes that this is related to the employment prospects and salary of science and engineering students in the United States. Payscale salary survey report shows that the top 10 high-paying majors in the United States are: petroleum engineering, aerospace engineering, actuarial mathematics, chemical engineering, nuclear engineering, electrical engineering, computer engineering, applied mathematics, computer science and statistics, all of which are science and engineering majors, with an annual starting salary of about $60,000, which is higher than that of other majors.
? If students return home after graduation, the annual starting salary in China can reach more than 60,000 yuan, and the employment scope is very wide, which is very suitable for students with strong logical reasoning ability and good academic performance in science and engineering. ?
? In recent 10 years, most self-funded international students chose business majors. If the bill is passed, it will act as a baton, guiding students to choose science and engineering and diverting some students from choosing business. ?
Will the application for studying abroad in science and engineering be more intense by then?
? I don't think there will be much change in the short term. Of course, if many people flock to a certain major at the same time, the competition will be greater and the admission requirements will definitely increase. ?
If you choose an immigration-related major, you must be careful. The threshold of STEM employment law is not low.
Some insiders also pointed out that in the current global economic and employment downturn, whether the United States is willing to provide enough jobs to attract scientific and technological talents is also worth considering.
However, Nicole Smith, a senior economist, said that STEM jobs, including related education jobs, account for 6% of the US economy. It is estimated that by 2065,438+08, jobs in science, technology, engineering and mathematics will increase by 65,438+07 percentage points, far exceeding other job growth opportunities.
◆ Suggestions
When choosing a school, we must make clear the qualifications of the institution.
For students who are interested in choosing science and engineering majors, how should they plan their own way to study in the United States?
As the major of science and engineering is to learn a technology, it is suggested that students choose the institutions with the top professional rankings. For example, California Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Illinois, University of Wisconsin and other universities with better master's and doctoral programs. ?
If the STEM Employment Act can be successfully passed in the future and the American immigrant dream can be planned through this bill, then students must pay special attention when choosing schools. The school must be qualified as a federal grant for students, be certified as a research school under the classification of Carnegie Foundation for the Promotion of Teaching, and have a history of at least 10 years. ?
□ Link
Brief introduction of STEM employment act
According to the STEM Employment Act, the United States provides 55,000 green card places to foreign high-end talents who have obtained doctoral degrees in science, technology, engineering and mathematics in the United States every year, and the places that doctors can't use up can be transferred to master's degrees. However, these 55,000 places are not additional, but cancelled? Draw a green card Got the quota.
In addition, the bill also relaxed the conditions for the reunion of immigrant families. Spouses and children of green card holders can come to the United States to reunite with their relatives 1 year after applying for a green card. According to the current regulations, relatives of immigrants must wait outside the country for at least two years.
For more information about overseas employment, please click the relevant links.
According to the regulations of the American government, foreign students do not need to apply for special permission to work on campus, but they must register to maintain their full-time student status. During school, the working hours per week are generally limited to less than 20 hours, and holidays can reach 40 hours. This means that a registered foreign student can work freely and legally on campus. If you want to work off campus, you need to apply for a special work permit. International students can also apply for jobs in the United States in the name of internship. Applicants must study for a full academic year, and then fill in the relevant forms and bring the recommendation letter from the school's foreign student consultant to the immigration office to apply for a work permit 90 days before graduation to 30 days after graduation.
Britain, England
In Britain, the law stipulates that every college student has a 20-hour work permit every week. If it exceeds 20 hours, you will have to pay 20% tax. Generally speaking, during school, international students work 20 hours a week, and their usual living expenses are enough to pay. There are three ways to find a job in Britain: 1. Career introduction center; 2. friends and relatives; 3. Every town has a work center. China students who have just arrived in Britain are unfamiliar with local life and have poor language skills. Generally speaking, they look for jobs through job centers.
Canada
In Canada, holders of overseas student visas are generally not allowed to work during their studies, but they can work as teaching assistants in research institutes. If you want to work while studying abroad, you must first apply for a work visa from the Canadian Immigration Department and show your employment certificate. If the applicant does not meet the visa requirements, he may be required to leave the country for violating Canadian immigration regulations.
Germany
In principle, you are allowed to work while studying in Germany, but you are not allowed to work all year round. Usually, there is a time limit of 8 hours per week for monthly work, or no more than 3 months throughout the year. If you only do short-term work occasionally, the continuous work shall not exceed 18 days, excluding weekends and holidays. Then, the working time salary will not exceed 120 mark, and the average hourly salary will not exceed 20.65 mark. Where wages are paid on a monthly basis, the monthly working hours shall not exceed 86 hours, and the hourly wage within the working period shall not exceed 20.65 marks.