Minnan culture includes not only farming culture and marine culture in a broad sense, but also architectural culture, folk culture, religious culture, folk art, clan culture and dialect in a narrow sense.
Architectural culture
Architectural culture According to their own living environment and aesthetic taste, Minnan people rely on their own intelligence to create Minnan architecture that adapts to their living environment and conforms to their own aesthetics. According to the function, it can be divided into folk houses, ancestral halls, temples, temples, archways, towers, buildings, pavilions, terraces, pavilions, bridges, coastal defense buildings and so on. The architecture in southern Fujian is rich and colorful, which is a masterpiece of originality and concentration of foreign architecture. Among them, the most distinctive "palace-style" building in the first residential building is commonly known as "Gu Lou", and the residence of returned overseas Chinese Cai, located in Guanqiao Village, Nan 'an, Quanzhou, is its masterpiece. The residence was built in the Guangxu period of Xianfeng, Qing Dynasty. The main building is the same as the ancient large-scale pavilions common in southern Fujian. There are three or five rooms with protective pavilions, which protrude outside the hall, with symmetrical sides and horizontal layout. The depth is the second, third and fourth floors, and the courtyard unit, hall, corridor, water flowing through the courtyard, hard mountain, rolled shed roof, bucket wooden frame, red tile pipe and dovetail roof are organized by hall as a unit. The difference is that the building is a group of buildings, carved with beams and painted with buildings, decorated with exquisite wood carvings, brick carvings, stone carvings and marl carvings, and made of general carvings, relief carvings, line carvings or round carvings. The carving theme is very extensive and the carving skill is exquisite. Carved birds and beasts, flowers and birds, fish and insects, opera stories and landscape figures are lifelike. This residential building complex not only inherits and retains the traditional architectural style and characteristics of Minnan nationality, but also partially absorbs the decorative art features of Nanyang culture and western architectural art, which is a masterpiece of the combination of ancient residential architectural art in southern Fujian and architectural art outside China. In addition, the "Fanzilou", commonly known as "foreign architectural style" built by combining Chinese and western cultures, is also his masterpiece.
folk culture
Folk culture refers to the general name of folk cultural events (things and phenomena) created, appreciated and passed down by Minnan people. Its connotation is very extensive, including customs of production, life, life, faith, literature, entertainment and social organization. Among these customs, in addition to the traditional customs of the Chinese nation, folk literature with literary customs (folk songs and nursery rhymes) has the most local characteristics; Folk dances ("breast-beating dance"), bamboo horse riding, dragon dancing, lion dancing, "drum riding", "dragon boat racing" (Dragon Boat Festival) and "cake beating" (Mid-Autumn Festival) in entertainment customs are particularly active during festivals.
Religious culture
Religious culture refers to the religious beliefs and folk beliefs of Minnan people. Besides Taoism, Buddhism and Islam, Minnan people also believe in Hinduism, Christianity and Manichaeism. The most distinctive feature is that the people believe in the gods of the ancient Chinese nation (such as the God of the Earth), and also believe in real people. The clan cultures of Baosheng Emperor (Wu Kun), Mazu (Molin) and Guangze Wang Zun (commonly known as the "Saint Maharaja") are also important parts of Minnan culture. The clan culture in southern Fujian is very developed, which is marked by attaching importance to clan affection, compiling genealogy and ancestral temple architecture.
Min Nan dialect
Minnan dialect is one of the eight major dialects in China. It is divided into several sub-dialects: Xiamen dialect area: Xiamen, Jinmen and Tongan. Quanzhou dialect area: Quanzhou, Anxi, Shishi, Jinjiang, Hui 'an, Nan 'an, Yongchun and Dehua. Zhangzhou Dialect Area: Zhangzhou, Longhai, Zhangpu, Xiao Yun, Dongshan, Zhaoan, Huaan, Changtai, Pinghe and Nanjing. Longyan dialect: Longyan xinluo district and parts of zhangping city. Datian dialect area: a part of Datian County and a small part of Youxi County. Chaoshan Dialect Area: Pingrao Leizhou Dialect Area, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province: Hainan Dialect Area, Leizhou Peninsula, Guangdong Province: Cangnan Dialect Area, Central Hainan, Zhejiang Province: The spread of Minnan dialect in Cangnan, Wenzhou is not only in southern Fujian, but has already surpassed provincial and national boundaries. The most widely spread regions and countries in other provinces are Taiwan Province and Singapore. On the island of Taiwan Province Province, except for the Gaoshan area, almost all people speak Minnan dialect similar to Zhangzhou and Quanzhou dialects. According to preliminary investigation, Taichung and Taipei are slightly biased towards Quanzhou, while Tainan and Kaohsiung are slightly biased towards Zhangzhou. It is said that the migration of Minnan people to Taiwan Province Province began in the Yuan Dynasty, and the large-scale migration was in the middle of17th century. A large number of Minnan people crossed the sea with Zheng Chenggong and recovered Taiwan Province Province from the Dutch invaders. For more than 300 years, Minnan people, Han people in other areas and their Gaoshan compatriots have jointly developed this treasure island of the motherland. In the life and struggle of the same nation, Minnan dialect has been kept in the mouth of the people of Taiwan Province Province as the main communication tool. Especially today, the economic and cultural exchanges between the mainland and Taiwan Province Province are closer, and the buddies in Taiwan Province Province are constantly going to the mainland to seek roots and visit relatives and friends, so Minnan dialect is even more important. In addition to Taiwan Province Province, many overseas Chinese in Southeast Asian countries also use Minnan. According to preliminary statistics, there are more than 40 million people who speak this dialect at home and abroad, and many people assimilated by Minnan people also use Minnan dialect. In Singapore, Minnan is called "Minnan", and 70-80% of Singaporeans can speak or listen to Minnan. The number of offspring of Minnan people marrying Southeast Asian Malays is 1000.
Edit the cultural characteristics of southern Fujian in this paragraph.
1, Minnan culture has the characteristics of tradition and continuity. In addition to inheriting the China traditional culture, the tradition of Minnan culture itself is also continuing and developing. 2. Minnan culture has the characteristics of integration and diversity. That is, it is integrated with the traditional culture of China, taking Minnan culture as the main body and absorbing some factors of Nanyang culture, Arabic culture and western culture. For example, in architectural culture, in addition to the "palace-style" ancient buildings and arcades on the street, we can also see China traditional architecture, Chinese and Western architecture, Arabic architecture and overseas Chinese characteristic architecture. 3. Minnan culture is inclusive and pioneering. This is reflected in religious belief (multi-religion), folk belief (polytheism), architecture, drama, dialect and so on. For example, drama, a variety of dramas coexist, and Taiwanese opera, Liyuan opera and Gaojia opera complement each other. Even the same opera is a variety of genres, and various techniques compete and develop with each other. Another example is dialects, including some Malay. Another example is the Spring Festival couplets with Arabic and Chinese characters side by side in Quanzhou. 4. Dialects in Minnan culture are ancient and unique. Ma Bole, a French language master, once said that Minnan is a particularly ancient language in the world. It not only has a long history, but also retains many characteristics of middle Chinese and ancient Chinese, and also retains many words of ancient Chinese. In Putonghua and other Chinese dialects, some of these words are not used, some are not used, and some are rarely used, but they are all basic words in Minnan dialect. Therefore, Minnan dialect is called "the living fossil of language" by academic circles. This is very prominent in Chinese dialects, and it is also one of the important signs that distinguish Chinese. The originality of Minnan dialect is mainly manifested in its own characteristics in language, vocabulary and grammar. 5. Minnan culture is characterized by openness. This is closely related to the fact that most people in southern Fujian are Han immigrants from the Central Plains, and there are many foreigners (Minnan immigrants, foreigners stay in southern Fujian), and it is also closely related to the development of marine culture in southern Fujian. In addition, Minnan culture has the characteristics of dual communication. That is, the main culture spread from the Central Plains, merged with indigenous culture to form Minnan culture with local characteristics, and then spread to Taiwan Province Province through immigration to Taiwan Province Province, and spread abroad through overseas Chinese.
Edit the spread and influence of Minnan culture in this section.
The creator of culture is man, and man is the most faithful, active and active disseminator of culture. The long-distance spread of culture depends on the migration of population. "The spread of Minnan culture is spread through the migration of Minnan people at home and abroad. Domestic communication covers northern Fujian, central Fujian, western Fujian, southeastern Zhejiang, eastern Jiangxi, eastern Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macau, Hainan and Taiwan Province Province. Among them, Taiwan Province Province is the largest immigrant, widely distributed in most areas such as Taipei, Taitung, Taichung, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taoyuan, Miaosu, Keelung, Nantou, Pingtung, Changhua, Hualien, Wen Jia, Yilan, Yunlin, Hsinchu and Penghu, where Minnan people have been recuperating for generations. It is known that since the Tang Dynasty, ancestors moved to Taiwan Province Province, which brought not only dialects, but also the living habits, religious beliefs, folk beliefs, folk arts and residential buildings of Minnan people, and passed on, developed and innovated from generation to generation. But today, the language remains the same, and the living habits, folk customs, religious beliefs, folk beliefs, folk arts and residential buildings are still the same or close to the same. Judging from the existing population of Taiwan Province, there are as many as 6,543.8+0.7 million people who speak Minnan, which shows that Minnan is the main language in Taiwan Province Province, from which we can see that Minnan culture is almost the same as that in Taiwan Province Province. The spread abroad has spread to all parts of the world, so it can be said that all parts of the world should find the footprints of overseas Chinese (mostly Chinese) in southern Fujian. There are millions of overseas Chinese and Minnan Chinese who have emigrated abroad, with the largest number living in Southeast Asian countries. Overseas Chinese ancestors not only brought Minnan dialect, but also spread Minnan folk customs, folk beliefs and folk arts to the Minnan community in the country where they lived, and passed on, changed and developed from generation to generation. Up to now, there are nearly140,000 overseas Chinese living in various countries and regions, which shows that Minnan culture is widely spread abroad. The significance of studying Minnan culture: Minnan culture inherited the Central Plains and Wuyue culture, which was created by Han people and aborigines who migrated to Minnan, and then borrowed advanced regional culture from Nanyang culture, Arabic culture and Western culture. Make Minnan culture more prosperous and develop. It is an important part of China traditional culture. Therefore, the study of Minnan culture has both historical and practical significance. 1, Minnan culture was formed in a specific historical environment, which inevitably has the limitations of the times. We study Minnan culture with a scientific analytical attitude, which is helpful for us to carry forward the essence of traditional Minnan culture, abandon the dross in Minnan culture, inherit in criticism and innovate constantly in inheritance. 2. Through the study of Minnan culture, it is helpful to deeply understand the openness, tolerance and thoughtfulness contained in Minnan culture, carry forward the spirit of struggle and establish self-confidence. 3. The harmonious concept contained in Minnan culture is the guarantee for building a harmonious Minnan society and enhancing the cohesion of Taiwan compatriots and overseas Chinese. 4. Minnan cultural heritage is also a part of the world cultural heritage, and the study of Minnan culture is conducive to the utilization and protection of Minnan cultural heritage. It is also conducive to creating advanced Minnan culture that not only embodies the traditional cultural characteristics of Minnan, but also has the spirit of the times, and promotes the sustainable development of Minnan cultural resources. 5. The study of Minnan culture plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the peaceful reunification of Taiwan Province Province. Minnan culture has a strong radiation effect on Taiwan Province Province, so it has a strong attraction to compatriots in Taiwan Province Province.