(1) At the start of serving, the ball is naturally placed on the palm of your hand, without clapping your hands, and the palm is open and kept still.
(2) When serving, the server must throw the ball up almost vertically with his hands, and must not make the ball rotate, and make the ball rise not less than 16 cm after leaving the palm of his hand without clapping his hands, and must not touch anything before it falls.
(3) When the ball falls from the highest point of throwing, the server can hit the ball, so that the ball first touches its own table, then crosses or bypasses the net, and then touches the table of the receiver. In doubles, the ball should touch the right half of the server and receiver.
(4) From the beginning of serving to hitting the ball, the ball should always be above the table, outside the end line of the server, and it should not be blocked by any part of the body or clothes of the server or its doubles partner.
(5) When a player serves, at the moment when the ball touches the racket, there should be no obstacles in the virtual triangle formed by the connection between the ball and the net post and above a certain height, and one of the referees should be able to see the player's hitting point clearly.
strike a ball
After the opponent serves or returns the ball, the player must hit the ball so that the ball directly passes over or bypasses the net device, or touches the net device before touching the opponent's table.
Lose points
(1) cannot be delivered legally;
(2) Failure to fight back legally;
(3) After hitting the ball, the ball crosses the opponent's end line and does not touch the opponent's table;
(4) blockage;
(5)combo；
(6) hitting the ball with a racket face that does not conform to the rules;
(7) The athlete or anything worn by the athlete makes the table move;
(8) The player or anything worn by the player touches the net device;
(9) Don't clap your hands and touch the table;
(10) Doubles players hit the ball in the wrong order;
(1 1) When the rotation serve method is implemented, the server is hit by the receiver or his doubles partner, including the receiver, and 13 legal counterattacks are completed.
Give full play to
In a game, the winner is 1 1. 10 After the draw, the winner is the one who scores 2 points first.
individual match
The elimination of singles adopts the seven-game system, and the elimination of doubles and team events adopts the five-game system.
Order and direction
After (1) scores 2 points, the receiver becomes the server, and so on, until the end of the game, or until the score between the two sides is 10, or when the rotation service method is adopted, the order of serving and receiving remains unchanged, but each person only serves 1 minute in turn.
(2) In doubles, every time the service is changed, the front-end server will become a server, and the partner of the front-end server will become a server.
(3) The player who serves first in a game should receive the service first in the next game of that game. In the final game of doubles, when one player scores 5 points first, the receiver must exchange the order of receiving the service.
(4) In one game, one player in one direction will change to another direction in the next game. In the deciding game, when one side scores 5 points first, the two sides should exchange places.
suspend
(1) The intermission shall not exceed 1 minute.
(2) In a game, each side has a timeout of no more than 1 minute.
(3) In each game, after scoring 6 points in the deciding game or changing positions, there is a short time to wipe the sweat.
Competition method
The table tennis competitions held in the five Olympic Games have similar methods, but they are not exactly the same. They mainly adopt the methods of group pre-selection and single elimination plus play-offs or ranking elimination plus play-offs
The method of table tennis competition in the 29th Olympic Games is:
Team competition-in the first stage, 16 men's and women's teams were divided into four groups for a single round robin. In the second stage, the top two in each group will be eliminated by the top eight and join the bronze medal play-offs.
The form of team competition
Yes:
(1) Best of five games system. One, two, four and five games are singles, and the third game is doubles.
(2) A team consists of three athletes, each of whom plays twice.
(3) The competition sequence is:
Home team and visiting team
The first game axe
The second game was played by
Scene 3 C+A (or B)Z+X (or y)
Game 4 b (or A)Z
Game 5 CY (or x)
(4) The list of doubles players will be determined after the first two games.
(5) If A or B and X or Y participate in the doubles competition, they cannot participate in the subsequent singles competition; Only athletes who do not participate in doubles can participate in the following singles competitions.
Singles competition-ranking elimination and bronze medal competition will be conducted in the same form as the 28th Olympic Games.
Table 2 1. 1 Table of Table Tennis Team Competition Rules
1. 1. 1 The upper surface of the table is called a game table, which should be a rectangle parallel to the horizontal plane, with a length of 274m, a width of 1.525m and a height of 76cm in the highland direction.
1. 1.2 The desktop does not include the sides of the desktop.
1. 1.3 The game table can be made of any material and should have consistent elasticity, that is, when the standard ball falls to the table from a height of 30 cm, the rebound height should be about 23 cm.
1. 1.4 The table top should be dark and dull, with a white edge line with a width of 2cm along the edge of each 2.74m competition interface and a white end line with a width of 2cm along the edge of each1.525m competition table top.
1. 1.5 The playing table is divided into two equal table areas by a vertical net parallel to the end line, and the whole area of each table area should be a whole.
In 1. 1.6 doubles, each table area should be divided into two equal "half areas" with a white middle line with a width of 3 mm. The midline is parallel to the sideline and should be regarded as a part of the right half.
1.2 network equipment
1.2. 1 The net device includes a net, a net hanging rope, a net post and a clip part for fixing them on the table.
1.2.2 the net should be hung on the rope, and both ends of the rope should be tied to an upright net post with a height of 15.5cm, and the distance from the outer edge of the net post to the outer edge of the sideline is15.25 m. ..
1.2.3 distance from the top of the whole net to the table15.25cm.
1.2.4 The bottom of the whole net should be as close to the table as possible, and both ends should be as close to the net posts as possible.
1.3 ball
1.3. 1 The ball shall be spherical with a diameter of 38mm.
1.3.2 The ball weighs 2.5g ..
1.3.3 The ball should be celluloid or similar material, white, yellow or orange, and dull.
1.4 racket
1.4. 1 The size, shape and weight of the racket are not limited, but the bottom plate should be flat and hard.
1.4.2 The thickness of the bottom plate should be at least 85% of the natural wood, and the adhesive layer for strengthening the bottom plate can be made of fiber materials such as carbon fiber, glass fiber or compressed paper, and each adhesive layer should not exceed 7.5% or 0.35 mm of the total thickness of the bottom plate.
1.4.3 The racket face used for hitting the ball should be covered with a layer of ordinary granular glue with outward particles, and the thickness of the glue should not exceed 2mm or covered with sponge glue with inward or outward particles, together with adhesive, and the thickness should not exceed 4 mm.
1.4.3. 1 "Ordinary granular rubber" is a layer of natural rubber or synthetic rubber without foam, and its particles must be distributed on the whole surface, with an average density of not less than 10/cm2 and not more than 50 particles.
1.4.3.2 "Sponge rubber" means that a layer of foam rubber is covered with a layer of ordinary granular rubber, and the thickness of ordinary granular rubber is less than 2mm.
1.4.4 The covering should cover the whole racket face, but not beyond its edge. The portion near the handle and the finger grip portion may not be covered, or may be covered with any material.
1.4.5 The bottom plate, any interlayer, covering layer and adhesive layer in the bottom plate shall be a whole with uniform thickness.
1.4.6 Both sides of the racket, whether covered or not, must be dull, one bright red and the other black. The edge of the racket should be blunt, not white.
1.4.7 Due to accidental damage, wear or fading, the integrity and color consistency of the racket face are slightly different. It can be used as long as the racket face performance has not changed significantly.
1.4.8 When an athlete needs to change his racket at the beginning and during the competition, he must show his opponent and the referee the racket he will use and allow them to check it.
1.5 definition
1.5. 1 "round": a period of time during which the ball is in the game. 1.5.2 "The state of the game when the ball is served". From the time of serving, the ball stands still for a moment without clapping its hands before intentionally throwing it upward. Score or serve again in this round.
1.5.3 "serve again": there is no score in the round.
1.5.4 "one point": this round scores.
1.5.5 "Clap your hands": the hand holding the racket.
1.5.6 "Don't be afraid of the hand": the hand that doesn't hold the racket.
1.5.7 "Hit the ball", touch the ball with the racket held in your hand or below your wrist.
1.5.8 "Blocking": After the opponent hits the ball, the ball in the game state does not touch his own table or exceeds the table or its end line, that is, it touches his own player or anything he wears.
1.5.9 "server": the first player to hit the ball in a round.
Receiver: The player who hits the ball second in a round.
1.5. 1 1 "referee: a person appointed to manage a game,
1.5. 12 "referee assistant": a person designated to assist the referee in some aspects.
1.5. 13 Anything an athlete "wears or brings", including anything he wears or brings at the beginning of a round.
1.5. 14 The ball that passes under or outside the net outside the protruding table, or returns after passing through the net, shall be regarded as having "passed or bypassed" the net.
The "terminal line" in table 1.5. 15 includes infinite extension lines at both ends of the terminal line.
1.6 legal services
1.6. 1 When serving, put the ball on the palm of your hand. Don't clap your hands. Keep your palms open and flat. The ball should be static, behind the server's end line and above the game level.
1.6.2 The starter must throw the ball almost vertically upward by hand, and must not make the ball rotate, so that the ball will rise not less than 16 cm after leaving the palm of his hand without clapping his hands.
1.6.3 When the ball falls from the highest throwing point, the server can hit the ball so that the ball touches its own court first, then goes over or bypasses the net, and then touches the court of the receiver. In doubles, the ball should touch the right half of the server and receiver.
1.6.4 From the last moment when the ball is still before pitching to hitting the ball, the ball and racket should be above the level of the table.
1.6.5 When hitting the ball, the ball should be behind the end line of the server, but it should not exceed the farthest part of the server's body from the end line (except the arm, head or leg).
1.6.6 When an athlete serves, it is his responsibility to let the referee or assistant referee see if he serves according to the statutory provisions.
1.6.6. 1 If the referee doubts the correctness of a service action of the server, and neither he nor the assistant referee is convinced that the service action is illegal, the referee can warn the server not to score when this phenomenon occurs for the first time in a game.
1.6.6.2 In the same game, if the correctness of a player's service is questioned again, whether for the same reason or not, he will lose a point without warning.
1.6.6.3 No matter whether it is the first time or at any time, as long as the server obviously fails to serve according to the legal provisions, he will be deducted one point without warning.
1.6.7 When an athlete can't strictly abide by some provisions of the statutory service due to physical injury, the referee may make a decision to waive the execution, but he must explain it to the referee before the game.
1.7 legal counterattack
1.7. 1 After the opponent serves or returns the ball, the players of our team must hit the ball so that it directly crosses or bypasses the net, or touches the net, and then touches the opponent's table.
1.8 Competition sequence
1.8. 1 singles, legal serve, starting, then receiving the serve, receiving the serve and legally counterattacking, and then alternately legally counterattacking.
1.8.2 In doubles, legal serve, the player, then the receiver, then the server's partner, then the receiver's partner, and then the players take turns to fight back legally.
1.9 serve again
In the round of 1.9. 1, the service shall be awarded again in the following cases:
1.9. 1. 1 If the ball sent by the server touches the net device when it crosses or bypasses the net device, it becomes a legal serve or is blocked by the receiver or his companions.
1.9. 1.2 If the receiver or companion is not ready, the ball has already served: and neither the receiver nor the companion tries to hit the ball.
1.9. 1.3 The athletes failed to go to legal serve due to uncontrollable interference. Fight back legally or obey the rules.
1.9. 1.4 The referee or deputy referee suspended the game.
1.9. 1.5 In doubles, the player made a mistake in serving and receiving the service.
1.9.2 The game can be paused under the following circumstances:
1.9.2. 1 due to the need to correct the wrong order or orientation of serving and receiving;
1.9.2.2 Due to the rotating service mode;
1.9.2.3 to warn or punish athletes;
1.9.2.4 The results of this round may be affected by the interference of the competition environment.
Table tennis team competition rules 3 introduction
A team competition consisting of several individual events is divided into men's team competition and women's team competition. Men's and women's team table tennis competition is regarded as the main symbol reflecting the level of table tennis in a unit, a region or a country.
Men's team competition usually adopts the way of World Table Tennis Men's Team Championship (Swislin Cup). Best of five games (five singles). A team consists of three players. Before the game, the captains of both sides draw lots to decide the home team (ABC) and the visiting team (XYZ).
The order of the game is: the first game. A (main force) X (secondary force), B (secondary force) Y (main force) in the second game, C (No.3) Z (No.3) in the third game, AY in the fourth game and BX in the fifth game.
The women's team competition usually adopts the World Table Tennis Women's Team Championship (Columbia Cup). Each unit can submit four players to participate in the competition, and both sides can choose two players from each competition to participate in singles, and then two of the four players can pair up to participate in the third-ranked doubles. The game adopts the best-of-five system (also adopts the best-of-three system in each game), and the winner is the one who wins three games first. Before the game, the two sides selected the home team and the visiting team by drawing lots. The players on the home team list 2 are designated as A and B; The two players of the visiting team are designated as X and Y, and the order of the five games is: 1A versus X2B versus y3 doubles 4A versus Y5B versus X.
The competition methods of men's and women's team competitions are sometimes universal. For example, the men's team competition adopts the women's team championship system of the World Table Tennis Championships, or the women's team competition adopts the men's team championship system of the World Table Tennis Championships.
match
This competition is a team competition;
(1) adopts the best of five games system. One, two, four and five games are singles, and the third game is doubles. Single-player game adopts the best of three games system.
(2) A team consists of three athletes, each of whom plays twice.
(3) Competition order: first place AVSX, second place BVSY, third place A+CVSX+Z, fourth place BVSZ and fifth place CVSY.
1, the first game, the second game, the third game, the fourth game and the fifth game are played at the same time.
2. The ball used in the competition is 40mm conventional table tennis, and the latest table tennis competition rules approved by China Table Tennis Association are implemented in the competition.
team competition
(1) Men's Team Competition
Choose three players and a team leader from a team (contestants or other full-time staff). Before the game, the captains of both sides will draw lots to decide the choice of A, B, C and X, Y and Z, and submit a team list to the referee, and each player will be assigned a letter.
Current competition order: the first competition A-X; The second game b-y; Game 3, C-Z, Game 4, A-Y, Game 5, B-X X X, each game is the best of three games. When a team wins three individual games, the game should be over.
(2) Women's team competition
According to the spirit of the resolution adopted by the ITTF Congress held during the 43rd World Table Tennis Championships, with the approval of ITTF, the men's team competition adopted the women's team competition mode, that is, the third doubles match of the original women's team competition was changed to singles. The competition order of this year's women's team competition is: the first A-X; The second game b-y; The third game is C-Z; Game 4 a-y, game 5 B-X X
The method of table tennis competition
There are two common methods in table tennis: single round robin and elimination. If these two methods are combined, it is called mixed system. The choice of competition mode depends on the competition purpose, venue, number of teams (people) and other conditions.
First, single round robin
Teams or athletes take turns to compete once, which is called single round robin. This method can make the participating teams or athletes have the opportunity to participate in the competition, and can determine the ranking of the teams or athletes more accurately. However, the number of single round robin is large, the competition time is long, and more venues and equipment are needed, so the number of teams or people participating in single round robin should not be too large, otherwise group round robin should be adopted.
(1) single round robin
Ranking calculation method: According to the international competition regulations, if you win a game, you will get 2 points, if you lose a game, you will get 1 point, and if you don't play or finish playing, you will get 0 point. The group ranking will be determined by stages according to the games obtained. If two or more teams in a group have the same score, their relevant rankings should be determined according to the results of their corresponding games. First, the scores of games won between them will be calculated, and then individual games (team games) will be calculated as needed.
(2) Group round robin
Although the single round robin tournament can correctly arrange the ranking of each team (or person), it is difficult to adopt it when there are many teams (or people) and a large number of players bring difficulties to the organization and management of the competition. In this case, group round robin can be used. The most commonly used arrangement method of group round robin is "snake arrangement", that is, the sequence numbers are arranged according to the strength of each team (usually according to the ranking of the last game). The smaller the serial number, the stronger the strength, on the contrary, the weaker the strength. When grouping, the strength of each group is required to be average, that is, the serial numbers of each group are added. In some ball games, on the basis of "snake arrangement", the seed team and the non-seed team are grouped by lottery, that is, the No.65438 +0-4 team (seed team) is fixed in the No.65438 +0-4 group or enters the No.65438 +0-4 group by lottery; Then the numbers 5-8, 9- 12, 13- 16 are drawn into the 1-4 group respectively. However, after the end of the grouping period, the second stage of the competition should be added and all the rankings should be discharged.
There are two common methods:
1. In the first stage, each group will be divided into four groups for group round robin. In the second stage, the first place in each group will play a single round robin and decide 1-4. The second place in each group is a group, and the fifth to eighth places are decided; And so on.
2. In the first stage of cross-race, the two groups will be divided into round robin. In the second stage, the top two players in each group will cross the competition and decide the places such as champion, runner-up and third runner-up. In this way, the 5th-8th places are decided by 3 or 4 people in each group. 5 or 6 people in each group cross to decide No.9-12; And so on.
Second, the single knockout
Teams (or people) participating in the competition play in the order of arrangement. The winner enters the next round of competition, and the loser is eliminated until the champion is decided, which is called the single knockout. The number of single elimination matches is relatively small, which is conducive to arranging more players to participate in the competition in a short time. However, this method is unreasonable, incomplete and opportunistic, and some measures must be taken to overcome these defects in order to play its role in practical application.
(1) The number of digits selected should be a power of 2. The commonly used numbers and positions in the competition are 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256.
(2) detour If the number of participants is not equal to the number of times, but less than the number of times, that is, when the number of participants in the first round is less than the number of times, no athlete's ranking is called "bye" ranking.
(3) When the number of participants is slightly greater than the power of 2, the square of 2 with the closest number of participants is selected as the number of numbers, and a few participants "grab the number". Grab the number is to play a game at the same number position first, and the winner enters the number. The position of grabbing the number is the same as that of bye-bye, and "grabbing the number" is also a round.
(four) seeds (that is, strong players or excellent players)
1, setting the role of "seed" The method of setting "seed" players is to overcome the irrationality of single elimination. When drawing lots, the "seeds" are evenly distributed in each "area" so as to meet at last, and strive to ensure the rationality of determining the ranking of the competition.
2. The number of seeds The number of "seeds" is mainly determined according to the number of teams or participants. Generally, it is1/6- 12 of the number of participants, that is, a seed for a player with an average of 6-12; At the same time, the number of "seeds" should be a power of 2, such as 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.
3. The position of "seeds" should be arranged as follows: the first seed is arranged at the top of the upper half; The second seed should be arranged at the bottom of the lower half; The third and fourth seeds should be inserted at the bottom of the upper half and the top of the lower half respectively; The fifth to eighth seeds should enter the bottom of odd quarters and the top of even quarters respectively; If there are many seeds (9- 16), and so on (the seed position number can be found in the seed position table). In fact, the "seeds" of the knockout stage are evenly distributed in various "zones".