(1) According to the scope of investigation, it can be divided into comprehensive investigation and non-comprehensive investigation. A comprehensive survey, also known as a general survey, means that every investigation unit must conduct an investigation. Incomplete investigation means that only a part of the units in the population have been investigated. Including: 1, key survey, 2, typical survey, 3, sampling survey.
The key investigation refers to only investigating the key units in the whole, and the key units refer to (1) and the key points in the work. (2) The scores of these key units account for most of the total scores.
A typical survey refers to the pre-selection of representative units from the whole population for investigation. There are good models and bad models.
Sampling survey, referred to as spot check, refers to extracting some units from the population according to the principle of randomness, and then inferring the whole and its quantitative characteristics according to the quantitative characteristics of the sample population. The main characteristics of spot checks are randomness and inference.
(2) According to the continuity of investigation, it can be divided into one-time investigation and regular investigation. One-off survey is a survey conducted in a specified period, for example; China's national census is conducted every ten years. Regular survey refers to daily registration, for example, the attendance of all units.
(3) According to the different ways of investigation organization, it can be divided into statistical reports and special surveys. Special surveys include: general survey, typical survey, key survey and sampling survey. Statistical statements are a kind of reporting system which is regularly arranged by the state from top to bottom and supplemented by lower levels. It is also the conventional investigation organization mode of the country. Special investigation refers to the investigation of some special problems, such as: marine survey, special investigation of the ocean, agricultural survey, special investigation of agriculture.
(4) According to different investigation methods, it can be divided into direct observation, report and inquiry. Inquiry method is divided into written inquiry method and oral inquiry method. Direct observation means that statisticians go directly to the scene, and reporting means providing statements.
Question 2: What are the methods of collecting data in statistical investigation? The specific collection methods of statistical data are:
Interview survey. Interview survey, also known as sending personnel to investigate, is an investigation method in which investigators and respondents get the information they need through face-to-face conversation. There are two ways of interview investigation: standard interview and non-standard interview. The former is based on a pre-designed interview structure, such as a standardized questionnaire with a fixed format, which asks questions in turn and is answered by the respondents. For non-standard interviews, there is no unified questionnaire or form in advance, and there is no unified questioning order. There is only one topic or outline, and the investigator and the respondent can talk freely and get the information they need.
Mail survey. It is an investigation method that questionnaires or questionnaires are sent to the respondents by mail or propaganda media, filled in by the respondents, and then sent back or delivered to designated collection points.
Telephone survey. Telephone survey is a survey method in which investigators communicate with respondents by telephone to obtain information. Telephone survey has the characteristics of fast aging and low cost.
Computer-aided investigation. It is also called Computer Aided Telephone Interview System (cati). The system makes the telephone survey more convenient and faster, and also greatly improves the quality of the survey.
Symposium. Also called group interview, it is a method to gather a group of respondents at the survey site and let them express their opinions on the subject of the survey (such as a product, a service or other topics) so as to obtain survey data.
Personal in-depth access. This is a special qualitative study, and only one interviewee participates in it at a time. "In-depth interview" is an unstructured personal interview. The investigators used a lot of questioning skills to let the interviewees play freely and express their thoughts and feelings as much as possible.
Observation method. It refers to the method of collecting information by observing and recording the actions and consciousness of the respondents.
Experimental method. This is a special method of observation and investigation. It is an investigation method to conduct experiments on subjects in a specific experimental place and state to obtain the required information.
Among them, the first six methods belong to inquiry and investigation, while the last two methods belong to observation and experiment.
Question 3: What are the main statistical survey methods used in China at present? Statistical survey method refers to the method of collecting the original data of the respondents, that is, the method of collecting the answers of the respondents. Statistical survey methods are divided into the following five types according to organizational forms:
1. Statistical reporting system
Statistical report system is an important organizational method in China's statistical investigation method system. It is a statistical report system that provides statistical data step by step from top to bottom according to unified forms, unified index contents and unified submission time. The statistical report system has the characteristics of unity, timeliness, comprehensiveness and reliability, and can meet the needs of management at all levels.
2. Census
The census is a one-off comprehensive census specially organized. Generally, the census is to investigate the total amount of social and economic phenomena at a certain time point, but it can also investigate the total amount of phenomena in some periods, and even investigate some indicators that are not the total amount. The census involves a wide range, many indicators, heavy workload and strong timeliness. In order to obtain accurate statistical data, the census needs the highest centralized leadership and unified action.
3. Sampling survey
Sampling survey is a major organizational form of non-comprehensive survey. It is an investigation method that extracts some units from the population as samples according to the random principle and infers the quantitative characteristics of the population from the observation results. Compared with other incomplete surveys, sampling surveys have the following characteristics: (1) Select survey units according to the principle of randomness; (2) The purpose is to infer the population, and the reliability of the inferred results can be explained by mathematics.
4. Pay attention to investigation
Focus survey is an incomplete survey. This is a survey, in which only a few key units are selected. The key investigation is characterized by saving time and effort and reflecting the overall basic situation. Whether a key investigation can be carried out is determined by the characteristics of the investigation task and the object of investigation. When the investigation task only requires mastering the basic situation, and there are indeed key units in the investigation object, it can be implemented.
5. Typical survey
A typical survey is an incomplete survey. It is an investigation method that consciously selects a few representative units for in-depth and detailed investigation on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the research objects according to the purpose of investigation. Typical survey can make up for the shortcomings of other survey methods and enrich the typical situation of digital data. In some cases, typical surveys can be used to estimate the overall figures or verify the authenticity of comprehensive survey figures.
Among the above statistical investigation methods, statistical reporting system and general survey are comprehensive surveys, while sampling surveys, key surveys and typical surveys are not comprehensive surveys.
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Question 4: What are the main contents of a complete statistical investigation plan (1) Purpose of investigation: The purpose of investigation should conform to the objective reality, which is the first question to be clarified in any set of plans, and it is also a guide to action. (2) Survey object and survey unit: the survey object is the whole, and the survey unit is the individual in the whole. (3) Investigation items: that is, the contents that the investigation unit should register. (4) Questionnaire: it is a tabular form that arranges the survey items in a certain order. There are generally two forms of questionnaire: single form and list form. List is to put many units' projects in one table, which is suitable for investigating a small number of projects; A single table only registers the contents of one cell in a table. (5) Survey methods: Survey methods include general survey, key survey, typical survey, sampling survey and statistical report system. The specific investigation methods of collecting statistical data are: interview, observation, report, etc. (6) place and time of investigation: the place of investigation refers to the place where the registration information is determined; Investigation time: it involves the investigation standard time and investigation period. (7) Organizational plan: refers to the specific work plan to ensure the implementation of the investigation.
Question 5: Common methods of statistical investigation: general survey, sampling survey, statistical report, etc. Definition: A one-time comprehensive survey specially organized for a specific purpose. A survey of all units in the statistical population for the purpose of collecting statistical data. Census data are often used to illustrate the overall situation of phenomena at a certain point in time. For example, the census is to investigate and register the population one by one in the whole country, and designate a specific time point (a certain day, a certain month, a certain time) as a unified statistical time point in the whole country to reflect the natural and social characteristics of the population concerned. Significance: A census can find out a country's national conditions and strength, especially its manpower, financial resources and material resources, and provide a reliable basis for the country to formulate long-term plans and policies. Therefore, it is a comprehensive survey with the advantages of comprehensive, detailed and systematic information; He is a one-time special survey, because the census is heavy in workload, high in cost and long in time period, so it is generally not appropriate to hold it frequently. Features: 1, need to specify a unified standard time (the time of data) 2, usually one-off or periodic 3, high degree of data standardization 4, suitable for the collection of important data related to the national economy and people's livelihood, the application scope is relatively narrow. The contents and time periods of statistical investigation in China's population census have been standardized and institutionalized, including: 1, population census, every 10. 2. The general survey of the tertiary industry is conducted once every 10 year and "3" year. For example, the second general survey of the tertiary industry was conducted in China in 2003. 3. Industrial census, once every 10 year and in "5" year, such as the fourth industrial census in China in 2005. 4. Agricultural census, once every 10 year and in "7" year, such as the second agricultural census in China in 2007. 5. The basic unit census is conducted every five years in the years of "1" and "6". For example, the fourth national basic unit census in 20 1 1 year. Definition: it refers to taking some units from the population of the research object as samples to investigate and infer the digital characteristics of the population. This is the most commonly used survey method in market research. Features: good economy, strong effectiveness, wide adaptability and high accuracy. Sampling survey is a statistical survey method to infer the total number of overall signs according to some actual survey results, which belongs to the category of incomplete survey. According to the scientific principle and calculation, it extracts some sample units from the population of things composed of several units for investigation and observation, and uses the obtained survey mark data to represent the population and infer the population. Classification (1) Simple random sampling: Also known as pure random sampling, it refers to sampling units directly from the crowd for observation without any treatment, classification or exclusion. Theoretically, it is the most consistent with the principle of randomness of sampling survey, and it is also the most basic form of sampling survey. Specific methods are: direct selection, lottery, random number table. (2) Stratified sampling: also called type sampling or classified sampling. Firstly, the overall unit is stratified according to the main signs, and then several sample units are randomly selected from each layer, and the sample units of each layer form a sample. (3) equidistant sampling: also known as mechanical sampling or systematic sampling. It queues all the units in the group according to certain signs, and then extracts several sample units at equal intervals in a fixed order to form a sample with a capacity of n (3) Cluster sampling: it divides all the units in the whole group into several groups, and then randomly selects some groups from the whole group as groups to conduct a comprehensive investigation on all the units in the selected groups. The basic requirements of cluster sampling for population division are: first, there can be no overlap between groups, that is, any unit in the population can only belong to a certain group; Second, all units in the group are not omitted, that is, any unit in the group must belong to a certain group. (4) Multi-stage sampling: When the population is large, the sampling process can be divided into several transitional stages, and finally the sample unit is selected. It is a statutory reporting system, which provides basic statistical data from bottom to top according to unified forms, unified reporting procedures and reporting time. Statistical report system is a report system which is arranged from top to bottom and provides statistical information from bottom to top. On the basis of comprehensive investigation, statistical statements are compiled from top to bottom by the competent department of * * * according to statistical laws and regulations in the form of statistical tables and administrative means, and then summarized and reported from bottom to top by enterprises and institutions to provide basic statistical data step by step. & gt
Question 6: What are the organizational forms of statistical investigation? The main organizational forms of statistical investigation are: statistical statements and special surveys.
Specialized surveys are divided into general surveys, key surveys, typical surveys and sampling surveys.