Cao Rulin (1877— 1966), whose real name is Runtian, was originally from Zhejiang. Senior official in the early years of the Republic of China, new Minister of Communications. 1877 was born in Shanghai. He entered a private school when he was a child, and then went to Hanyang Railway School to study.
He studied at Hosei University in Japan in his early years, and returned to China in 1904 to participate in the "special economic course", and was awarded the title of chief officer by the Qing court. Cao Rulin worked in the Commerce Department of the Ministry of Commerce and was later transferred to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
1965438+In August 2003, he served as Foreign Minister of Yuan Shikai's government. 19 15 1 participated in the "Article 21" negotiations with Japanese ministers. 19 16 served as the chief of communications in April, then as the chief of foreign affairs and the prime minister of Bank of Communications.
1917 65438+10, he borrowed 5 million yen from banks such as Societe Generale of Japan through Kikuzo Nishihara. 1965438+In July 2007, he served as the Chief Transport Officer of Duan Cabinet. In March of the following year, he concurrently served as the chief financial officer and borrowed a lot from Japan as a military salary.
19 18 autumn, lost the sovereignty of Shandong railway and borrowed from Japan again.
Cao Rulin was regarded as a traitor in the May 4th Movement, because he humiliated his power and country several times, borrowed a lot from Japan, and was also a participant in the "Article 21" negotiations.
19 15 181October 18, the Japanese ambassador to China called on Yuan Shikai, President of the Republic of China, to submit the required documents for item 2 1 and asked the government to "keep it absolutely confidential and reply as soon as possible".
After that, Japanese imperialism used coercion and inducements to negotiate for five months in an attempt to force Yuan Shikai's government to sign 21 unreasonable demands and put China's territory, politics, military affairs and finance under Japanese control, which was called "21 Articles" between China and. After the Sino-Japanese negotiations, Yuan Shikai was forced to sign the unequal treaty "Sino-Japanese Fourth People's Treaty".
However, it should be noted that "Article 21" cannot be equated with "Four Treaties between China, Japan and the People".
Extended data:
19 19 On May 4th, the May 4th Movement took place, which can be called the May 4th Movement that changed the history of China. Cao Rulin, then director of the Communications Department, never imagined that he and two other Japanese "returnees" and Lu Hui became the three most famous traitors in the Republic of China.
Cao Rulin traveled to Japan at the age of 25 and completed his studies at the age of 28. At the age of 29, he returned to China to take the special examination for foreign students in the Qing Dynasty and won the second place. 365,438+0 years old, appointed by the Western Empress Dowager to explain the Japanese Constitution in detail.
Cao Rulin is defined as one of the origins of famous traitors, which can be traced back to 1905. On June/KOOC-0/65438+/KOOC-0/October/KOOC-0/7 this year, Yi Kuang and Hisataro, plenipotentiaries of China and Japan, held negotiations on the Treaty of the Three Northeast Provinces in Beijing. Yuan Shikai participated as one of the Chinese representatives, and Cao Rulin, a Japanese expert, appeared as Yuan Shikai's assistant.
The Agreement on the Affairs of the Three Northeast Provinces and the Supplementary Agreement signed in this negotiation actually make the interests secretly embezzled by Japan detailed and open.
19 13 After Yuan Shikai became president, Cao Rulin changed from a consultant to a vice foreign minister and sat in the crater of diplomacy with Japan.
19 15 181October 18, Japan submitted a document with warships and guns openly printed on it (that is, the "Article 21" called traitors at that time).
Cao Rulin described this history in his memoir "Memories of a Life": At this meeting, I worked hard with the general manager Lu Zixing (another name is Lu Zongxiang) and made a decision before moving ... The Japanese proposed 2 1, but the number of participants was less than 10.
The fifth condition of humiliating the country was finally rejected and withdrawn. Although we can't be complacent about the result of the meeting, manager Lu and I have done our best. The world talks about this matter without paying attention to the content, spreading wrong information and losing the truth.
1965438+On May 9, 2005, when Cao Rulin and others sent "Article 21" to the Japanese legation, Cao Rulin was also "sad, if he had the feeling of being handed down by himself".
People's Daily Online-wronged Cao Rulin: boycotting Article 21 but being called a traitor.
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