One is "active take-off", a technical style characterized by taking off with legs in the second and third jumps. To this end, athletes began to take off in the air-bending their legs and lifting their knees in the air. Then quickly stretch your legs and land on the ground, so that the distance of the second jump is obviously extended. Its outstanding feature is that the first jump distance is long, and the thigh is lifted higher in the air stage before the leg is released ("high swing leg"). Then, from top to bottom, the legs hit the ground to ensure the active coordination of support and action. This way can further extend the distance of the second hop, but at the same time it will cause the third hop.
The "contribution" of three jumps to the total score decreased [1]. The second is the "vertical" take-off technique, which is characterized by no thigh "high swing" action, the calf gathers to the thigh, and then the leg falls vertically and touches the ground. Athletes who adopt this technical style have outstanding qualities of speed and strength. The third is the "paddling" take-off technique, which is characterized in that after the thigh is "raised", the straight leg touches the ground actively with the "paddling" action. The main qualities of athletes adopting this technical style are strength quality and speed strength quality. The fourth is the "running" take-off technique, which is characterized by rapid advancement in the process of triple jump. The take-off leg enters the take-off by running, and the upper body keeps running forward. The first task of athletes who adopt this technical style is to keep the speed of entering the third jump. For these athletes, the quality that plays a major role is speed quality. I suggest you practice the first technical action more, pay more attention to the active "scraping" action of your feet during the three jumps, swing your arms with your body movements, and keep your upper body upright and not inclined. The reason why I can't take the second step is because of the strength of my legs and joints. You can try to reduce the run-up speed appropriately, control the distance and height of the first jump (don't jump too high or too far), and make a "flat jump", so that you can control the second jump well.
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The triple jump originated in Scotland and Ireland in the middle of18th century, and their jumping methods were different. Scotland uses jump, jump and jump, while Ireland uses jump, jump and jump. Now it is stipulated that you must jump in Scotland. The earliest official competition can be traced back to the Scottish Regional Games held for the first time on March 1826, and Andre Betty set the first record of 12.95 meters. In the competition, athletes should jump three times in a row in different forms after the run-up. The first jump is one-legged jump, landing with the take-off leg; The second jump is a step jump, and the swinging leg touches the ground; The third jump is a jump, and you must land on your feet and fall into the bunker. The men's triple jump was listed as the first Olympic event in 1896, and the women's triple jump was gradually widely developed in the early 1980s, and was listed as an Olympic event in 1992 [2]. The triple jump consists of one-leg jump, step jump and jump. Practicing triple jump has the same exercise value as long jump.
Triple jump grade
At present, the level of Chinese triple jumpers is:12.00 m; National triple jumpers13.50m; National double jumpers15.25m; International first jumper16.00m; National elite athletes16.80m; International elite athletes.
Edit this paragraph to develop.
Triple jump is a late-developing event in track and field. 1896 In the first Olympic Games, the triple jump was listed as an official event, and the highest score at that time was 13.8+0 meters. At first, the technical requirements of triple jump were relatively low, and people had little knowledge of the technical characteristics of this sport. The stride jump of the second jump is only a transition between the first jump and the third jump. 1936, Japanese athletes jumped16m for the first time. Their technical characteristics are high and far in the first jump, strong take-off and dexterous movements. But the second jump is slow, the distance is short, and the rhythm of the three jumps is uneven. Since then, athletes from all over the world have made great efforts to make the triple jump develop into a technical stage in which the triple jump is closely linked and there is no pause. 1955, a Brazilian athlete jumped out of the new level of 16.56 meters. In the mid-1950s, Soviet athletes improved the "one-leg jump" technique, which was characterized by high parabola, leg changing in the later stage and high swing landing, so that their performance was improved again. In the early 1960s, Polish athletes jumped 17m, which was technically characterized by fast jump assist speed, low parabola, good forward movement and long jump in the third jump. People have deepened their understanding of triple jump through continuous sports practice. Triple jump is the movement of jumping three times in a straight line after the run-up. Because this sport has a great burden on the lower limbs, it requires higher physical fitness than other events. It requires athletes to have fast run-up speed, good jumping ability and strong leg strength.
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One-legged jump, step jump after landing, jump after landing with swinging legs, and landing in the bunker with both feet. The performance of triple jump also depends on the horizontal speed obtained during the run-up and the vertical speed produced by the take-off, and is also related to the quality of each movement, the ability to keep balance and the proportion of triple jump. Because the horizontal speed obtained from the run-up is decreasing in the process of triple jump, how to reduce the loss of horizontal speed and obtain a reasonable vertical speed is the main problem to be solved in triple jump technology.
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In recent 20 years, the technical level of triple jump has made great progress, and the world record has been broken many times. We have noticed that the triple jump technique has developed from high jump and flat jump to speed jump. 1At the 5th World Championship in 1995, British athlete Edward broke the world record with an excellent performance of18.29m, making this speed technique almost perfect. Edward's amazing jump not only marks the unprecedented level of triple jump, but also shows people that triple jump technology has reached a brand-new stage. There is no doubt that speed technology is the inevitable trend of the development of triple jump technology in the world today [3]. Therefore, we can think that the triple jump is essentially a speed event. In this case, speed should play an important role in triple jump training, and speed should run through all aspects of triple jump training. In the past strength training of triple jump, we often paid little attention to speed. Since the technology of triple jump has developed in the direction of speed, there is no doubt that triple jump needs speed strength. In the future, in the strength training of triple jump, we should focus on developing the speed strength of athletes. In the past, many traditional strength training methods obviously could not meet the needs of modern triple jump technology. In view of this situation, we have chosen some methods and means to develop the speed and strength of triple jumpers, including fast strength exercises and fast jumping exercises, for your reference only. First, rapid strength training is the so-called speed strength, which we usually call explosive force. As the name implies, it is the triple jump bunker of the Beijing Olympic Games.
Quantity and speed. Therefore, triple jumpers must have speed requirements when doing strength exercises. In the past, when we were practicing strength, we often only asked athletes to bear the weight, but ignored the requirement of speed. In order to adapt to the development trend of triple jump technology to speed, we should choose those fast strength training methods to develop the speed strength of triple jumpers. Such as: quick snatch, back shot put, front shot put, barbell fast stand, kettle bell squat jump, barbell squat jump, barbell lunge jump, one-legged hurdle rack of heavy sand vest, two-legged hurdle rack of heavy sand vest, box jumping of heavy sand vest, deep heartbeat of heavy sand back, step jumping of heavy sand vest, one-legged jumping platform of heavy sand vest. Triple jumpers should pay attention to the following aspects when doing fast strength exercises: (1) All lower limb weight-bearing exercises need athletes to jump to get closer to jumping exercises. (2) When doing strength exercises, we must emphasize the range and speed of movements. (3) Athletes should wear elastic sports shoes to cushion and protect the waist, knees and ankles when doing various weight-bearing jumping exercises. In order to adapt to the development trend of triple jump technology to speed, we should choose some fast jump exercises or timed jump exercises with run-up to replace some traditional jump exercises. It is best for these exercises to be composed of one-leg jumping exercises with approach to specific events, and athletes should have speed requirements when doing these exercises. Such as: five-step jump of run-up, five-step jump of run-up, ten-step jump of run-up, one-step jump of 50-60m timing, one-step jump of 50-60m timing and two-step jump of 50-60m timing. When developing athletes' fast jumping ability, we should pay attention to the following problems: (1) In fast jumping practice, generally, 5~6 steps of run-up are adopted. With the gradual improvement of athletes' training level, the number and speed of run-up can be appropriately increased. (2) At the beginning of the training, do all kinds of jumping exercises on the soft ground, such as sawdust track or lawn, and it is best to do it on the beach if possible. After a period of adaptive training, practice on the runway. (3) According to the principle of step by step, when doing various jumping exercises, we should first emphasize the number of exercises, that is, the number of repetitions of exercises, and then ask for the intensity of exercises. (4) In any kind of jumping practice, the range of action should be required first, and when the athlete can complete the action correctly, the speed of action should be required accordingly.
Edit this weak leg training
1. weak leg training method: arrange some weak leg jumping exercises before long jump practice. Only when the jumping ability of weak legs is improved can it help to improve their long jump ability. (1)6-step run-up jump on the sponge mat. Students jump on the sponge mat with 6-step run-up and weak leg take-off, one-legged jump or long jump. If one foot jumps, one foot falls on the sponge mat, while in the long jump, the foot falls on the sponge mat. This kind of exercise is safe and can stimulate students' interest in learning. (2) Six-step run-up single-leg triple jump. In the 6-step run-up, the students do a single-leg triple jump with weak legs, and then their feet fall into the bunker. It should be noted here that you should land with your whole foot every time you take off. (3)6-step run-up hurdle. In the 6-step run-up, students keep jumping over hurdles with their weak legs. The height of hurdles and the distance between hurdles depend on the quality level of students. (4) 6 ~ 8 steps of rubber band jump. It is safer for students to jump over the rubber band continuously with their weak legs in the run-up of 6 ~ 8 steps. The height of the rubber band can be appropriately increased to increase the difficulty of practice and improve the practice effect. (5)6 ~ 8 steps of run-up to touch the height. Students take off with weak legs in 6 ~ 8 steps, and touch high with the opposite arm of the take-off leg. (6) 6 ~ 8 run-up weak leg long jump. Students take 6 ~ 8 steps to run weak legs for long jump, which is no different from general long jump. However, students should be required to pay attention to aerial technical movements and landing technical movements. (7) 10 ~ 12 run-up weak leg long jump. (8) 14 ~ 16 run-up weak leg long jump. 2. Weak leg training should pay attention to the following problems: (1) The speed of triple jump is still very high in the third jump. According to this situation, weak leg jump and long jump should be practiced under the condition of fast run-up to meet the needs of special events. (2) Jumping practice is the basis of long jump practice. So we should practice jumping at first, and then practice long jump after the athletes have a certain foundation. (3) Generally speaking, the weak legs used by athletes in the third jump are relatively weak, so attention should be paid to gradual progress in practice to avoid excessive local burden and injury accidents. (4) When doing weak leg jump and long jump exercises, we must pay attention to emphasizing the big swing arm action of swinging legs with two arms. Because the swinging action of the athlete's arm and swinging leg is very important in the third jump.
Edit this world record
Men's triple jump: 1995.08.07 Englishman Edwards18.29m women's triple jump: 1995.08. 10 Ukrainian Inasa kravitz15.50m.
Edit this Olympic competition
In the competition, athletes should jump three times in a row in different forms after the run-up. The first jump is one-legged jump, landing with the take-off leg; The second jump is a step jump, swinging your legs and landing; The third jump is a jump, and you must land on your feet and fall into the bunker. Detailed rules 1. The order of athletes' trial jumps is determined by drawing lots. 2. If there are more than 8 athletes, each athlete should be allowed to try to jump 3 times. The top 8 athletes with the best effective results can try to jump three times, and the order of the trial jump is opposite to the ranking after the first three attempts. If the eighth place is equal after the third attempt, it will be handled according to the rule 146 3. When there are only 8 people or less in the competition, each person can try to jump 6 times. Once the competition starts, athletes are not allowed to practice by means of competition. 4. If one of the following circumstances occurs, it is judged as a failure in the trial jump: (1) In the run-up or non-jump jump, the athlete touches the ground outside the jump line with any part of his body; (b) Jumping from the front or rear of jumper extension lines other than the two ends of the springboard; (c) Touching the ground outside the landing area during landing, and the contact point outside the landing area is closer to the jumper than the nearest contact point in the area; (d) After completing the test jump, walk backwards out of the landing zone; (e) Take any somersault position. Note: it is not a foul for an athlete to run out of the approach mark line at any position during the run-up process. 5. In addition to the provisions in 4(b) above, it is effective for athletes to take off behind the springboard. 6. When measuring the performance, it should be measured from the nearest point where any part of the athlete touches the ground to the jump shot or the extension line of the jump shot, and the measuring line should be perpendicular to the jump shot or its extension line. 7. Each athlete's best 1 trial jump performance, including the trial jump performance of the final ranking match due to the equal performance of 1, shall be regarded as the final result. Run-up on the eighth runway. The run-up lane is at least 40 meters long, and at least 45 meters when conditions permit. The minimum width of the run-up lane is1.22m, and the maximum width is1.25m. The run-up lane shall be marked with a white line with a width of 5cm. 9. The maximum left-right inclination of the approach road shall not exceed 1: 100, and the total inclination of the driving direction shall not exceed 1: 1000. 10. castanets: In order to help the run-up and take-off, athletes can run on the run-up runway. 1 ~ 2 mark (approved or provided by the organizing Committee) is placed next to it. If such a mark is not provided, athletes may use adhesive tape, but chalk or any other similar substance that cannot erase traces is prohibited. Take the springboard in the long jump. 1 1. The springboard is a sign of takeoff, so it should be placed underground, and its upper edge should be flush with the ground of the approach road and landing area. The edge of the springboard near the landing area is called the platform. A plasticine display board should be placed near the high jumper to facilitate the referee's judgment. If the above device cannot be installed, the following methods should be adopted to lay soft soil or sand near the front of the jumper, with a width of cm and an angle of 30 degrees with the horizontal plane. 12, the distance from the springboard to the far end of the landing area should not be less than10m. 13. The distance from the springboard to the near end of the landing area is 1 ~ 3m. Structure: The springboard should be rectangular, made of wood or other suitable hard materials, with a length of .21~1.22m, a width of 20cm (2mm), a thickness of10cm and painted white. 15. plasticine exhibition board: made of wood or other suitable materials, with a hard texture and a length of. Zi ~ 1.22m, cm (2mm) wide. This board should be placed in the recess or shelf in front of the springboard, and the height is 7 mm higher than the springboard. The edge of the exhibition board should be inclined to the direction of the run-up lane by 30 degrees, and the inclined surface should be covered with 1 mm thick plasticine, or the corners should be cut off and filled with plasticine to make it inclined by 30 degrees. When the display board is installed in the groove, all devices must be strong enough to bear all the force of the athlete's jumping feet. The display board under the plasticine should be made of a material that allows the athlete's shoe needle to grasp firmly and not slip. The plasticine layer can be leveled with a roller or other scraper to eliminate the athlete's footprint. Note: it is more convenient to have spare rubber clay tablets, and eliminating footprints will not delay the game. The falling area is 16. The minimum width of the falling area is 2.75m, and the maximum width is 3m. If possible, his runway should be in the center of the landing zone. When extended, the center line of the run-up lane coincides with the center line of the landing zone. Note: When the center line of the landing area does not coincide with the center line of the approach road, one or two isolation belts should be arranged in the landing area to make the two lines coincide. 17, the landing area should be filled with wet sand, and the sand surface should be flush with the springboard. 1. The order of triple jump is one jump, one span and one jump. 2. Touch the ground with the take-off leg when jumping on one foot, touch the ground with the other leg (swinging leg) when striding, and then complete the jumping action. When an athlete swings his leg and touches the ground in the jump, it should not be regarded as a failure in the trial jump. The springboard of the triple jump. Springboard: the distance from the springboard to the far end of the landing area shall not be less than 2 1 m. 4. In international competitions, it is suggested that the distance from the springboard to the near end of the landing area should not be less than 13m. In other competitions, this distance should be adapted to the competition level. 5. In order to facilitate the athletes to complete the jumping action, at least1.22m wide monitoring and homogeneous ground should be provided between the springboard and the landing area.
Edit site facilities in this section.
One of the facilities of track and field triple jump competition venues. It consists of run-up path, springboard, take-off exhibition board, plasticine exhibition board and landing area. The distance from the men's springboard to the near end of the landing area is not less than 13m, and that of women is not less than11m..
Edit this paragraph to watch the game etiquette.
(1) Take a seat in the designated audience seat. (2) Loud noise, slapstick, fighting and smoking are strictly prohibited in the competition venue. The mobile phone should be turned off or set to vibrate and mute. (3) Don't be stingy with applause. (4) Support the athletes in time. (5) Take good care of public facilities and keep the site clean. Don't throw scraps of paper, peels and empty bottles and cans everywhere.
Edit this historical celebrity
The earliest official competition can be traced back to the Scottish Regional Games held for the first time on March 1826, and Andre Betty set the first record of 12.95 meters. Victor Saneyev 1945 10 was born on 10 on 3 October, and he was keen on Victor Saneyev when he was a teenager.
In high jump, due to knee injury, I later changed to long jump and triple jump. Saneyev, 1964, age 18, champion of long jump and triple jump in European Youth Championship. 1967, his long jump score was 7.50m, and his triple jump score was16.67m, both of which reached the world-class level. In order to get good results in next year's Olympic Games, he made a wise choice and decided to focus on the triple jump. 1968 10 6 17, at the 19 Olympic Games, Saneyev competed with world famous athletes Prudencio and Gendi. Le scrambled to set a new world record, and finally Saneyev won the gold medal and set a world record of 17.39 meters. 1972 In the 20th Olympic Games, he won the championship again with a score of 17.35 meters. In the same year, 65438+1October 65438+July, Saneyev once again set a new world record with a score of17.44m.. The distance and proportion of the triple jump are 6.50m (37.3%), 4.93m (28.7%) and 6.0 1m (34%), which is a typical "high jump" technique. 1976 Saneyev won the Olympic gold medal for the third time with a score of 17.29 meters. From 65438 to 0980, 35-year-old Saneyev didn't win the top three in the domestic Olympic trials, but the sports authorities of the former Soviet Union made an exception and let him participate in the 22nd Olympic Games. He lived up to expectations and won the silver medal with a score of 17.24 meters, almost completing the great cause of four consecutive championships. Saneyev participated in the Olympic Games for four times and won three gold medals and one silver medal, making him the athlete who won the most gold medals in triple jump in Olympic history. From 1968 to 1976, the triple jump world record was set three times, ranking first in the world for nine consecutive years. American Track and Field News named him "the world's best male track and field athlete in the 1970s". In CF; W+S can only jump on the highland once every short time! !