Volcano knowledge class 1. Volcano teaching plan for high-quality class in kindergarten
Activity design background
Because the children learned about the recent volcanic eruption in Iceland through TV, they were very interested in talking to each other. Combined with the textbook of our class this semester, we designed such a class to explain the complicated problem of volcanic eruption to children in a simple way through a small experiment, which not only satisfied their curiosity, but also learned scientific knowledge.
moving target
1, cultivate children's interest in scientific knowledge and exploration spirit.
2. Understand the cause and process of volcanic eruption and the influence of volcanic activity on human beings.
3. Exercise children's hands-on ability.
Teaching emphases and difficulties
Focus on understanding the process of volcanic eruption and the impact of volcanic activity on human beings.
Difficulties and causes of volcanic eruption.
Activities to be prepared
1, children's books, pencils, trays.
2. A balloon, a volcano model, red powder, baking soda powder, white vinegar, two spoons and a straw.
3, teaching courseware, computer, projector, audio.
Activity process
First, the beginning part
1, dialogue import
At Dashan's house, there is a guy with a particularly bad temper, named volcano. You see, he lost his temper again. ...
Second, the basic part
1, play the courseware
Step 2 ask questions. Did the children see what happened?
Step 3 ask questions. Why do volcanoes erupt?
Children speak freely.
Summary: The magma under the crust is under great pressure from the interior of the earth. When it meets a thin part of the earth's crust, it breaks through the earth's crust and spews out, forming a volcanic eruption. (Explain and demonstrate the principle with balloons)
4. What is it like when a volcano erupts? (Play the courseware again)
Please raise your hand and answer.
Teacher's summary: When a volcano erupts, it first ejects gas and toxic gas, then ejects a lot of volcanic ash and rock fragments, then magma ejects and flows down the crater to form lava flow, and finally the lava cools and the volcano gradually subsides. (Show four pictures)
5. Ask the children to rank the four pictures in the order of volcanic eruption.
6. What are the effects of questioning and volcanic eruption on us? (Show pictures) Let the children observe and raise their hands to answer.
7. Summary: Volcanic activity has both bad and good effects on human beings. Toxic gases emitted by volcanic activities have adverse effects on the health of human beings, animals and plants; Volcanic ash will cover large areas of houses and crops, affecting people's production and life; Hot lava will cause fire and threaten people's lives and property; Volcanic activity will form new land; Volcanic activity will contribute to the formation of rare minerals such as diamonds. (Summarize while showing pictures)
Third, the conclusion part.
Let a child demonstrate the experiment of volcanic eruption with the teacher.
Fourth, activity extension.
When the corner is active, the children experience the experiment of volcanic eruption.
Teaching reflection
The success of this lesson lies in that the preparation of courseware attracts children's attention, and children are more interested in the content of this lesson. The shortcomings are that the courseware application is not skilled enough, and the height of the volcano model is too low, which causes the children behind to be unable to see clearly, which needs to be improved, and more learning is needed in the scientific nature of language guidance.
2. Knowledge about volcanoes and the earth's crust
Volcanoes are formed by crustal movement. In the process of steel plate movement, the rocks in the crust will be squeezed or stretched, constantly changing and forming folds. When the pressure on the rock stratum reaches a certain level, it suddenly breaks, and then an earthquake may occur. There are hundreds of ground fissures in the world every year, but most of them are very weak. Only a few earthquakes have a strong sense of shock, causing landslides, ground fissures and house collapses.
Volcanic eruptions and strong earthquakes are irresistible natural disasters, which will cause great losses to human life and property. Now, people can use sophisticated instruments to monitor the changes in the earth's crust and predict the occurrence of earthquakes. With the improvement of prediction accuracy, the occurrence of disasters will gradually decrease, and the losses caused by earthquakes will also gradually decrease.
In addition, some
Earthquake:
1, philosophers and thinkers of various nationalities have made various explanations on the causes of earthquakes, and China's contribution in this field is unparalleled. As far back as 2700 years ago in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Bai Yang's father thought that "the sun can't come out and the shade can't be steamed, so there is an earthquake." This is the philosophical theory of Yin and Yang.
2. Since ancient times, due to the backwardness of science, human beings have always attributed earthquake disasters to God's natural forces. Many ethnic groups believe that the earth is supported by some animals, and when these animals move, earthquakes will occur. For example, some tribes in India believe that there are several elephants standing on the tortoise carrying the earth, and an earthquake will occur when the elephants move. It is generally believed in Japan that the earthquake was caused by the underground catfish turning over. If the catfish is stopped, the world will be peaceful. In ancient Greece, it was said that the sea god hit the seabed with a trident when he was angry, causing earthquakes and tsunamis.
3. Since 1960s, scientists have gradually put forward the theory of plate tectonics. The lithosphere on the earth's surface consists of several huge plates. These plates either separate from each other or collide and subduct. Plate boundaries are often earthquakes. An area where volcanic activity is particularly active. However, the principle of intraplate earthquakes is still unclear.
4. 1996, a strong earthquake of magnitude 8.3 occurred in San Francisco, USA, causing serious losses. After the earthquake, it was found that there were dislocations on both sides of the 430-kilometer-long San Andreas fault on the west coast of North America. American seismologist Fred put forward the theory of elastic resilience through research. According to this theory, rocks are deformed by earthquake movement. When the deformation exceeds a certain degree, the rock breaks and dislocates violently, and then the deformed rock bounces back to its original state, which is the process of earthquake occurrence. The picture shows the St. Frederick fault, the nest of the earthquake.
Modern science explains the causes of earthquakes as follows:
Because the earth is constantly moving and changing, it gradually accumulates huge energy, causing sudden rupture of rock strata or dislocation of original faults in some fragile areas of the crust. This is an earthquake.
Most earthquakes occur in the earth's crust.
Earthquakes are divided into tectonic earthquakes, volcanic earthquakes, subsidence earthquakes and induced earthquakes.
Tectonic earthquake means that under the action of tectonic movement, when the local stress reaches and exceeds the strength limit of rock stratum, the rock stratum will suddenly deform or even rupture, and the energy will be released at once, causing ground motion. This kind of earthquake is called tectonic earthquake, accounting for more than 90% of the total number of earthquakes.
Volcanic earthquake refers to an earthquake that occurs in the deep underground due to the fracture or collapse of the overlying strata due to the loss of a large amount of magma, the reduction of underground pressure or the lack of time to replenish magma. The number of such earthquakes is small, accounting for only about 7% of the total number of earthquakes.
Collapse earthquake is a local earthquake caused by underground cave or goaf collapse. Collapse earthquakes are all the results of gravity, with small scale and low frequency, accounting for only about 3% of the total number of earthquakes.
Artificial earthquakes and induced earthquakes are earthquakes caused by artificial blasting, mining, military construction and underground nuclear tests. Earthquakes caused by human production activities Some fault activities are called induced earthquakes, mainly including reservoir earthquakes, deep well pumping and water injection induced earthquakes, nuclear tests induced earthquakes, and mining activities and irrigation can also induce earthquakes. Since the storage of Xinfengjiang Reservoir in Guangdong Province in June 1959+00, 337 earthquakes have been recorded by the end of June 1987, among which an earthquake with magnitude of 6. 1 occurred in June/962, resulting in cracks 82 meters long in the concrete dam.
3. Help me find some knowledge about geography in Grade One. (For example, introduce a place or a volcano.
Tianchi Volcano in Changbai Mountain: Changbai Mountain is located in the southeast border of Jilin Province, with the main peak of Bai Yunfeng at an altitude of 269 1m, which is the highest peak in Northeast China.
Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountain and its surrounding areas are the source of Songhua River, Yalu River and Tumen River. The elevation of Tianchi water surface is 2 189.
Changbai Mountain has a complete vertical landscape and primitive ecosystem. It is a typical natural complex and one of the largest nature reserves in China.
Tianchi volcano in Changbai Mountain is the best preserved Cenozoic multi-genetic compound volcano in China, and its volcanic activity has experienced shield-building (2. 77- 1。
Early Pleistocene 203Ma), coning (1. 12-0。
04Ma middle-late Pleistocene and Holocene eruption, the magma composition of the three stages represents the evolution process from basaltic to trachyte to alkaline fluid. There have been many eruptions in the history of Changbai Mountain, and the two eruptions of Tianchi volcano 1668 and 1702 are credible.
According to the study of volcanic geology and 14C chronology, Tianchi volcano has erupted at least twice since Holocene (1 199, about 5000 years ago). The Tianchi volcano erupted in1199 ~1201year, which was the biggest eruption event in the world in recent 2000 years, and the volcanic ash spewed out landed as far as the Sea of Japan and northern Japan.
65438-0997, the national key project "Monitoring and Research of Some Modern Active Volcanoes in China" was started. Seismological Bureau of China started monitoring and research in Tianchi Volcano Area of Changbai Mountain.
After several years of research, experts believe that Changbai Mountain is a dormant active volcano. Although it has been dormant for 300 years, it is not uncommon for volcanoes that have been dormant for hundreds of years in the world to erupt again. Geophysical exploration shows that there are signs of crustal magma sac under Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountain, and Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountain is in danger of erupting again. Its eruption form is explosive, and its destructive power is even greater because of the existence of 2 billion tons of water in Tianchi Lake.
During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the Seismological Bureau of China and the Seismological Bureau of Jilin Province set up volcano monitoring stations in Tianchi, Changbai Mountain, including digital earthquake monitoring network, fixed-point deformation observation system, GPS mobile observation network and geochemical observation network. The implementation of the Ninth Five-Year Plan ended the undefended situation of Tianchi volcano.
Judging from the current observation results, there is no sign of volcanic recovery, and people can safely enjoy the rich resources and beautiful scenery endowed by nature to Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountain. Tengchong Volcano Area is located in the southwest border of Yunnan Province, including most of Tengchong County and a small part of lianghe county. Yamazaki has beautiful scenery, rich natural resources and rich human landscape.
But the most spectacular sights in this area are volcanoes, blazing oceans and earthquakes. Tengchong is one of the most famous volcanic areas in China, with 68 Cenozoic volcanoes and 139 hot springs.
At the same time, Tengchong is a famous seismic activity area in western China, which integrates volcano, geothermal, hot spring and seismic activity, which is rare in other parts of the world. Tengchong volcano: More than 300 years ago, Xu Xiake inspected Tengchong volcano and geothermal energy. There is no evidence of chronology and other related aspects about whether the "mountain fire" recorded in Xu Xiake's travel notes is the cause of volcanic eruption.
According to the description of Li Genyuan's Biography of Mangshan Mountain, "Tengchong has many volcanoes, recorded in Chenghua, Zhengde, Jiajing and Wanli years (A.D. 1465- 1620)", it shows that there were eruption activities in Tengchong volcanic area hundreds of years ago. Tengchong Volcano Area is the most obvious geothermal display area in China active volcano area. For example, the water temperature in the hot sea area is around 100℃, and hydrothermal activity seems to be increasing in recent years, with many hydrothermal explosions.
Deep geophysical exploration shows that there are obvious low-speed anomalies in the upper crust near the geothermal field in Tengchong volcanic area. Tengchong Volcano Area is located near the bend of Yarlung Zangbo River, where Tengchong Volcano is located at the junction of the northern and eastern collision zones of Indian plate. At present, various tectonic activities are fierce, which naturally increases people's worries about the re-eruption of Tengchong volcano.
Experts believe that Tengchong volcano has the potential danger of continuing to erupt. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, China Seismological Bureau and Yunnan Seismological Bureau established Tengchong Volcano Observatory, established mobile seismic network, horizontal deformation network, leveling and gravity observation network, ultra-low frequency electromagnetic wave observation station, and newly drilled geochemical comprehensive observation well of 65,438 0.20 meters, and began to comprehensively monitor volcanoes.
Wudalianchi Volcano Group in Heilongjiang Province is a famous Quaternary volcanic group in China. It is generally believed that Wudalianchi Volcano Group in Heilongjiang Province consists of 14 volcanoes. If Lotus Mountain in the western part of the Shanghuo Mountain area is counted, Wudalianchi Volcano Group should be composed of 15 volcanoes, and the distribution area of volcanic rocks exceeds 800 km2. Among them, the recent volcanoes include two volcanoes, Laoheishan and Yamakaji.
Both volcanoes are composed of high-potassium basaltic lava shield and volcanic cone, with a total area of about 68. 3km2, lava shield is the main body of volcano.
Laoheishan volcano: Laoheishan volcano is located in the undulating hilly lowland, above the Baihe River Valley, with an altitude of 5 15. 5m, with a total area of about 58.
8km2, with an irregular shield shape (Liu Yongshun, Li, Bai Zhida, Sun Shanping), whose plane shape is restricted by the overflow direction, overflow amount and paleotopography of lava flows. Old Montenegro is a group of stacked cones. There is an asymmetric funnel-shaped crater inclined to the northwest in the center of the volcanic cone. The inner wall of the crater is steep (65-85), the inner diameter of the crater edge is 350m, and the crater depth is136m. ..
The cone of Laoheishan is mainly composed of volcanic slag, volcanic agglomerate, volcanic breccia, volcanic ash and pumice, with a thin layer of lava between them. Yamakaji is located about 3 kilometers northeast of Laoheishan, overlapping on the northeast edge of the lava in Laoheishan. It is a group of overlapping cones with an altitude of 340 meters and an area of 9.
5km2, the main body of lava flows northward, and the overflow amount is 0. 26km2, on which the volcanic cone is located, and the fragment volume is about 0.
008 square kilometers. Yamakaji Cone consists of volcanic agglomerate, volcanic breccia, volcanic bomb, lava block and volcanic slag.
Yamakaji is a sinkhole with steep inner wall and low bottom, with a diameter of 400 meters and a depth of 63 meters (Liu Yongshun, Li, Bai Zhida and Sun Shanping). Lao Heishan (elevation 5 15.
Yamakaji represents the latest activity of the potassium-rich volcanic belt. 1719 ~1721year ago erupted less than 300 years ago, which is the most accurate active volcano in China with historical records and eruption time and place. According to "Notes on the Outside of Heilongjiang" published by Jiaxing in Qing Dynasty, "In the southeast of Mo Ergen (now Nenjiang County), one day a fire suddenly broke out underground, stones flew up, and the sound shook the fields. The fire burned for several days.
4. Knowledge about volcanoes and the earth's crust
Volcanoes are formed by crustal movement. In the process of steel plate movement, the rocks in the crust will be squeezed or stretched, constantly changing and forming folds. When the pressure of the rock stratum reaches a certain level, it suddenly breaks, and then an earthquake may occur. There are hundreds of ground fissures in the world every year, but most of them are very weak. Only a few earthquakes will have strong earthquakes, causing landslides and ground fissures. House collapse, volcanic eruption and strong earthquake are irresistible natural disasters, which will cause great losses to human life and property. Now, people can use sophisticated instruments to monitor the changes in the earth's crust and predict the occurrence of earthquakes. With the improvement of prediction accuracy, the occurrence of disasters will gradually decrease. Gradually reduce the losses caused by the earthquake. In addition, some earthquakes: 1. Philosophers and thinkers of various nationalities have made various explanations on the causes of earthquakes, and China's contribution in this field is unparalleled. As early as 2700 years ago in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Bai Yang's father thought that "Yang Can can't get out, the shade can't be steamed, so there is an earthquake." This is the "theory of yin and yang" in philosophy. Due to the backwardness of science, human beings have always attributed earthquake disasters to God and God's natural forces. Many ethnic groups believe that the earth is supported by some animals, and when these animals move, earthquakes will occur. For example, some tribes in India believe that there are several elephants standing on turtles carrying the earth, and earthquakes will occur when the elephants move. It is widely spread in Japan that the earthquake was caused by the underground catfish turning over, and it is peaceful for the world to hold catfish. In ancient Greece, it was said that Poseidon hit the seabed with a trident when he was angry. As a result, earthquakes and tsunamis happened. 3. Since 1960s, scientists have gradually put forward the theory of plate tectonics. The lithosphere on the earth's surface consists of several huge plates. These plates either separate from each other or collide and subduct. Plate boundaries are usually areas where earthquakes and volcanic activities are particularly active. However, the principle of intraplate earthquakes is still unclear. From 4.65438 to 096, a strong earthquake of magnitude 8.3 occurred in San Francisco, USA. Seriously damaged. After the earthquake, it was found that there was a dislocation on both sides of the 430-kilometer-long San Andreas fault on the west coast of North America. Through research, American seismologist Germany put forward the elastic rebound theory. According to this theory, rocks are deformed due to earthquake movement. When the deformation exceeds a certain degree, the rocks are violently fractured and dislocated, and the deformed rocks will rebound and return to their original state. This is the process of an earthquake. The picture shows the nest of the earthquake, the San Frederic fault. Modern science explains the causes of earthquakes as follows: due to the constant movement and change of the earth, huge energy is gradually accumulated, which leads to the sudden rupture of rock layers in some fragile areas of the earth's crust or the dislocation of the original faults. This is an earthquake. Most earthquakes occur in the earth's crust. Earthquakes can be divided into four types: tectonic earthquakes, volcanic earthquakes, subsidence earthquakes and induced earthquakes. Tectonic earthquake means that under the action of tectonic movement, when the local stress reaches or exceeds the strength limit of rock stratum, the rock stratum will suddenly deform or even rupture, and the energy will be released at once, causing ground motion. This kind of earthquake is called tectonic earthquake. Accounting for more than 90% of the total number of earthquakes. Volcanic earthquake refers to an earthquake that occurs after volcanic eruption, because a large amount of magma is lost, the underground pressure is reduced or there is no time to replenish magma in the deep underground, resulting in the fracture or collapse of the overlying strata. The number of such earthquakes is small, accounting for only about 7% of the total number of earthquakes. Collapse earthquake is a local earthquake caused by underground cave or goaf collapse. Collapse earthquakes are the result of gravity, with small scale and few times. It only accounts for about 3% of the total number of earthquakes. Artificial earthquakes and induced earthquakes are earthquakes caused by artificial blasting, mining, military construction and underground nuclear tests. Some faults are caused by human production activities, and the resulting earthquakes are called induced earthquakes, mainly reservoir earthquakes, earthquakes caused by deep well pumping and water injection, and earthquakes caused by nuclear tests. Mining activities, irrigation, etc. It can also induce earthquakes. Since the storage of Xinfengjiang Reservoir in Guangdong Province in June 1959, a total of 337 earthquakes have been recorded up to June 1987, of which an earthquake of magnitude 6. 1 occurred in June/962, resulting in cracks in the 82-meter-long concrete dam.
5. Knowledge about volcanoes and the earth's crust
Volcanoes are formed by crustal movement.
In the process of steel plate movement, the rocks in the crust will be squeezed or stretched, constantly changing and forming folds. When the pressure on the rock stratum reaches a certain level, it suddenly breaks, and then an earthquake may occur.
There are hundreds of ground fissures in the world every year, but most of them are very weak. Only a few earthquakes have a strong sense of shock, causing landslides, ground fissures and house collapses. Volcanic eruptions and strong earthquakes are irresistible natural disasters, which will cause great losses to human life and property.
Now, people can use sophisticated instruments to monitor the changes in the earth's crust and predict the occurrence of earthquakes. With the improvement of prediction accuracy, the occurrence of disasters will gradually decrease, and the losses caused by earthquakes will also gradually decrease.
In addition, some earthquakes: 1, philosophers and thinkers of all ethnic groups have made various explanations of the causes of earthquakes, and China's contribution in this field is unparalleled. As far back as 2700 years ago in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Bai Yang's father thought that "the sun can't come out and the shade can't be steamed, so there is an earthquake."
This is the philosophical theory of Yin and Yang. 2. Since ancient times, due to the backwardness of science, human beings have always attributed earthquake disasters to God's natural forces.
Many ethnic groups believe that the earth is supported by some animals, and when these animals move, earthquakes will occur. For example, some tribes in India believe that there are several elephants standing on the tortoise carrying the earth, and an earthquake will occur when the elephants move.
It is generally believed in Japan that the earthquake was caused by the underground catfish turning over. If the catfish is stopped, the world will be peaceful. In ancient Greece, it was said that the sea god hit the seabed with a trident when he was angry, causing earthquakes and tsunamis.
3. Since 1960s, scientists have gradually put forward the theory of plate tectonics. The lithosphere on the earth's surface consists of several huge plates.
These plates either separate from each other or collide and subduct. Plate boundaries are often earthquakes.
An area where volcanic activity is particularly active. However, the principle of intraplate earthquakes is still unclear.
4. 1996, a strong earthquake of magnitude 8.3 occurred in San Francisco, USA, causing serious losses. After the earthquake, it was found that there were dislocations on both sides of the 430-kilometer-long San Andreas fault on the west coast of North America.
American seismologist Fred put forward the theory of elastic resilience through research. According to this theory, rocks are deformed by earthquake movement. When the deformation exceeds a certain degree, the rock breaks and dislocates violently, and then the deformed rock bounces back to its original state, which is the process of earthquake occurrence.
The picture shows the St. Frederick fault, the nest of the earthquake. Modern science explains the causes of earthquakes as follows: due to the constant movement and change of the earth, huge energy is gradually accumulated, which leads to the sudden rupture of rock strata in some fragile areas of the crust or the dislocation of original faults. This is an earthquake.
Most earthquakes occur in the earth's crust. Earthquakes are divided into tectonic earthquakes, volcanic earthquakes, subsidence earthquakes and induced earthquakes.
Tectonic earthquake means that under the action of tectonic movement, when the local stress reaches and exceeds the strength limit of rock stratum, the rock stratum will suddenly deform or even rupture, and the energy will be released at once, causing ground motion. This kind of earthquake is called tectonic earthquake, accounting for more than 90% of the total number of earthquakes. Volcanic earthquake refers to an earthquake that occurs in the deep underground due to the fracture or collapse of the overlying strata due to the loss of a large amount of magma, the reduction of underground pressure or the lack of time to replenish magma.
The number of such earthquakes is small, accounting for only about 7% of the total number of earthquakes. Collapse earthquake is a local earthquake caused by underground cave or goaf collapse.
Collapse earthquakes are all the results of gravity, with small scale and low frequency, accounting for only about 3% of the total number of earthquakes. Artificial earthquakes and induced earthquakes are earthquakes caused by artificial blasting, mining, military construction and underground nuclear tests.
Earthquakes caused by human production activities Some fault activities are called induced earthquakes, mainly including reservoir earthquakes, deep well pumping and water injection induced earthquakes, nuclear tests induced earthquakes, and mining activities and irrigation can also induce earthquakes. Since the storage of Xinfengjiang Reservoir in Guangdong Province in June 1959+00, 337 earthquakes have been recorded by the end of June 1987, among which an earthquake with magnitude of 6. 1 occurred in June/962, resulting in cracks 82 meters long in the concrete dam.