Democracy and fairness.
Advocating democracy and fairness has been rampant today. All modern fairness has been discounted for various reasons. The fairness of Athenians focuses on the most basic level, that is, equal opportunities for all citizens. Citizens are not only voters, but also take turns to compete for public office by drawing lots, chanting poems, sports competitions and drawing lots. The winner serves as a local governor or judge, and the incompetent can be dismissed at any time. In the eyes of modern people, this unreliable practice that has not been measured and investigated by various indicators is actually the fairest, that is, it avoids any individual, group or force from seeking opportunities and platforms for themselves to be fair agents and legal persons through their own superior strength and conspiracy, and provides equal opportunities for any citizen to try and show their abilities. If so, they will stay for a long time. It doesn't matter if they don't do it, just change people. Even Socrates, who was critical of democratic politics, acknowledged the advantages of democratic politics and appreciated the opportunities and freedoms given to him by the democratic system.
Follow the divine.
Law is a belief first, and then it can be well respected. The early Greeks regarded those inviolable things as the will of God. At first, the legal provisions were generally the orders of tribal chiefs, and later they were endowed with divinity. For example, the twelve Greek gods have their own opinions. The great god Zeus has supreme decision-making power and power. He is the guide of justice, and his rule over mankind is fair and just. His decision is irrevocable. As the goddess of law and justice, Simis assisted Zeus on Mount Olympus. In real life, the oldest Greek property law is mixed in the worship regulations of the ancient temple code. In them and after a long period of time, some phenomena that are considered to be unhappy by God, such as wind, rain and thunder, all have major public actions such as terminating meetings, going out to war and sports meetings, and it is more common for private life to be guided and restrained by God. What can and can't be done, how to do it, and so on. Since it is God's will, the sanctity of law has become people's code of conduct. Socrates' statement also reflects this very clearly. When he was asked how to believe in God, he replied, "According to the laws of your country. 」
A saint in power
Democracy is the way, and fairness is political ethics. But the purpose of politics is the benign result of governance, not the process. Socrates believes that only knowledge is good, so aristocratic politics is an ideal state, and democratic politics is nonsense. People don't choose technicians by lot, but choose * * * workers in this way. In fact, the latter is much more harmful than the former. On the surface, this statement seems reasonable. In fact, democracy did not prevent the nobility from taking power. It is democracy that urges aristocrats and ensures that real aristocrats are in power. On the premise of equality between the right to vote and the right to be elected, there is no obstacle to recall the incompetent elected, which leads to the inevitable elimination of bad money by good money. For example, Perikles was born in a noble family, and he was upright, honest, distinguished right from wrong and good at making speeches. It is said that someone deliberately found fault and insulted him, and followed him to the palace to try to cultivate. Perikles didn't fight back. When the man came home in the dark, he also asked the servant to light lanterns for him. The famous politicians in Athens basically came from noble families and received a good education.
There is no doubt that Athens has not completely avoided judicial corruption, and the Tao pian exile law has also been accused because citizens' emotions determine the fate of exiles. But there seems to be no better system than fairness, democracy, belief and restraint, and people with decision-making power. Moreover, the accusation of the shortcomings of the exile method of pottery tablets is exaggerated. For example, more than 6,000 citizens should vote for exiles, and if the total number of votes does not reach 6,000, the vote will be declared invalid; If it exceeds 6000, the votes will be classified according to the names on the votes, and the person who gets the most votes is the person who was exiled that year. In fact, few people are exiled. In the spring of 4 15 BC, Haibo Bora, a famous civilian leader in Athens, was driven away by party struggle and killed by radicals who supported oligarchy. Only one murder ended the judicial system in Athens. In fact, under the modern judicial system, murder cases are not common. Modern judges are probably not immune to personal emotions when deciding cases.
The Athenians were finally wiped out by power because of their noble political morality and ideal feelings. Only in this way can a word be called the pursuit value of Greece, because it is closest to ideal and perfection.