Xu Zhimo, a native of Shi Xia Town, Haining County, Zhejiang Province, was born in 1897. He lived in a plane accident on 193 1 and died young. Originally named Xu, why was it renamed Xu Zhimo? Because he was very cute when he was a child, with a big head and a "pig tail" in the late Qing Dynasty, his father invited a monk named Wisdom to visit fortune-teller and said that he would succeed in the future. So on 1928, when he went abroad, he changed his name to "Xu Zhimo"-moved the wise monk.
One: the pursuit and disillusionment of rainbow-like dreams
Xu Zhimo's family is rich. His father, Xu Shenru, owns a sauce factory, a money house, a silk factory and a light bulb factory, and has investments in Shanghai and Hangzhou. He is one of the shareholders of Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway and the president of Shi Xia Town Chamber of Commerce, and Xu Zhimo is the only child in his family and is deeply loved by his elders. Family has an influence on him. He is lively and likes to make friends.
Moreover, his marriage also has an influence on him. 19 15 years, when he was studying in Peking University for preparatory courses (three years in preparatory courses and five years in undergraduate courses), he met Zhang Youyi. She is dignified, good at taking care of herself and managing money. Some people compare her to Wang Xifeng in A Dream of Red Mansions. Of course, the quality of Wang Xifeng is not as good as that of Zhang Youyi. Not only that, the Zhang family is relatively rich, so the Xu family is very happy to find this daughter-in-law.
As we all know, marriage before liberation was political and economic. Chui fook is a businessman and naturally likes it. More importantly, Zhang Youyi's eldest brother Zhang Jiaao is the president of China Bank, and Xu Zhimo knows and understands Zhang Jiaao. When I was studying, Zhang Jiaao went to the middle school where Xu Zhimo studied. Knowing that Xu Zhimo was good at Chinese and composition, he agreed to the marriage between Xu Zhimo and Zhang Youyi. Zhang Xueli, the second brother, is a famous philosopher and chairman of the People's Socialist Party in the history of modern philosophy in China.
Zhang Xueli introduced Xu Zhimo to Liang Qichao, who deeply loved Xu Zhimo and suggested that he go abroad for further study. So 19 18 In August, Xu Zhimo went to the United States to study, accompanied by Wang Jingwei. He first went to Clark University to study history and got his bachelor's degree a year later. 1965438+In September 2009, he entered Columbia University to study political economy and obtained a master's degree one year later. 1920 In July, Xu Zhimo didn't want to study, and went to Cambridge University in England to find Russell (a natural philosopher, called "Liang Qichao" by Xu Zhimo in England), but they missed it. Because Russell was "dismissed" for opposing Britain's participation in the First World War and came to China to teach, Xu Zhimo went to Britain to look for him, but failed. Of course, the two later became very good friends, and Xu Zhimo's view of love was also deeply influenced by Russell.
I didn't get into Cambridge, but I got to know Zhang, Zhang (the father of Lin and the head of Beiyang warlord) by studying for a doctorate in political economy at London University. Lin Changmin entered Cambridge University, which was named Cambridge University at that time, through the introduction of Dickinson, a professor at Cambridge University, thus making contact with Cambridge.
I > Set Ambition: A Rainbow Dream. Because Xu Zhimo wants to establish British bourgeois democracy in China. He thinks that Germans are too stupid to be mechanical; The French are too cloudy and have too many officers; Southern Europeans are too chaotic and confused; Americans are shallow and have a short cultural history. So the more respectable one is Britain. He once said, "The British are free, but not mechanical; Conservative, but not stubborn. " Therefore, he believes that the conditions for Britain to implement democratic politics are far above those of shouting Americans. Therefore, in his mind, it is necessary to establish a bourgeois political system like Britain.
Therefore, in one of his essays "The Debate between Smoking and Culture", he said: "My eyes were opened by Cambridge; My self-awareness was given to me by Cambridge; My thirst for knowledge was shaken by Cambridge. " It can be seen that Cambridge has a great influence on him. Objectively speaking, British democracy is free, and he envies it. In charge, he has a pursuit: love, beauty and freedom. At the same time, his close friend Hu Shi also said that "Xu Zhimo pursued love, beauty and freedom all his life", and Britain just met the subjective and objective requirements.
Second, step into the world of poetry. Xu Zhimo was studying abroad to be a politician similar to the US Secretary of State. Later, he abandoned politics and became a writer, and was influenced by English romantic poets in the19th century, including some writers and works at that time. At the same time, Mansfield has the greatest influence on him because he likes to make friends with high-class people.
One night at 1 1, Xu Zhimo went to visit Mansfield. Although it is only 20 minutes, the re-election is very speculative. Mansfield's beauty attracted him deeply, and he listened to her. Xu Zhimo said that "these 20 minutes are immortal 20 minutes", which shows that he was deeply impressed. He once said that her beauty is complete beauty, pure beauty, beauty that can be felt unknowable and beauty that cannot be analyzed, which is a masterpiece of nature. So Mansfield said, "Xu Zhimo, you'd better engage in literature in the future, and you'd better not engage in politics." This touched Xu Zhimo very much, and it was also the reason why Xu Zhimo started his literary creation.
The second reason is the influence of divorce and lovelorn. When he was studying at London University, he met Lin, who was 16 years old. At that time, she was called "the first talented woman in China", so Xu Zhimo went after her, but he was married. Of course, there is resistance when pursuing. Lin said to him, "I am a girl and you are married." You have to get a divorce first. " Xu Zhimo felt hopeful after hearing this, so he took 1922 to Berlin to find Zhang Youyi for a divorce. Because he is romantic, he thinks Lin is the embodiment of love, beauty and freedom. Although Zhang Youyi is excellent, he has no romantic temperament. He said, "I want to be the first divorced man in China". Through many friends doing Zhang Youyi's work, Zhang Youyi finally agreed. After that, the relationship between the two became better and they wrote a letter once a week. He returned to England immediately after the divorce, only to find that Lin had gone to the United States to study architecture. Perhaps Lin's father thinks that Xu Zhimo is not suitable to be a son-in-law. At this moment, the wife left and the lover left. My feet are empty, my heart is sad, and I use poetry to express my feelings. In the spring, I wrote that he saw others fall in love in the grass. He was jealous and felt lonely. So I began to step into the world of poetry.
Third > obsessed with nature. Cambridge University is beautiful, with classical architecture, blue sky and blue sea, birds and flowers, farmhouses dotted in the fields, and a Hekang River running through it. If we analyze Farewell to Cambridge, we should read Cambridge I Know and introduce his daily life-boating and reading leisure books. This is his life of studying abroad, but he has no regrets. He said that he read three books: nature book, life book and social book. Cambridge is also deep in his life. 1922 After returning to China, I wrote my first poem related to Cambridge. Goodbye Cambridge! Cambridge is the source of its life and the hometown of spiritual dependence. Under the influence of natural scenery, he is sublime and detached from the English gentleman.
Xu Zhimo published four poems in his life. His three books before his death can sum up his life. 1925 Poems of Zhimo was written by Xu Zhimo after he returned to China, and his life was difficult. Lin's engagement to Liang Sicheng, the son of teacher Liang Qichao, made him feel bad. I'm not satisfied with my creation either. Xu zhimo is somewhat conceited. The beginning of a lecture is often: "I am an English student, we are English students ..." Because of his arrogance, he offended many people, one of whom was Guo Moruo. Guo Moruo likes a passionate and exaggerated style. He once wrote a poem lamenting his hard life when he was studying at Kyushu Medical University in Japan. One of the lines is "Tears streaming down her face", but Xu Zhimo doesn't know Guo Moruo's style. So he criticized Guo Moruo's poems. He thought, "Only the Yangtze River and the Yellow River will flood. How can tears flood?" Guo Moruo is great, but he is also a mortal, and he is certainly not happy about it. At the same time, Xu Zhimo also offended Lu Xun, because he often published articles everywhere and advocated that "poetry should emphasize musicality". Lu Xun responded to writing an article criticizing Xu Zhimo and said, "You are always chirping and jumping around." . Later, Lu Xun wrote humorously: "I wrote a short article to stimulate Xu Zhimo, and I haven't seen him contribute since." Of course, all I'm talking about is that Xu Zhimo is in trouble in his creation and personal life.
Xu Zhimo published four poems in his life. His three books before his death can sum up his life. 1925 Poems of Zhimo was written by Xu Zhimo after he returned to China, and his life was difficult. Lin's engagement to Liang Sicheng, the son of teacher Liang Qichao, made him feel bad. I'm not satisfied with my creation either. Xu zhimo is somewhat conceited. The beginning of a lecture is often: "I am an English student, we are English students ..." Because of his arrogance, he offended many people, one of whom was Guo Moruo. Guo Moruo likes a passionate and exaggerated style. He once wrote a poem lamenting his hard life when he was studying at Kyushu Medical University in Japan. One of the lines is "Tears streaming down her face", but Xu Zhimo doesn't know Guo Moruo's style. So he criticized Guo Moruo's poems. He thought, "Only the Yangtze River and the Yellow River will flood. How can tears flood?" Guo Moruo is great, but he is also a mortal, and he is certainly not happy about it. At the same time, Xu Zhimo also offended Lu Xun, because he often published articles everywhere and advocated that "poetry should emphasize musicality". Lu Xun responded to writing an article criticizing Xu Zhimo and said, "You are always chirping and jumping around." . Later, Lu Xun wrote humorously: "I wrote a short article to stimulate Xu Zhimo, and I haven't seen him contribute since." Of course, all I'm talking about is that Xu Zhimo is in trouble in his creation and personal life.
By the time Tagore visited China in 1924, his mood began to rise. He translated and wrote his first book of poetry with Lin, which reflected his early persistent pursuit. His masterpiece "I Want to Tree a Star" brought his sympathy to the working people. Of course, this is the condescending sympathy of bourgeois poets, but there is progress.
The second book of poetry, Night of Fei Lengcui (Fei Lengcui is Florence, Italy), entered the second stage of creation. 1924, he met Lu Xiaoman, also known as Lu Mei, who was proficient in English and French and was a famous social butterfly in Beijing. 18 years old was taken away by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. She has her own characteristics. Unlike Lin, she is proficient in literature, can write plays, draw Chinese paintings, is good at Peking Opera and Pingju, and dances well. Her husband Wang Geng graduated from Tsinghua University and is a student of Liang Qichao and an American student. He studied at Princeton first, and then entered the rank of major at West Point Military Academy.
Lu Xiaoman's father saw the future of Wang Geng and married Lu Xiaoman to Wang Geng. Wang Geng is a very talented person. Why talk about him? He is used to the living habits in the United States. He works from Monday to Saturday and only has Sunday off. Xu Zhimo often goes to their home to play: visiting the park, going to the dance floor and going to the theater. Xu Zhimo doesn't talk about the day, but goes to their home whenever he has time. Wang Geng didn't pay attention, so he said, "Xiao Man, Zhimo is here. Go and play with him. " As we all know, if a husband doesn't care enough for his beautiful wife, it is easy for a third party to intervene. Then Xu Zhimo successfully acted as a third party.
Wang Geng is a very careless person. He was transferred to Harbin as the director of the public security department. Afraid of suffering, Lu Xiaoman stayed in Beijing, which provided Xu Zhimo with opportunities: one was a famous flower in the communication field, and the other was a passionate and romantic poet in the poetry field. When they saw each other, the scene was imaginable. So there is a lot of noise in the city. This marriage and this love are opposed by many people, Xu Zhimo's father, Liang Qichao. Xu Zhimo and Zhang Youyi divorced in England, but Liang Qichao objected. At this time, he also criticized the proud disciple and said, "Don't base your happiness on the suffering of others." Warn him, Xu Zhimo just won't listen, he only knows persistent pursuit.
By 1925, there was an uproar in Beijing, and the peach news spread like wildfire. His romantic life experience surpassed and overwhelmed his poetic title, and he had to avoid suspicion and go to Europe. So in 1925, Xu Zhimo returned to his alma mater for the first time. He is a clever man. He's gone. We can't leave Lu Xiaoman in that place. He is not at ease. Before he left, he told Lu Xiaoman, "You write a diary for me every day, just like talking to me. I will write to you every day in Europe. " (Love letter, of course) Encourage her. He not only wrote letters to encourage her, but also wrote poems to encourage her. For example, building bridges. He wants to build a wall of love stronger than justice and encourage Lu Xiaoman to remember that word-the oath before God-the word "love". Encourage her to resist pressure and public opinion with poems and letters. Lu Xiaoman's parents also objected, but Wang Geng was too elegant to pick up a pistol. He just advised Lu Xiaoman, it's no use. In love, nine cows can't be pulled back. In this case, although Lu Xiaoman has a poem and a letter, he finally gave in. She is ill. I sent three telegrams to Europe: "Xu Zhimo, come back quickly. If you don't come back, I can't go on. " Xu Zhimo rushed back to Beijing immediately after receiving the telegram, and Lu Xiaoman was "alive" again.
At this time, we must discuss the marriage, and we can't delay it any longer. But Xu Zhimo's father disagreed with this marriage. Since he wants to get married, he put forward several conditions: first, he wants to come to Zhejiang after marriage. Live in peace. He is dissatisfied with this daughter-in-law. He prefers Zhang Youyi to Lu Xiaoman, saying that Zhang Youyi makes money and Lu Xiaoman spends money. The second condition makes Xu Zhimo and Lu Xiaoman very nervous. Xu Fu said that the witness must be Liang Qichao. But Liang Qichao is against it. How can he be a witness So it was difficult to do work, so Xu Zhimo had to go to his good friend Hu Shi (pioneer of the May 4th Movement, professor Peking University, a student studying in the United States) and ask Hu Shi to do work. Liang Qichao agreed to marry him. . Liang Qichao is a witness and Hu Shi is an introducer. The witness should speak at the wedding, but Xu Zhimo doesn't know what his teacher is going to say. On their wedding day, Liang Qichao came up to speak. Both husband and wife were sweating and their legs were shaking. But what did Liang Qichao say about his disciples and Lu Xiaoman? The toast is as follows (first for Xu Zhimo): Xu Zhimo, you are impetuous, so you have no achievements in your studies; You are a person who is not good at feelings, you will divorce and remarry, and then you will repent and turn over a new leaf. Then he said to the newlyweds: You are all divorced people and always want to get married. You are both unfaithful, so you should repent in the future. I wish you the last time to get married (this is very intimidating, Liang Qichao is too famous, so after Xu Zhimo's death, Lu Xiaoman dare not get married again).
1929, Xu zhimo married Lu Xiaoman and returned to Zhejiang after marriage. Xu's father built a house for them to live in, but because of the Northern Expedition, they all went to Shanghai. After Xu Zhimo returned to China, in 1923, he and Chen and Hu Shi organized the Crescent Society, and the Crescent Poetry School appeared. Later, Wen Yiduo returned from studying in the United States and joined the crescent society. 1926, he founded the supplement of the morning paper-Shi Shuo, which became the main position of the crescent poetry school and published poems and other works. Among them, Wen Yiduo published the article "Metric Poetry", advocating "three beauties". Xu Zhimo agreed, and the two created through their own poems. Practice, practice the "three beauties" theory.
After marriage, the relationship between Xu Zhimo and Lu Xiaoman is not as good as Xu Zhimo imagined. Because Lu Xiaoman was in poor health, he smoked opium to relieve pain and finally became addicted. In addition, she likes to go in and out of dance halls, karaoke bars and theaters, so she spent a lot of money. Xu Zhimo wrote poems, and the payment was not enough. She had to take a part-time course in the university, and was introduced by Hu Shi to teach in Beijing, flying around, according to her own ideals, love and drama. This kind of situation in Shanghai, not only Lu Xiaoman is deeply involved, but if we stay any longer, I'm afraid we will fall down. He advised Lu Xiaoman to go to Beijing many times. He taught at Peking University and Beijing Women's Normal University, and gave all the money he earned to Lu Xiaoman (because she spent too much), but he still couldn't support him. Therefore, Lu Xiaoman always telegraphed to Xu Zhimo: "Come back, the debt is high, come back and pay the bill ..."1931year, Xu Zhimo was teaching in Beijing, and Lu Xiaoman telegraphed that he had no money at home and wanted to go back. In fact, they are all in love. Lu Xiaoman is most opposed to Xu Zhimo flying, but Xu Zhimo likes flying. He thinks flying in the sky hates romance. Lu Xiaoman was worried about his safety, but Xu Zhimo was still disobedient this time. He didn't come back from Beijing by train, but took Zhang Xueliang's special plane from Beijing to Nanjing (Zhang Xueliang was going to Nanjing on business) and then came back by train. When they got home, they quarreled. One said, "Why don't you go to Beijing? It makes me go to two places. The environment in Shanghai is not good." Lu Xiaoman never listens. She thinks Shanghai is the most attractive social butterfly for her, and Shanghai is better than Beijing. She also said: "Xu Zhimo flew again, and you didn't let you sit down, so you just sat back." So Xu Zhimo hated it, visited Yang Xingfo, visited Pearl Buck (written for China people), and wanted to take Zhang Xueliang's plane back to Beijing, but Zhang Xueliang didn't finish it, so he didn't make it. Because of his many friends, he got a monthly ticket for the plane and flew from Shanghai to Xuzhou by postal plane. This is because he has a headache and wants to go back. However, because Lin was going to give a lecture on ancient classical architecture in China at Peking University, he wanted to attend it, so he made an appointment with Liang Sicheng. Lin met him at the airport, so he had to refuel in Xuzhou and insisted on leaving. As a result, I became the main peak in Jinan, and I was confused. The plane crashed into a mountain.
After his death, many famous people went, such as Liang Qichao, Hu Shi, Yu Dafu and Shen Congwen. Not to mention Lin and his wife, several women present here are somewhat disappointed. Zhang Youyi didn't get married after the divorce, waiting for him to change his mind; Lin picked up a piece of debris at the crash site and hung it in her room until 1954 died, indicating that she still loved Xu Zhimo in her heart. The third is Lu Xiaoman. She knew that Xu Zhimo was responsible for his death. Later, she gave up opium and sorted out Xu Zhimo's works and poems. Then Pearl Buck secretly loved Xu Zhimo, but Xu Zhimo was careless and came to an end. This stage is related to the realization of his ideal.
The third collection of poems, Tiger Collection, was published in August of 193 1, and his poems showed that the pursuit of ideals had begun to despair. Why? 1927 The Great Revolution failed, and Xu Zhimo was dissatisfied with many things. Such is the bourgeois ideology. He can't realize his ideal. He wrote a poem, life, expressing despair, and another poem, opposite to the happiness of snowflake, called don't twist me, it hurts! Contradiction once criticized him, thinking that "it should be regarded as a pale yellow poem", and taking nausea as fun shows that he is empty and decadent and is heading for depression. The above is the introduction of ideological creation. Let me talk about how Farewell to Cambridge is lyrical and what feelings it expresses.
Second, soft and distant artistic conception, fresh and elegant style
Farewell to Cambridge is a lyric poem about scenery. What is it about? Summarized in three sentences: it is a feeling of nostalgia, farewell and sentimentality after disillusionment. It means subjective thoughts and feelings; Context is the objective scenery described in poetry. What is artistic conception? It is the perfect combination of subjective thoughts and feelings of characters and objective scenery, forming a unique artistic picture called artistic conception. Of course, we appreciate Xu Zhimo's poem just like other poems, and we need to mobilize our own life and knowledge accumulation, and then we will talk about this poem one after another.
Farewell to Cambridge is a lyric poem about scenery. What is it about? Summarized in three sentences: it is a feeling of nostalgia, farewell and sentimentality after disillusionment. It means subjective thoughts and feelings; Context is the objective scenery described in poetry. What is artistic conception? It is the perfect combination of subjective thoughts and feelings of characters and objective scenery, forming a unique artistic picture called artistic conception. Of course, we appreciate Xu Zhimo's poem just like other poems, and we need to mobilize our own life and knowledge accumulation, and then we will talk about this poem one after another.
If we analyze the poem "I left gently, just as I came gently, I waved goodbye to the clouds in the western sky", we can sum it up in a few words: slow rhythm, light movements, lingering affection, and a touch of sadness. Also, I would like to add that as a farewell to the clouds in the western sky, the rosy clouds in the western sky give us the impression that they have laid a gorgeous color for the later description, and the whole scenery is reflected by the sunset. So use this sentence to sum up and set the tone for this poem.
The golden willow by the river is the bride in the sunset, and the gorgeous shadow in the waves ripples in my heart. This poem really describes the beauty of He Kanghe. At the same time, the willow "Liu"-"Liu" in ancient poetry has the meaning of farewell, which left a deep impression on the poet, and how much care was expressed in the form of "rippling in my heart". Of course, his techniques are comparable (personification and imitation), combined with the third sentence: "The grass on the soft mud is oily and swaying at the bottom of the water; In the soft waves of Cambridge, I would like to be a water plant. " This poem highlights the quiet and free realm of Cambridge, and freedom and beauty are what Xu Zhimo pursues. At the same time, it shows a kind of love, and the water grass seems to welcome the arrival of the poet. Thirdly, I don't think it is completely divorced from the artistic conception of China's poems. And China's ancient poems have something in common, that is, the unity of things and me. The second sentence is to change the customer into the main, and the third sentence is to change the main to the customer, so that the two can be integrated and unforgettable. These two poems just illustrate the close relationship between Xu Zhimo and Cambridge. These are the three aspects we talked about earlier: determining the ideal, stepping into the world of poetry, and expressing our feelings in the wonderful scenery. The three are closely linked and express their feelings through concrete images. And we appreciate poetry from images and gradually accept the poet's mind. The fourth section is a turning point. "That pool under the shade of elm trees is not a clear spring, but a rainbow in the sky, shattered in impetuousness and precipitated a rainbow-like dream." This poem adopts the combination of reality and fiction. "Reality" is the description of scenery, and "emptiness" is the use of symbolic techniques. A pool of water is clear and the glow is reflected. "It's not a clear spring, it's a rainbow in the sky." It's a red light. It's real writing. However, there are many algae floating on the pool water, which block part of the glow and are fragmentary, some red and some green, like soft water, very vivid. This "kneading dough" is well written, and it is also the disillusionment of my dream. So how does this dream make us feel? This reminds me of a poem written by Mr. Wen Yiduo to commemorate the death of his eldest daughter. He used a metaphor "like a summer dream, like a clock in a dream". As we all know, dreams are beautiful, bells are melodious but short-lived, so rainbow-like dreams are beautiful and short-lived. 1927 His dream was shattered, and he was at odds with Lu Xiaoman, so he was depressed.
Section 5: Speaking of dreams, did you come to Cambridge and your alma mater this time to find your dreams? "Dream?" Support a long pole, slowly trace back to the greener grass, load a boat of starlight, and sing in the place where the starlight is gorgeous. "This poem is Xu Zhimo's memory and nostalgia for his past life. He lived in Cambridge at leisure for two years. At that time, he had his own ideals, lived a full life and was full of hope for tomorrow. So he used "a boat full of stars" to describe life at that time, which is symbolic.
The best poem, the third one. The past has become history, and it is still a little sad to return to reality, so "silence is to leave other voices, and summer insects are silent for me." Silence is Cambridge tonight. " This poem is the climax of emotion, which fully shows Xu Zhimo's feelings for Cambridge and focuses on the sadness of parting. This poem needs to be understood in connection with other poems, including ancient poems. "Quiet is to leave other voices" is a metaphor. For example, the description in Su Shi's Poems on Qianchibi is sad and the flute is joyful, so Xiao is used as a metaphor to illustrate the poet's mood. Therefore, the action of "silence" has the feelings of a poet, and then "summer insects are silent for me, and silence is Cambridge tonight." Poetry pays attention to conciseness. Why do you repeat "silence", "quietness" and "gentleness" over and over again? This is not a waste of language, but precisely his point of view.
In fact, "silence" is the deepest feeling of people. For example, Liu Yong's poem Rain Circle says "Holding hands to watch tears, but I am speechless", and Su Shi's poem "Jiangchengzi" says "ten years of life and death are two boundless". He recalled ten years after his wife Wang Fu died, and when they met, they "looked after each other silently, only a thousand tears". "Silence here is better than sound", and Li Bai's "Yellow Crane Tower Farewell to Meng Haoran in Yangzhou": "An old friend said goodbye to the West Yellow Crane Tower, and fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March". By contrast, spring is bright and flowers are in full bloom in March. Unfortunately, my friend wants to leave me. For example, "Where the petals have shed tears, the lonely bird has mourned", and the next two sentences "The lonely sail is far away and the blue sky is exhausted, only the Yangtze River flows in the sky." Meaning between words and images. "Silent, very romantic" is often used to evaluate poetry, which means that poetry does not say sadness, but expresses sadness most appropriately, and shows deep feelings when watching friends leave and standing in isolation for a long time. For example, Wang Wei said that "all scenery words are sentimental words" and "writing scenery is lyrical". Therefore, "only looking at the Yangtze River flowing in the sky" can cause us a lot of reverie, for example, Li Yu's "how much sorrow can there be, just like a river flowing eastward". As long as it reminds us of poetry, it is a good poem, and tells us to mobilize our own knowledge accumulation to appreciate poetry, so that similar poems can be produced in our minds to understand new poems. Writing well is the refinement and sublimation of the poet's life experience. In other words, we can reach the poet's heart through the bridge of life. For example, do students who have just left their parents feel more comfortable reading Farewell to Cambridge? Why do you say "silent feelings are the deepest"? Just like an example in life, the deepest expression is that the plane and the boat are gone, but the farewell person stands still and thoughtfully. Combined with the sentence "Silence is Cambridge tonight", Cambridge is still the same. Why are poets worth it? In fact, it reflects the poet's deep feelings for Cambridge, so "quiet" carries the poet's subjective feelings.
The seventh sentence, "I left quietly, just as I came quietly, waving my sleeves and not taking away a cloud", I think "cloud" is symbolic, representing a rainbow-like dream, reflected in the water, but I can't take it away. Therefore, to bid farewell to Cambridge is not to bid farewell to his alma mater, but to bid farewell to Cambridge culture, which has brought the greatest change to his life. The above is a profound understanding of this poem.
Generally speaking, the poem Biekangqiao fully embodies the "three beauties" of the old and new poetic schools, namely, the beauty of painting, architecture and music. The beauty of music is what Xu Zhimo emphasizes most. The first sentence and the last sentence are repetitive, which strengthens the sense of rhythm, and the words overlap, such as "quiet", "gentle" and "silence". And every poem is rhymed, because the feelings have changed, so it is not a rhyme in the end. Then there is the tone scale, "I left softly", the three-character scale, the one-character scale and the two-character scale, which are in line with Xu Zhimo's lively and active character, and then rhyme. The so-called architectural beauty, one or three rows first, two or four rows second, empty strewn at random, the building has changed; In addition, one or three sentences are short and two or four sentences are long, showing visual beauty. Music is auditory, painting is visual, visual beauty and auditory beauty are integrated, and it will feel good to read. Let's talk about the beauty of painting as the beauty of words. Images such as "Golden Willow", "Soft Wave", "Xinghui", "Soft Mud" and "Qingrou" are rich in color, dynamic and feminine.
Combining the three, Xu Zhimo pursues "seeking change in the whole and seeking difference in the unevenness", showing crescent-like characteristics and personality, so I summarize it as: soft and melancholy artistic conception, fresh and elegant style.
Respondent: Tang Ziwei-ranked 13 3-26 18: 13.
Farewell to Cambridge is a beautiful lyric poem, just like an elegant and beautiful light music. 1In the autumn of 928, the author visited England again, revisiting his old place, which was full of poetry, and turned his life experience into a series of emotions, blending into the beautiful scenery of Cambridge and galloping in the poet's imagination.
The whole poem begins with "tenderness", "walking", "waving" and "parting from the clouds", and then uses the alternating method of reality and reality to describe a series of flowing pictures, which constitutes a wonderful artistic conception and shows in detail the poet's love for Cambridge, longing for his past life and helpless sadness at present.
This poem shows the poet's superb artistic skills. The poet combines specific scenery with imagination to form a vivid artistic image of poetry, and skillfully blends atmosphere, feelings and scenes into the artistic conception to achieve the feelings and scenes in the scene. The structure of the poem is rigorous and neat. The whole poem consists of 7 sections, each with 4 lines, forming two parallel steps; 1 and 3 lines are slightly shorter, and 2 and 4 lines are slightly longer, ranging from 6 to 8 words per line. It seems that the poet intends to combine the forms of metrical poetry and free verse, making it a new form of poetry, full of nationalization and modern architectural beauty. The language of the poem is fresh and beautiful, the rhythm is gentle and euphemistic, harmonious and natural. With the ups and downs of emotions, it is like a melodious board, light and tactfully, touching the readers' heartstrings.
In the 1920s, the poet Wen Yiduo advocated the beauty of music, painting and architecture in modern poetry. Farewell to Cambridge can be said to have three beauties, and it is the swan song in Xu Zhimo's poems.
I left quietly, just as I came gently;
I waved my hand gently and bid farewell to the clouds in the western sky.
The golden willow by the river is the bride in the sunset;
Beautiful shadows in the waves ripple in my heart.
Green grass on the soft mud, oily, swaying at the bottom of the water;
In the gentle waves of He Kanghe, I would like to be an aquatic plant!
The pool under the shade of the elm tree is not a clear spring.
It is the rainbow in the sky that is crushed in the floating seaweed, precipitating a rainbow-like dream.
Looking for dreams? Support a long pole and swim back to a greener place on the grass.
Full of starlight, singing in the splendor of starlight.
But I can't play the piano, just a farewell flute;
Summer insects are also silent for me. Silence is Cambridge tonight.