There were no swimming events in the ancient Olympic Games. Swimming entered the modern Olympic Games on 1896 according to the principle of equal rights in all sports proposed by Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games.
1 There are three swimming events in the modern Olympic Games:100m, 500m and1200m. At that time, 26 athletes from six countries (Denmark, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Sweden and the United States) participated in the competition.
1924 Olympic Games really opened the history of competitive swimming. The competition was held for the first time in the regular swimming pool in Tourelles, Paris.
Diving originated from the development of swimming. In the 5th century, there was a photo of a group of boys pouncing on an ancient Greek pottery bottle head-down. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, it was popular to jump into the water from the shore and mast in ports along Scandinavia, the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. Modern diving began in the 20th century, and Swedish athletes performed diving in the second Olympic Games in 1900. 1904 At the St. Louis Olympic Games, men's diving was officially listed as a competition for the first time. 19 12 At the Stockholm Olympic Games, female divers were allowed to participate for the first time. It was not until 195 1 that diving became an official Olympic event with complete rules. At present, there are 8 gold medals in the Olympic diving competition.
Water polo is one of the earliest team events in Olympic history. Men's water polo was listed as an official event in the 1900 Paris Olympic Games, and women's water polo was listed as an official event in the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. At present, there are two gold medals for men and women in the Olympic water polo competition.
Synchronized swimming is a women's event. Originated from Germany, Britain and other European countries in the 1920s, it was originally an underwater performance during the intermission of swimming competition, which was composed of swimming, skills, dance and music, and was called "underwater ballet". 1920 Catherine Curtis, the founder of synchronized swimming, created and performed somersaults in diving and water gymnastics, which were later introduced to the United States and Canada. 1984, synchronized swimming became an official Olympic event, with two events: single and double. 1996 was changed to team competition, with two events: doubles and teams. Later, it was changed to doubles and teams in 2000.
The venues and facilities of diving events:
competition range
Diving pool covers an area of 25× 25m, with a pool depth of 5.4m ..
diving platform
Platform diving is performed on a hard and inelastic platform 10 meters above the water surface. According to FINA's regulations, the platform of 10 meter should be at least 6 meters long and 3 meters wide, and the surface should be covered with anti-slip materials.
gangplank
Springboard diving is performed on an elastic board 3 meters above the water. 3-meter springboard According to FINA's regulations, the springboard should be at least 4.8 meters long and 0.5 meters wide, and the surface should be covered with non-slip materials.
Key points of diving competition rules:
The diving competition is divided into four events: men's and women's10m platform diving and men's and women's 3m springboard diving. It is also divided into double and single competitions, with a total of 8 gold medals. Whether it is springboard or platform diving, the process of completing the action includes four stages: run-up, take-off, aerial skill and entry into the water. The main rules of diving are:
(1) Men's individual events and men's doubles events are held in 6-action competitions.
(2) Women's individual events and women's doubles events are held in five movements.
(3) The above six or five actions are not allowed to be repeated.
(4) Actions with the same code are regarded as the same action.
(5) Springboard competition
① The women's springboard competition includes five different movements, and there is no limit to the difficulty coefficient.
② Men's springboard competition includes 6 movements without difficulty coefficient, among which 5 movements are from different groups, and the rest 1 movement can be selected from 5 groups.
(6) Platform jumping competition
① The women's platform competition includes movements selected from six different groups, and there is no limit to the difficulty coefficient.
② The men's platform competition includes movements selected from six different groups, and there is no limit to the difficulty coefficient.
③ The platform competition of the Olympic Games, World Swimming Championships, World Cup and other events sponsored by ③FINA (except the youth group competition) must be held on the platform of 10 meter.
(7) synchronized diving competition
Synchronized diving is a competition in which two athletes take off from springboard or platform at the same time. Score according to the synchronization of synchronized diving and the advantages and disadvantages of their respective movements.
The synchronized divers of the Olympic Games, the World Swimming Championships and the World Cup should come from the same association.
③ The women's synchronized diving competition consists of five movements: the average difficulty coefficient of two movements is 2.0, and the other three movements are not limited by the difficulty coefficient.
④ The men's synchronized diving competition consists of six movements: the average difficulty coefficient of two movements is 2.0, and the other four movements are not limited by the difficulty coefficient.
⑤ Five movements in women's doubles should come from at least four different groups, and at least 1 movement should take off forward.
⑥ The six movements in men's doubles competition come from at least four different groups, and at least 1 movement takes off forward. In these six actions, no more than two actions from the same group can be taken.
⑦ The actions of two people in a double competition must be the same (that is, the action code and completion must be synchronized).
Participate in the competition
Athletes under Group B (14 years old) cannot participate in the Olympic diving competition (before the competition year of 65438+February 3 1).
In the doubles competition, each country or association can send at most one pair of players; In a single event, each country or association can send up to two players to participate.
race
FINA Diving Technical Committee stipulates that all diving competitions in the Olympic Games and the World Cup must be held in preliminaries, semi-finals and finals.
The appearance order of the preliminaries will be decided by computer random drawing at the technical meeting. The 18 player with the best results in the preliminary round enters the semi-finals. The best 12 player in the semi-final enters the final. The results of preliminaries, semi-finals and finals do not add up to each other, and the results of each game start from 0. If the elimination system is not adopted in the final, the athletes will compete in the reverse order of the total score; If the elimination system is adopted in the final, athletes should participate in the following competitions in the reverse order of the total results of the preliminary competition. In case of the same score, the competition order of athletes with the same score will be decided by drawing lots.
If there are 18 players tied in the preliminaries or 12 players tied in the semi-finals, the tied players can participate in the next round.
In the Olympic Games, there is no preliminaries in doubles, but the finals are held directly. There are 8 teams in the final (including one from the host country). The order of appearance is randomly determined by the computer.
score
For the Olympic Games, the World Championships and the World Cup, 7 referees should be appointed for individual events and 9 referees should be appointed for biathlon, among which 5 judges the synchronization of the two players and the other 4 judges the technical completion of the players respectively.
In individual events, the athlete with the highest total score is the champion. In the double event, the couple with the highest total score is the champion.
Code name of diving action
The difficulty coefficient of diving is of course set by people, hehe! The difficulty coefficient of an action will not change, unlike gymnastics, which reduces the difficulty coefficient of the original action because it develops in a more difficult direction, but the greater the difficulty of diving, the higher the difficulty coefficient.
Let me explain to you the meaning of the first digital code in diving.
1 Forward 2 Backward 3 Reflexive 4 Inward 5 Torsion 6 Arm Movement (handstand)
B stands for flexion and c stands for tuck.
For example, 107B means bending forward for three and a half times, 107C means rolling forward for three and a half times and tuck your knees (the third digit means the number of somersaults, and 7 means three and a half times).
5253B, that is, the body that turns back two and a half weeks and turns back one and a half weeks (5, turns back five times, three times and a half weeks).
626C, arm back somersault 3 times, tuck (6, arm strength 2, back somersault 6 times, turn over 3 times).
The rest and so on.
If you want to understand all the movements, you must watch more games.
As for the difficulty, generally speaking, it is more difficult to bend the body than to tuck the knee in the same type of movements. For example, 107B is more difficult than 107C because the turning radius of the car body is larger.
The same type of action, the direction determines the difficulty. Generally speaking, reflexivity is the most difficult, followed by backward, inward and forward. For example, 307C is more difficult than 207C and 207B is more difficult than 407B. Of course there are exceptions.
The same action is less difficult to do on the platform than on the springboard. For example, 405B, the difficulty of doing it on the platform is 2.8, and the difficulty of doing it on the springboard becomes 3.0.