Who is the goddess representing fairness, justice and justice?

In ancient Greek mythology, the goddess of justice and order was themis. According to the chronology of the gods, she was the daughter of Uranus (Heaven) and Gaia (Earth), and later became the second wife of Zeus, the god of Olympus. The original meaning of her name is "the earth", but it is escaped as "creation", "stability" and "firmness", so it is related to the law. In early mythology, Simis was the god who explained the prophecy. It is said that she was in charge of the temple of Delphi and explained divination, which was later handed over to Apollo. She is also responsible for maintaining the order of Mount Olympus and supervising the execution of the ceremony. In ancient Greek sculpture, her image is a woman with a serious expression and a balance in her hand. Her daughters with Zeus include Hera (goddess of time sequence), Omiya (goddess of order), Dick (goddess of justice), Eris (goddess of peace) and Mo Yi (goddess of fate). Share the responsibility for her. Among them, dike has the closest relationship with law. It is said that the goddess of justice holds the key to the door of day and night, monitors human life, and upholds justice when the soul circulates. She often chased criminals with swords and assassinated blasphemers. Her figure is usually a formidable woman with a sword or stick. Another goddess of justice often mentioned in ancient Greek mythology is the righteous god star, who presided over justice on the ground and rose to the sky as the main star of Virgo, pure and flawless. Her style is a pure girl, much more tolerant than the above two.

The ancient Romans accepted the ancient Greek gods and mixed them with the Roman gods. During the Roman Empire, some concepts were personified, and many gods were "created", including justice Tia, the goddess of justice, whose modeling mixed the images of Greek goddesses such as themis, Dyke and Yi Shen Xing, usually holding scales and swords, and all the gods closed their eyes or covered their eyes with cloth.

In the Renaissance era at the end of the Middle Ages in Europe, while the art of ancient Greece and Rome was revived, Roman law was also revived, and statues of Justicia, the goddess of justice, began to appear in various city courts. The goddess still follows the shape of ancient Rome, holding a sword in one hand and a balance in the other. The balance means "fairness", the sword means "justice", and closing your eyes means "observing with your heart". The back of the statue is often engraved with the ancient Roman proverb: "In order to achieve justice, even if the sky were to fall (fiat justitia? ruat caelum)

Myths and legends actually reflect the reality of the world. In ancient Greece and Rome, many courts were meetings of the people, or were composed of a group of citizens decided by lot. When the court decides a case, it is a bit like a passerby who was temporarily dragged to trial. It does not actively collect or investigate evidence, but only judges which side is telling the truth according to the evidence submitted by both sides. As members of the judges' meeting, before the trial begins, they often know nothing about the case, rely entirely on the trial process to understand the situation, and even rely on invited jurists to explain the law and understand the applicable law. Therefore, the court pays attention to weighing the evidence of both parties, confirming the facts and realizing fairness and justice. After Rome, the highest magistrate was set up to handle civil litigation. With the help of jurists, he still pays attention to the measurement and identification of the evidence of litigants, and does not intervene in the investigation, which is reflected in the myth that themis holds the balance. In major criminal cases, some people will be appointed to form committees to collect evidence, find criminals and submit suspects to the court for trial and judgment.

The development of Central Europe is similar to that of Britain. In the 12 and 13 centuries, royal prosecutors were established in various kingdoms to investigate and prosecute major crimes. With the strengthening of centralization, the functions and powers of prosecutors have gradually expanded. /kloc-In the 5th century, the "Policeii" law on maintaining social order appeared in Germany. Later, this word was used to refer to the specialized government agencies and their personnel who carried out these laws, thus becoming the source of the word "police" in later Western European languages. After monitoring and discovering the above-mentioned illegal and criminal acts, these government offices can bring a "police case" lawsuit to the court instead of the original "Justiz Sache". The court itself is still not directly involved in investigating the facts of the case, but the judge compares and measures the evidence submitted by the prosecution and the defense.

Because in the long-term historical development of Europe, the court has always been only responsible for judging, so as a symbol of the court, the image of the goddess of justice in ancient Greece and Rome has been preserved for a long time. She is the god of judgment, passive, waiting for him, preemptive. She only uses scales to measure the evidence presented by both parties to the lawsuit, and which party will win the case with sufficient evidence; Either party will lose the case with insufficient evidence, and will be punished with swords and shadows. Her duty is to "judge" rather than discover, so her eyes should be blindfolded, and she will not be subjectively inclined because she sees both parties to the lawsuit, nor will it be difficult to achieve justice because of various interferences. As the legal proverb behind her shows, she should realize justice without fear.