Briefly describe the significance of milgram's psychological experiment.

Milgram is most famous for his experimental research on obedience, and Milgram's obedience experiment is also one of the most influential experiments in the field of social psychology. As a descendant of Jews, milgram felt deeply about the Jews being slaughtered by the Nazi Party. He deeply felt that if he had been born in eastern Europe, he would have died in a concentration camp. He focuses on the study of people's obedience to authority and how to make people give up their personal moral standards and do unexpected things. This is the background of milgram's obedience to experiments. In July, 196 1, milgram recruited 40 volunteers, including teachers, engineers, staff, workers and businessmen, aged between 25 and 50, at a price of $4.50 each. The experiment consists of an instructor (authority), an experimental accomplice who plays the role of a student and a subject who plays the role of a teacher. The instructor first explained that this is a study on learning and memory, with the aim of understanding the influence of corporal punishment on learning. Ask two people to be a group, and draw lots to decide one of them to be a student and the other to be a teacher. The teacher's task is to read the relevant words aloud, and the student's task is to remember them. Then the teacher gives these words and asks the students to choose two correct answers from the four words given. If they choose the wrong word, the teacher will shock the students by pressing the button as punishment. In fact, the instructor has arranged in advance, and the result of each lottery is always the real question of the teacher, while the students are the assistants of the experimenters. During the experiment, the fake subjects as students and the real subjects as teachers were arranged in different rooms. Students are tied with electrodes on their arms and chairs, so that they can be punished by the teacher when they make mistakes in memorizing vocabulary. Teachers and students communicate with each other through sound. Every key on the teacher's console indicates the severity of electric shock, ranging from 15V to 400V, and the warning of "danger and strong electric shock" is posted on the instrument console. These electric shocks are actually fake, but in order to convince teachers of the whole experiment, let them receive an electric shock with an intensity of 45V as an experience. In the experiment, every time a student answers a wrong question, the teacher increases the amount of electric shock. With the increase of electric shock intensity, students gradually changed from moaning, shouting and cursing to begging, begging for mercy, kicking people and finally fainted. If the subjects are hesitant, the instructor severely urges them to continue the experiment and says that all the consequences will be borne by the instructor. Finally, the result of the experiment is surprising. During the whole experiment, only five people refused to boost the voltage when the voltage rose to 300V V, four people refused to obey the command when the voltage rose to 365,438+05 V, and two people refused when the voltage was 330V V. Later, the voltage reached 345V, 360V, 375V, 1 and everyone refused to obey orders. * * * There were 14 people (accounting for 35% of the subjects) who made all kinds of resistance: they refused to carry out the instructor's instructions. The other 26 subjects (65% of the subjects) showed different degrees of tension and anxiety, but they all obeyed the tutor's orders and persisted until the end of the experiment. Later, milgram repeated dozens of experiments in many different groups and different situations, and the results were the same: most people would obey the authority from outside, and when the authority ordered them to do something, even if it would violate their conscience or the obedience was wrong, most people would still obey; Milgram believes that the results of this study explain the brutality of soldiers during World War II. 196110 On October 26th, The New York Times reported on milgram's experiment, but his experiment was not recognized by other (authoritative) scholars, and he was severely criticized from all directions, even losing his chair at Yale University.