England is the birthplace of modern football. According to historical records, football activities similar to today appeared in medieval England. By the beginning of19th century, football was quite popular in Britain. Due to the need to form a unified view on the football match,1October 26th,1863 10, relevant people gathered at Fremason Hotel in queen street, London, to discuss and agree to set up a football association. In addition to announcing the formal establishment of the Football Association, the meeting also formulated and adopted relatively unified football competition rules, which are the embryonic form of modern football competition rules. Its establishment marks the birth of modern football.
With the increasingly consolidated status of the English Football Association, its influence in the whole country is also growing, so the proposal of holding the Challenge Cup appeared on July 20th, 187 1. This proposal was put forward by Charles alcock, Secretary General of the Football Association. He hopes to attract all members of the association to participate in the competition and promote exchanges by holding the Challenge Cup. 187 1 year1October 16, this motion was passed.
What makes the English proud is not only that they founded the first football association, but also that they organized the first international match, which was1the match between England and Scotland on October 30th, 1872, 165438. The establishment of the English Football Association has promoted the vigorous development of football in some countries in Europe and Latin America, and various countries have established football associations one after another, thus promoting the establishment of FIFA and UEFA. It can be seen that England is indisputably called the originator of modern football.
1882 65438+On February 6th, the representatives of the four Commonwealth Football Associations in Manchester adopted the unified rules of football matches. In the following years, the rules were revised many times. 188 1 or so, the tendency of professional football began to appear, and the British Football Association recognized the legal status of professional football on June 20th. 1885. However, on the issue of professionalism, there has been a sharp conflict between the British Football Association and FIFA. The four Commonwealth Football Associations withdrew from FIFA twice from 1920 to 1924, 1928 to 1946 respectively, and did not participate in any activities of FIFA. It was not until 1958 that the two sides reached a consensus. In the same year, the British Professional Football Players Association was established.
1862, Nottinghamshire, the first football club in England, was founded. Since then, various football clubs have been established in England. By 1870, there are 39 football clubs in England, and by 188 1, there are 128 football organizations in England. Today, * * has 160 professional football clubs, 40 of which have a history of more than 100 years.
The Football Association Challenge Cup, founded in 187 1, is the first competition in England. The competition adopts the continuous elimination system, and the two sides of the competition will play a game in the venue decided by lot in advance to decide the outcome. The first Football Association Challenge Cup final in English history was held at 1872. From 1872 to * * 2000, 1 19 sessions were held. Because the FA Cup is not only attended by first-class teams, all teams in England can participate, so it is often cold, and many strong teams are defeated by weak teams, so it is called "a hotbed of sudden coldness". Today, English football is still growing.
In order to expand the influence of football, the English Football Association made a decision on March 22 1888 to establish a national first-class league. There were 12 teams in the first league. In the end, Preston won the first league title and successfully defended it the following year. 1892, the Football Association began to hold the second division; 1920, the third-level league appeared; 1958, adding D League. At this point, the English Football League has begun to take shape, divided into four levels: A, B, C and D, and implemented a relegation system. The English Football League is the earliest national unified league in the world, with the most perfect competition system. Later, countries all over the world widely used this league system for reference. 1992, in order to adapt to the growing football, the English Football Association established the Super League on the basis of the first league, and the original second, third and fourth leagues were upgraded accordingly. The first Premier League title was won by the powerful Manchester United team.
At present, the promotion and demotion system of the league is roughly like this: every year, the last three players in the Super League are reduced to the first class, the first two players in the First Class are directly promoted to the Super League, and the players in the third, fourth, fifth and sixth places will compete and decide two winners. Then, on the other day, we will play in a neutral stadium (usually Wembley Stadium) and decide the third team to advance to the Premier League. From b to a, from a to b, from c to b, from b to c, all are the same as the super promotion and demotion system. But the last four players in the third division were relegated to the fourth division, and the top three players in the fourth division directly advanced to the third division. The fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh runners also held home and away games to decide the two winners. Then, on the other day, there will be a game in a neutral stadium (usually Wembley Stadium) to decide that the fourth team will advance to the third division.
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A brief introduction to the cram school premier league. .
The history of the English Premier League
The Premier League was founded on February 20th, 1992/kloc-0, and became the top football league in England in the season of 1992-93. From 104, the history of English football league divided into four levels officially ended.
In the middle and late 1980s, many events clearly showed that professional football needed a fundamental reform.
56 fans were killed in the fire at Bradford Stadium. Then on May 29th, the last match between Liverpool and Juventus in the Champions League was even more tragic. Violence broke out between supporters of different teams, resulting in the death of 39 fans. For this reason, English clubs were banned from participating in European competitions by UEFA for five years. 1989, another football tragedy happened. In the semi-final of the FA Cup between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest held at Hillsborough Stadium on Wednesday, the stands collapsed due to the crowd, killing 96 fans and injuring 150 people.
English football is obviously in the doldrums. The stadium was crowded, the facilities were dilapidated, and football hooligans were everywhere, and they were driven out of the European stadium. Local clubs are declining, and many top players are lured by the money of continental clubs to transfer.
After the hillsborough incident, Justice Taylor put forward a huge investment plan to make the football field safe and comfortable and eliminate the past congestion. One of the important plans is to ensure that all the stadiums are equipped with seats.
English football has lost its luster and is seriously short of funds. By 1992, in order to improve the stadium facilities, the club is facing huge expenses. Many top clubs feel powerless in the transfer market, and the gap between their strength and European clubs is getting bigger and bigger during the suspension period.
If English football is to be reborn, it needs a thorough reorganization.
Immediately put forward the proposal of establishing a new league, which will bring more profits to football. 1991July 17, seven first-class clubs in England/kloc-0 signed an agreement, which became the basis for the formation of the Premier League.
The newly established top league will be independent of the Football Association and the Football League in operation, and the Premier League will have the right to broadcast and negotiate with sponsors.
1992 all the first-class clubs withdrew from the football league at the same time, and on May 27th, Premier League Limited was established, with its headquarters at Lancaster Gate.
The first thing the Premier League started is to reduce the number of teams from 22 to 20, which reflects the desire of * * * to improve its level. In the 1994-95 season, this change was finally completed.
The first Premier League game is on August 5th, 1992. When Brian Deane scored his first goal, few people could have imagined that the Premier League could develop so fast in a short time. One of the important reasons is the rapid development of the relationship between the Premier League and TV stations.
Television has played an important role in the history of Premier League development. The income from TV broadcasting is very important to the construction of the whole club inside and outside. The initial cooperation with Sky TV was a radical but successful decision. At that time, pay TV was still a new practice in the British market. However, with the marketing strategy of Sky TV, the high-quality matches in the Premier League and the public's love for football, the broadcasting cost of the Premier League is rising day by day, which finally brings huge profits to the club.
The first broadcast agreement of Sky TV is 5 seasons *** 1.9 1 100 million pounds. For the second contract, the negotiation result is that from the season of 1997- 1998, the broadcasting fee for four seasons has risen to 670 million pounds. At present, the contract between the Premier League and Sky is 1 1 100 million pounds, starting from August 5438+0, 2006, for three seasons.
Broadcasting revenue and sponsors' investment make the Premier League the best in the world. 1980, the stadium facilities of the club are no different from 1880. The fans witnessed that their club invested 654.38 billion pounds to rebuild the stadium, making their stadium the pride of Europe.
Attracted by the high-level Premier League, Klinsmann, Zola, Vieri and many other stars have joined the Premier League.
The Premier League continues to attract the best players in the world. There are now 260 foreign players in the Premier League. The best testimony of the quality and level of Premier League matches is that 10 1 played in the Premier League among the stars who participated in the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan.
In addition, the Premier League has attracted many overseas big-name coaches. Famous coaches like Gullit, Wenger and Houllier all brought their rich coaching experience and superb coaching level to the Premier League.
The Premier League has gathered a large number of stars, coupled with wonderful games, and now it is increasingly favored by fans all over the world. Overseas coverage has reached 150 countries and regions, with nearly 450 million fans.
Some top teams in the Premier League can now compete with top teams in Europe. Manchester United 1999 won the Champions League, Arsenal 1994 won the Winners Cup, Chelsea 1998 won the Super Cup and Liverpool won the UEFA Cup 200 1. In the 2002-03 season, eight teams in the Premier League squeezed into European competitions, namely: Arsenal, Manchester United, Newcastle, Liverpool, Chelsea, Leeds United, Blackburn and Fulham.
Liverpool
First of all, living in the shadow of Everton.
1878, Everton Club, Liverpool's sworn enemy, was founded when they were playing at Anfield Stadium. 1892, a quarrel about enterprise management led to internal division. Some people left Anfield and moved to Goodison Park. The name of the club is Everton. Club President John Holding and others stayed at Anfield. Because of the late registration, they can't use the name Everton anymore. Later, Holding decided to name the club after the whole city, so in March 1892, 15, Liverpool Football Club was established, and in June 1894, the club decided on the red uniform.
Liverpool had a hard time at first because of Everton. John mckenna became the first head coach in the history of the club. Before that, many players left Anfield for Everton, and McKenna had to go to Scotland to find players. There, he recruited 12 players in one breath, but because of this, Liverpool's attention is far less than Everton's, because the locals don't want to see a team composed of Scots.
After being refused to join the football league for the first time, Liverpool can only play in Lancashire League. In September 1892, 1, they played their first game at Anfield and beat Rotherham 7- 1. Coincidentally, on the same day, Everton also played the first game after moving to Goodison Park. As a result, only a few hundred fans came to Anfield to watch the game, but more than 10 thousand people went to see Everton's game.
Two days later, Liverpool played the first game of Lancashire League, and Liverpool won again with a disparity score of 8-0. The game was delayed for several hours because the visiting team was late. This time, only a few hundred fans witnessed the team's victory. On the day of the match, Liverpool captain Macvane won by tossing a coin, and he chose to start the first half of the match in the direction of Anfield Road. To this day, many Liverpool captains follow this tradition. The first official game of the club was against Wharton at home 1892 on September 3rd, but this time Liverpool won 8-0.
1 year later, Liverpool was accepted by the Football League, but unfortunately relegated in the first season. However, 12 months later, they came back as champions of the second division. The next year, they ranked fifth in the first division, surpassing their old enemy Everton for the first time. In the following 10 years, although Liverpool suffered several demotions, it also won the league championship twice (190 1, 1906), and finally gained a firm foothold in Liverpool City.
Second, Shankly's innovation
Before the 1950s, Liverpool won the league championship three times (1922, 23, 47), but in the 1950s, the team fell into a trough. 1953-54 season, Liverpool ranked at the bottom of the first division and fell into the second division. In the following years, the Red Army struggled in the quagmire of the Second Division, but was unable to escape.
1959 65438+In February, after former manager Taylor resigned, Liverpool made a decision that went down in history and appointed horsfield manager bill shankly as the new manager. As a result, it took the legend five years to turn a team struggling in the second division into the champion of the first division of England, thus establishing the dominance of Liverpool.
Before Shankly took over, he made a lot of preparations. Prior to this, the transfer rights of players were in the hands of the board of directors. However, after negotiations, Scottish-born Shankly became the first manager who could freely choose players, and he made great efforts to correct everything, from the transfer decision to the restoration of the pitch turf. Roger hunt, a player who played for Liverpool at that time, recalled: "After Shankly took office, he brought a lot of new things to the club. He persuaded the club to invest in players, reformed many training methods, and we got brand-new training equipment. The stadium has also changed from muddy to green, and Shankly is like a fresh air, bringing new life to the team. "
Within 12 months after he joined the team, Shankly made a big change to the team. 1 year, 22 players were sold by him, and the introduction of players was judged according to his team building concept. At that time, Liverpool star Moran recalled: "He brought us a lot of small team exercises. This training method is very good. We have been practicing running before. " At the same time, Shankly is also a master of psychology. According to hickson, a Liverpool player in the 1950s, Shankly always made contemptuous comments on superstars like bobby charlton to boost players' confidence.
1959 12 19, Shankly lost the first official match, and Liverpool lost to Cardiff 0-4. However, under his coaching and influence, the Red Army began an obvious upward trend. In the early 1960s, Liverpool not only rose back to the first division, but also gradually became a strong team. During Shankly's coaching, a large number of talented players came to Liverpool. Kevin kevin keegan, toshack and others built a strong team. 1963-64 season, Shankly led the team to win the league championship for the first time, and the Red Army took the lead. 1965, Liverpool won the FA Cup for the first time and dominated the league the following year. 1973, Shankly won the league championship again and the UEFA Cup in the same year. 1974 FA Cup was the last honor he won for Liverpool.
Shankly unexpectedly announced his resignation as head coach after the end of the 1973-74 season. At the age of 60, he plans to spend more time with his wife, Nice, and his family. This decision once shocked the whole city. In September, Shankly died of a heart attack. His good friend, Sir Busby, a former legendary Manchester United manager, was too sad to speak on the phone for a long time when he heard the news.
Third, shine on you
After Shankly resigned, there was only one suitable successor, bob paisley. Paisley is a Liverpool player. He has helped Shankly for a long time and is familiar with the team. However, at first, Paisley was unwilling to take over. Shankly's achievements are so brilliant that any successor will face great pressure. In the end, the board of directors made great efforts to convince him that Paisley officially took office.
Liverpool should feel lucky. They found an excellent successor to Shankly, and Paisley's achievements even surpassed Shankly's. During his nine years in charge, Paisley brought an amazing 65,438+09 trophies to Liverpool. Including six league champions (1976, 77, 79, 80, 82, 83), three European champions (1977, 78, 8 1) and three league cup champions (198/kloc). Shankly started an era, and Paisley carried it forward. In the hands of this reluctant successor, Liverpool not only established the dominance of England, but also became the best team in Europe at that time.
1976-77 season, Liverpool got their hands on the European Champions Cup for the first time, and the Red Devils played their own brand in the European arena. In the final held in Rome, the opponent was M? nchengladbach, and mcdermott scored the first goal. After the opponent equalized, kevin keegan broke into the penalty area and Neil scored the most crucial goal. "We won honor for our country, and this is my most successful moment," Paisley said after the game. "But I don't want to drink. I want to experience every second clearly. Tonight, the Pope and I will be the two most sober people in Rome. "
1978, Liverpool won the European Champions Cup again, 198 1, Paisley took the Red Army to the highest level. For this magical head coach, Kenny Dalglish has such memories. "He is the greatest of all. His knowledge of football is amazing. Sometimes he will watch a player take two steps and know whether he is injured or where he is injured. There will be no more coaches like Paisley. "
1977 When kevin keegan left, Paisley signed Dalglish as a substitute, who became a legendary star in Liverpool history. Paisley also signed graeme souness and alan hansen, who formed the skeleton of the new Liverpool.
After the 1982-83 season, Paisley resigned as Liverpool manager and Fagan became his successor. 1996, paisley died, and Liverpool built paisley gate at Anfield Stadium to pay tribute to this legend.
Fourth, the tragedy of Heisel.
From 65438 to 0983, Liverpool bid farewell to the Paisley era and moved on. Under the leadership of head coach Fagan, they continued their glory. 1983-84 season, Liverpool won the league and the League Cup, defeated Rome, Italy, and once again dominated the European Champions Cup.
Liverpool at this time scared all the opponents. 10 years, seven Premier League champions and four European Champions, the Red Army created a great dynasty. However, a disaster in May 1985 brought all this to an abrupt end, and a disastrous turning point suddenly came, which was the Haiser Massacre.
1On May 29th, 985, Liverpool and Juventus played the Champions League match at Heather Stadium in Brussels, Belgium. Due to the confusion of ticketing work, the fans of Liverpool and Juventus have been confused at the scene, and even the stands with mixed fans from both sides have appeared. An hour before the start of the game, the conflict broke out, Liverpool fans attacked and Juventus fans fled. When they were pushed into a wall, the disrepair wall suddenly collapsed, killing 39 fans, including 38 Juventus fans.
In the next match, Juventus beat Liverpool with a score of 1-0 and won the Champions League. Reds legendary striker Rush recalled: "After what happened, the final was doomed to have no happy ending. I think when our Ronnie Velander tripped, he definitely deserved a penalty, and their penalty spot was actually outside the penalty area. But compared with the tragedy of that day, none of this matters. We are not in the mood to play. Ask anyone who really plays. Even if you ask Juventus players, they are not in the mood to play football seriously. It's not like the Champions League final, it's just a game. It seems that we all just need to play games and then rush over to see if our family and others are okay. "
After the Haiser tragedy, UEFA imposed heavy penalties. English clubs were banned from participating in European competitions for five years, while Liverpool were banned for seven years. In this way, the glory of the Red Army in Europe was suddenly interrupted. No one can say, if the tragedy hadn't happened, the powerful Liverpool would have won several champions cups. However, since then, the Red Army and English football have been greatly weakened, and a man-made tragedy has become a turning point in history.
Step five, walk down the altar.
Under the leadership of player and coach Dalglish, Liverpool hope to get out of the shadow of Heather's tragedy. 1986, the Red Army won the league and FA Cup. They are proud that Everton won the runner-up in both events, while Liverpool firmly placed their sworn enemies in the same city.
Under Dalglish's leadership, talented players such as Rush, Barnes and beardsley continue the glory of Liverpool. They are the most skilled and fluent team in England. They can pass the ball to each other for a long time so that their opponents can't touch the ball. In the last glory of the Liverpool dynasty, this Red Army won three league titles and three FA Cup titles, which is the last pride of the Liverpool people.
The Hillsborough tragedy dealt Liverpool another heavy blow. On April 5th, 1989, more than 25,000 Liverpool fans went south to Hillsborough Stadium to watch the semi-final of the FA Cup between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest. Among them, 96 people took the road of no return. It was a sunny day, which was supposed to be a festival for clubs and fans, but in the end the most terrible disaster happened in the history of English football. In the Hillsborough tragedy, 96 Liverpool fans were killed in riots and trampling in the stands of Leping Lane.
Barnes recalled the tragedy and said, "The Hillsborough tragedy made me understand the meaning of life. Until then, I always want to make everything full of hope. But the tragedy that happened in the stands of Laiping Lane made me seriously think about my life. Football has lost its meaning. Football is not the whole of life, nor should it be the end of life. A game killed 96 fans, and the child lost his father or the father lost his son. What else can football be? Shankly said,' Football is not only a matter of life and death, but also more important than life and death. Something didn't seem right at that moment Football is just a game, a game, which may be worth pursuing, but can it be compared with life itself? "
1989 Hillsborough tragedy made Liverpool lose strength again. That season, they lost to Arsenal in a good situation, and the team's morale fell into an unprecedented downturn. Although he won the championship again a year later, it was already the afterglow of the sunset. Liverpool, which once frightened England and even Europe, went downhill. In the 1990s, the rise of Manchester United replaced the hegemony of the Red Army, and a dynasty was declared dead.
Sixth, the turning point of the new era.
199 1, Dalglish resigned as Liverpool manager under heavy pressure and was succeeded by Souness, but this was a bad decision of the club. Souness didn't bring achievements, but left many problems when he left. From 65438 to 0995, Roy Evans became Liverpool manager and led the team to win the Carling Cup in the first season. Under his command, Liverpool paid attention to youth and built a passionate team.
At this time, a group of outstanding young people came into people's sight. Robbie fowler, Owen, mcmanaman, Jamie Redknapp) ... ... but under the leadership of Evans, this team didn't win any important trophies. Under the voice of the fans, Frenchman Gerard Houllier joined the coaching staff, coached with Evans, and became the head coach a few months later. Under his leadership, Liverpool achieved new glory at 200 1. They won the FA Cup, the Carling Cup and the UEFA Cup, and then won the European Super Cup, becoming well-deserved cup winners.
However, the poor performance in the league still made Houllier pay the price. In the summer of 2004, Liverpool ushered in a coaching change. Rafael Benitez, a Spaniard, took office, marking the beginning of a new era. In his first two seasons as a coach, he won two important championships. In the 2004-05 season, Liverpool magically reversed AC Milan and reached the top of Europe after falling behind 3-0 in the Champions League final. Benitez also became the second active manager to win the UEFA Cup and the Champions League in two seasons after Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho. In 2006, Liverpool once again staged a magical reversal, beating West Ham to win the FA Cup.
In June 2006, Benitez renewed his contract with Liverpool for four years. He is looking forward to leading Red Army by going up one flight of stairs to the league title after 16. Liverpool also hope to reproduce the glory of Shankly and Paisley under the leadership of this leader.