How does Athenian democracy guarantee citizens' equality before the law from the system?

According to the regulations of Athens city-state, the citizens' assembly is attended by male citizens who have reached the age of 20, and it is held in the squares on both sides of Athens every 9 days. At the meeting, every citizen can get on the platform and make criticisms and suggestions on national policies and all public officials. All major decisions of the state must be discussed and voted by the citizens' assembly before they can take effect. When electing public office, every male citizen who has reached the age of 20 has the right to vote and stand for election.

The standing body of the citizens' assembly is a meeting of 500 people. Members of parliament are composed of 50 members elected by lottery from citizens over 20 years old in 10 constituency for a term of one year. In a year's time, the 50-member parliamentary group in each constituency takes turns to serve as the presidium. Every morning, the presidium also draws lots to elect a member of parliament as the executive chairman. The term of office can only be one day and cannot be re-elected. The activities of the presidium and the citizens' assembly are under the responsibility of the executive chairman who is equivalent to the head of state. Thanks to the lottery system in Athens, every citizen has the opportunity to serve as a member of parliament. In addition, the term of office of members is only one year and cannot be extended. It is conceivable that it is impossible to use power to engage in political privileges.