What is three obedience and four virtues? Three cardinal guides and five permanent members? A physical blow?

"Three Obediences and Four Virtues" is the standard requirement of Confucian ethics on women's life in terms of morality, behavior and self-cultivation in order to adapt to the stability of patriarchal clan system and safeguard the interests of patriarchal clan system-in-law (ethnic group), according to the principles of "different inside and outside" and "men are superior to women". The word "Three Congs" first appeared in the Confucian classic "The Book of Rites-A Biography of Sorrow" in Zhou and Han Dynasties. When discussing the year of mourning for a married woman (three years for her husband and one year for her father), she once said that "a woman has the meaning of' three obedience' and has no way of' special use', so she doesn't marry her father, but marries her husband and dies". As a daughter, wife and mother, a woman should obey a man. However, women have been obedient for a long time, and the word "female" is the image of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty. There are hexagrams in the Book of Changes, which advocate that women obey and be single-minded and always serve their husbands. Later, women were asked to be martyred and chaste, and widows were restricted from remarrying. The word "four virtues" can be found in Zhou Li Tianguan, which is an official position teaching harem women, and is responsible for teaching harem women "Li Yin" and "women's duties" step by step. Among them, the higher-ranking "ninth wife" is in charge of women's studies to teach nine women's words, looks and virtues. It was originally a category of court women's education, and later it was called "three obedience", which became women's morality and morality. It means that girls should listen to their parents' instructions before getting married, and don't contradict the instructions of their elders at will, because their social knowledge is rich and has fundamental guiding significance; After marriage, you should be polite to your husband, keep a house and practice with your husband, respect the old and love the young; If the husband unfortunately dies before himself, he should stick to his duties, find ways to raise the children and respect their philosophy of life. Obedience here is not "following" in the superficial sense, but the essence of "engaging" with the nature of work. The so-called "four virtues" refer to: virtue, tolerance, words and deeds, that is to say, being a woman, the first thing is virtue and being upright; Then there are looks (pointing out that you should be dignified and steady, and you can't be frivolous and casual), words (meaning that you should be free to add meaning when talking to others, understand what others say, and know what you should and shouldn't say) and the way of running a family (the way of running a family includes taking care of your husband, educating children, respecting the old and loving the young, being thrifty and so on). (Book of Rites, Nine Wives of Tiangong)