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The role of crossword puzzles in history is mainly manifested in the following five aspects:
Serve politics, diplomacy and military affairs.
Quote "Filial Piety Helps Deep Travel" in Guweishu
Gu weishu
A prophecy said, "Bowen came out and Liu Ji took it. Jinmao Road, in the north. " The word "wozi" is suitable for the whole world. The golden knife, the so-called "Liu's nest", is called the season. Emperor gaozu liu bang, word season. This prediction is obviously that Liu Bang wants to unify the world and create public opinion for the divine right of monarchy. In diplomatic situations, crossword puzzles are often used as weapons of struggle. The story of the reflection of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Shu Xue Zong: When he went to the State of Wu, he used a crossword puzzle to laugh at the name of Kan Ze, a senior minister, in front of Sun Quan. Kan Ze is not good at this and can't answer. Zhang Feng couldn't help feeling smug when he thought that he had lost the face of the Wu people. At this time, Xue Zong, the minister of Wu, took part in the answer and said, "I have a mystery to ask my husband:' Dogs are Shu without dogs; If you cross the fence, the worm will enter its abdomen. The word "Shu" is everywhere in this mysterious poem Zhang Feng felt that the name of this country was insulted, so he reluctantly replied, "Please compare the kingdom of Wu in your with this method. "Xue Zong replied:" No mouth is heaven, and the mouth of heaven is the country; King's Landing is the capital of all countries. " So all the officials laughed, and the shame Zhang Feng brought to himself made him very embarrassed. In military struggle, crossword puzzles are often used as contact signals for military operations. During the reign of Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty, Xu Jingye assembled Yangzhou troops to prepare for rebellion, and the secretariat ordered Pei Yan to coordinate within the imperial court. The result was not kept secret and leaked. When the imperial court tried Pei Yan's rebellion case, it only found a letter he wrote to Xu Jingye, in which only the word "Green Goose" was written. At last, Wu Zetian saw through it and said, "This is a code word. Young people,1February; Goose, I am self-sufficient and self-sufficient. "It turns out that the word' green' can be divided into three words:' December';" The word "goose" can be divided into three words: "self-nature". Pei Yan agreed to the Xu Jingye1February uprising, and he wanted to start from the inside. From then on, Pei Yan surrendered to the law and the rebellion was defeated.
let off steam
People often use crossword puzzles as a weapon of struggle when they resist feudal rule and vent their dissatisfaction. According to Records of Five Elements in the History of the Later Han Dynasty, at the end of the Han Dynasty, Xian Di and Dong Zhuo were good at power, subverting the Chaogang and killing the people, which caused strong dissatisfaction among the people. Therefore, Beijingers make up nursery rhymes: "A thousand grasses, He Qingqing; Ten days before noon, no birth. In nursery rhymes, the word "Senecio" and the word "Dong" are combined into the word "Zhuo" after ten days of divination. He is green "and" not born "means that Dong Zhuo, despite his great power, can't escape the punishment of the people. This song cleverly curses the overbearing and unscrupulous authority. In ancient times, crossword puzzles were an important part of literary works, including proverbs, poems, novels, plays and various literary works. As early as the beginning of crossword puzzles in Wei, Jin and Northern Dynasties, ancient poems and songs had fully absorbed various forms of crossword puzzles. According to Zhai Hao's "Common Compilation, Knowing Redundancy" in the Qing Dynasty, in the folk songs such as midnight and reading classics in Yuefu in the Six Dynasties, homophony was often used to compare the meaning of poetry. Such as: "Fog dew hibiscus, lotus is not clear. "Take" Hibiscus "as" Hibiscus "; Take "lotus" as "pity" (love). " When you look at the trail of a cow at dusk, you know it's a hoofprint. "Take hoof as crow" "There is sun in the east and rain in the west, and the road is sunny. "Take' sunny' as' sentiment'. Such mysteries are too numerous to mention. At that time, the literati also suppressed a sense of mystery and created many ancient poems with unique feelings. For example, a clutch poem written by Xie Lingyun, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "The ancients complained about the letter, and the ten days were not finished. It hurts to add me to my heart. The play is for tourists, don't forget your virginity. "This poem is five words and six sentences, full of sadness of parting. In every two sentences, the words "mouth", "force" and "knife" are implied by separation respectively, and the word "don't" is formed after synthesis. Like this kind of ancient poem, its poem (mystery) accords with mystery and its writing level is extremely high. The way of obscure meaning in ancient poetry is inherited by later poets, because it can gently pour out the poet's feelings and make poetry more implicit and rich. For example, Tang Mengchi's poem "Boudoir Love" said: "There are mountains on the mountain, and there is no return, and the Xiangjiang River is raining." "There is a mountain on the mountain" not only describes the difficulties and obstacles of the journey, but also hides the word "Chu", which gives full play to the expressive force of Chinese characters, just like making the finishing point and adding luster to the whole poem. Stone "Burning an Open Fire at Night": "Sit and watch eighteen gongs and throw ashes. "Using the word' eighteen males' to hide the word' pine' is a very clever personification technique, and it also benefits from the legal separation of crossword puzzles.
An important part of the story.
Crossword puzzles used in novels and operas often become an important part of the whole story. The legendary novel Xie Xiaoe written by Li Gong of Tang Dynasty tells that Xie Xiaoe's father and fiance were killed by thieves when they went out. Xie Xiaoe saw her father in a dream that night and said, "Whoever killed me is the monkey in the car." I dreamed that her fiance said, "whoever kills me will walk in the grass and be a husband for a day." These two words imply the names of the murderers "Shen Lan" and "Shen Chun". After Xie Xiaoe solved the mystery, she disguised herself as a man and made an unannounced visit, so she avenged her father's death. This story, which takes crossword puzzles as the main clue to catch the murderer and help solve the case, is very unique and has a unique conception, which opens the way for later crossword puzzles to enter the novel story. In China's traditional drama, crossword puzzles are full of fun. In the Romance of the West Chamber written by Dong Jieyuan in Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Sheng and Yingying meet privately, and there is a matchmaker's saying that "the month is on March 35", in which "March 35" means the fifteenth night. At this time, Yingying's conscious anger when answering the book and solving the riddle, the matchmaker's panic when he didn't solve the riddle, and the joy after seeing Zhang Sheng solve the riddle made the whole play reach its climax.
Play elegant music
As elegant music in banquets, entertainment and other gathering occasions. Ji Xu's speed in solving crossword puzzles is a way for the ancients to identify each other's talents. Shi Shuo Xin Yu records that Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, led an army to pass the Cao E Monument. See the inscription on the tablet: "yellow silk young woman, grandson mortar." So he asked Yang Xiu, the Master Book, "Do you understand?" Yang Xiu replied, "Yes." Wei Wudi said: "Let's not talk about it for the time being, let me think about it." After traveling thirty miles, Wei Wudi said, "I found it." They answered each other's questions and knew that "yellow silk" is a kind of colored silk, and the combination of "color" and "color" is "unique"; "Young women" are "young" and "women", which together are "wonderful"; "Sun" is the "son" of "female", and when combined, it is "good"; "Nine" is a spicy thing, and the combination of "longevity" and "Xin" is "longevity". The inscription on the stone tablet contains the word "wonderful and good". As soon as this mystery was revealed, I sighed, "I am not as good as Qing, but I feel three miles."
At banquets and other gathering occasions, people often use crossword puzzles instead of drinking, singing and dancing for entertainment, rewarding those who guess correctly and punishing those who don't. Yang Xuanzhi's "Galand in Luoyang" in the Northern Wei Dynasty records that once Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty gave a banquet to entertain his ministers. When the wine is warm, the toast is puzzling: "Who can tell the difference between three and three horizontal and two and two vertical?" . "Three three horizontal lines, two two vertical lines" is a stroke to disassemble the word "feather", "Admiralty" is a wine glass, which was also called "Dabai" in ancient times. The words "feather" and "white" are combined into the word "Xi". This riddle was guessed by King Cheng Peng, which is a very pleasant thing. Gao Yuan Deji's Chronicle of Pingshan said that Yuan Dalu's flowers were stripped of red and eight thorns, and one day they got together and ordered one casually: "A word has four words and a cross; One word has four crosses, and one word is spoken. " The first two sentences refer to "map" and the last sentence refers to "completion". The puzzle was so difficult that no one here guessed correctly, and everyone was fined a large glass of wine.
Name and year of establishment
The date of construction and reconstruction of ancient monuments and tombs, the name of the owner of the monument, and the age of formation. Whether you know the special expression of crossword puzzles and whether you can accurately decipher ancient crossword puzzles often becomes the key to textual research and identification of ancient books and cultural relics. There was a famous historical book Yue Jue Shu in Guangwu era of Eastern Han Dynasty. This book doesn't have the author's name, but it is replaced by poetry in the preface. The poem says: "Take going as your surname and getting clothes as your success. There is one meter in the name, which continues with Geng. Yu Donglai, buried in his hometown. If you don't blame yourself, class is self-evident. Wen is a word, and he is a sage of the country. Take the mouth as the surname and carry on the family line. Chu Xiang Qu Yuan, with the same name. " The author of this book has never been known because it doesn't say who wrote it. In the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen, a great writer, carefully studied the preface of this book, only to know that this book was written by Yuan Kang and Wu Ping from the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the original poem, "taking going as the surname and getting clothes as success" alludes to the word "yuan"; "The title of the title has rice, which continues with Geng" is a reference to the word "Kang"; "Yu Dong came and died in his hometown" is the author's self-report that he is a Huiji person. "Take the mouth as the surname, inherit the sky", alluding to the word "Wu"; "Chu Xiang Qu Yuan, the same name" is a metaphor for the word "Ping" (Qu Yuan's name is Ping). With the solution of this mystery, Yuejueshu has been paid more and more attention and become an important historical book to study the history of wuyue during the Warring States Period.
When Xu Linyan, the father of Xu Xuan, a philologist in the Southern Tang Dynasty, was a county magistrate in Yixing, Jiangsu Province, he dug up a stone tablet of "Xu Wei Temple, Late Han Dynasty" in the county government. The inscription was written by Xu Shao, a famous scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He commented that Cao Cao was a "minister who could rule the world and a traitor in troubled times". The inscription is gorgeous and full of momentum, but the last eight words, "When you finish the ceremony, count seven in the main field", I don't know what it means. It took Xu a long time to guess that these eight words were a mystery, meaning "Restoration of Xu Bei". It turned out that the inscriptions on Xu Qi's tomb were eroded by wind and rain. By the Tang Dynasty, the inscriptions had all been eroded and blurred. During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, when the Xu descendants were repairing the tomb, they re-engraved the original tablet and added these eight words. "Talking about horses" means "Xu"; "sharpen up.
On Tiewei Mountain
"refers to the word" monument ""main field "means" heavy "; Counting to seven means standing. If you don't know the meaning of "after saying Ma Li, the main field counts seven", then you will mistake the stone tablets re-carved in the Tang Dynasty for those of the Han Dynasty.
Ancient crossword puzzles were also used. For example, testing characters, drawing lots, fortune telling, dream interpretation and divination all use Chinese characters to confuse and deceive people. Song Dynasty's "Cai Tae talks about Tiewei Mountain": When Song Huizong was in China, Xie Shi, a native of Chengdu, made a fortune by writing big characters in Beijing and was famous for his fortune telling. One day, Song Huizong asked the Prince of the East Palace to write a word "Tai" and asked Xie Shi to calculate it. Xie Shi knew about this for a long time. When he saw this word, he pretended to be surprised and said, "This word has the style of a son of heaven! The point below the word' too' is written longer, just like a horizontal line. " If you move this over the word "big", isn't that the word "heaven" of the son of heaven? "This method of changing characters by moving strokes is widely used in life signs.
The earliest crossword puzzles originated in the Han and Wei Dynasties. Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long Hidden Chapter" said: "Since the Wei Dynasty, it has not been condescending, but the gentleman laughed and turned into a riddle." Liu Xie said that riddles came into being in Wei and Jin Dynasties because the literati at that time created many independent and complete crossword puzzles. For example, a poem named "Li Hezuo County" written by Kong Rong, a great writer at that time, has four words in each sentence, and every four or two sentences refer to one word. The whole poem is twenty-two sentences long, * * * eighty-eight. The full text is as follows:
Fishermen bend over and water hides; Keep pace with the times and leave the temple. Lv Gong Loki hook, lower mouth; The nine realms are sacred, and no soil is king. Goodness is integrity, and women belong to Kuang; There are herrings overseas, and falcons fly. Six purlins will be excited, but the feather instrument is not obvious; The sting of the dragon and snake makes it forget "(Kong Rong's Ci). Kong Rong's "Parting Poems" is recognized as the first complete and mature crossword puzzle made in China. In this period, in addition to the form of poetry, people often use objects other than language to express the mystery of words. "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Wu Jie" records that when Yang Xiu was the editor-in-chief, he had built a state house for Cao Cao. When the roof truss was first built, Cao Cao came out to inspect it, which was quite unpleasant. So he wrote a word "live" on the door of Guo Xiang Mansion and left without saying a word. At the sight of this word, Yang Xiu immediately had the gate of Guo Xiang House torn down and rebuilt. He said: "The word' wide' is added to the' door'. Wang Wei is too big. "After the story spread, Cao Cao's clever riddles and Yang Xiu's victory in riddles were all described as beautiful stories by people at that time. In the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, crossword puzzles became popular. Many scholars and celebrities like crossword puzzles and think it is elegant music. Pan Yue in Jin Dynasty, Xie Lingyun, Xie Huilian and Bao Zhao in Song Dynasty, Wang Rong in Qi State, Xiao Xunzhi and Chen Shenjiong in Liang State, etc. , have made a lot of similar to Kong Rong's clutch crossword puzzle. Of course, from the perspective of the jigsaw puzzle making skills in this period, there has been great development. On the side of clutch characters, pictographs, metaphors, understanding, name culture and other methods are also mixed, which has a positive impact on later crossword puzzles.
In the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, riddles and riddles were very popular. Crossword puzzles are no longer limited to scribes, but have penetrated into every corner of social life. Various traces left by crossword puzzles can be found in nursery rhymes, Fu Rui's divination, inscriptions, seal script, novel notes, acrobatic skills and wine argot. From emperors and princes to ordinary people, it has become a temporary trend to take mystery as fun, take mystery as a play and compete for riddles. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, crossword puzzles and crossword puzzles were also regarded as a skill, and some people could make a living by doing it. The best of them will be famous all over the world and will remain immortal. Song and Wu's "Dream Novel Telling History" notes: "Businessmen should congratulate them with drums first. Then gather people to guess poetry riddles, word riddles, crime riddles and social riddles, all of which are code words. " ..... Hang Zhi's riddle, say a word or two. If anyone goes back to the monk and Ma Dingzhai, remember to ask Bo Qia, who has long been famous. "This just shows the popularity of crossword puzzles at that time and people's respect for people who can do crossword puzzles and crossword puzzles.
Modern crossword puzzles are developed on the basis of ancient crossword puzzles. After liberation, crossword puzzles, an ancient traditional cultural and recreational activity, gained a new life and showed a scene of vigorous development. This kind of "advanced riddle", which has always been appreciated and tasted by only a few literati, has appeared constantly in various organized collective activities, and has developed to an unprecedented stage in both form and content, playing an increasingly important role in enriching people's cultural life and cultivating people's sentiments.