First, Cheng Yu
This is an indirect coverage figure. In The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Li Chengyu said that "Xu Shu is ten times as good as himself", and then Xu Shu compared himself to fireflies and Zhuge Liang to the bright moon, so Zhuge Liang was really 1000 times and 10000 times as good as Cheng Yu. In fact, this is a common-sense mistake made by Luo Guanzhong: that is, he seems to regard Cheng Yu and Zhuge Liang as peers, which is also shown in later TV dramas, that is, Cheng Yu is too young. In fact, according to official records, Cheng Yu is the oldest counselor in Cao Ying. He is fifteen years older than Cao Cao, which means that Cheng Yu is forty-one years older than Zhu Geliang. It is no exaggeration to say that Cheng Yu is Zhuge Liang's grandfather. And if you really want to compare two people, Cheng Yu's ability to fight is not worse than Zhuge Liang's. During the confrontation with Cao Yuan, Cheng Yu once stationed 700 people in Tancheng. Cao Cao thought that 700 people were too few and wanted to add 2,000 people to Tancheng. Cheng Yu said: "If it is increased to 2,000 people, Yuan Shao will definitely attack when passing by. If you want to hit me, you can't beat him. " But if there are only 700 people, then Yuan Shao will not consider the city when passing by. "As a result, Yuan Shaoling led the troops through Tancheng, but he did not attack Tancheng. Now that I think about it, Cheng Yu is the real "empty city plan". If Zhuge Liang had this kind of "courage to raise and fight", then he might have attacked the meridian valley long ago. Therefore, Cheng Yu was the first person to be covered up before Zhuge Liang appeared.
Second, Liu Bei
This may not have occurred to many people. In fact, Liu Bei in Romance of the Three Kingdoms is far from Liu Bei in history. Just to show his kind image, Luo Guanzhong spared no effort to share many wonderful battle scenes of Liu Bei with Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang. Of these three people, Zhuge Liang got the most. As soon as Zhuge Liang appeared, he took the battle of Bowangpo six years ago from Liu Bei and put it on his head. Such a "strategist started"; Then in the process of pacifying the four counties in Jingnan, the coach changed from Liu Bei to Zhuge Liang; The biggest highlight of Liu Bei's military career, the battle of Hanzhong, was also ruthlessly taken away by Zhuge Liang. In this way, Liu Bei became a man without military skills, and the fact that Zhuge Liang was useless before Liu Bei died was completely covered up. I wonder if Liu Bei, who once flogged Du You, knows all this, will tie Luo Guanzhong up and make a phone call again?
Third, Soochow counsellor
Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes many scenes of war of words, some of which are true and some are not described. But it is a great pity that Zhuge Liang's Anti-Confucianism was originally false, but it was said to be the key point; However, the recorded "one-knife talk" between Yu Xun and Lu Su was ruthlessly deleted. In that passage in The Scholars, Gu Yong, the two prime ministers of Dongwu, and Oracle bones were scolded by Zhuge Liang. Zhang Zhao, the first counselor in Jiangdong, also known as "Guan Zhong", was also the first unlucky person. This gives people a very common impression: that is, Soochow's counselors are much worse than Zhuge Liang. In fact, the internal affairs of Zhang Zhao, Gu Yong, Bu Zhi and others are at least the same as Zhuge Liang's; The eternal minister Zhang Zhao and teetotaler Gu Yong are not comparable to Zhuge Liang.
It should also be noted that anyone who has read the Romance of the Three Kingdoms will have this understanding: the generals of Shu and Han are often the strongest, while Wei and Wu are much worse. In fact, the real situation is not like this at all, but one thing is true, that is, our generals often do more than the generals of Wei and Wu. This is not surprising, because Wei Wu has far more civilian military commanders than Shu Han. There are more people, and there are fewer things for everyone to do. In addition, after Liu Bei's death, Shu Han was often Zhuge Liang's "centralized statement", so Zhuge Liang's image was naturally much higher.
Fourth, Zhou Yu
It should be said that before Zhuge Liang appeared, the description of Zhou Yu in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms was basically in line with historical facts (in fact, there were not many such descriptions); But after Zhuge Liang appeared, Zhou Yu's image immediately took a big turn. There are many articles about the comparison between Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang. Bottom line: Zhou Yu belongs to the first three countries and Zhuge Liang belongs to the middle three countries. They are not in the same period and cannot be compared. However, due to the great influence of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is difficult to find an open-minded image of Zhou Gongjin.
What needs to be rehabilitated for Zhou Yu here is that Battle of Red Cliffs is a war in which Zhou Yu is the main commander, Liu Bei is the commander in chief, and Zhuge Liang's role in Battle of Red Cliffs is only a lobbyist; After Zhou Yu took Nanjun, Liu Bei came to see Zhou Yu and said that he wanted some territory, so Zhou Yu gave Liu Bei Jiangnan. As for the "San Yu" in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is even more fabricated.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Lu Su
Lu Su's Romance of the Three Kingdoms is just a plaything played by Zhuge Liang. Not many people know Lu Su's true colors now. Under the cover of Zhuge Liang's aura (and of course Guan Yu, who ascended the altar), Lu Su completely changed his image and became a loyal and honest person. In fact, when Zhou Yu was around, Lu Su was sometimes even more radical than Zhou Yu. After Zhou Yu's death, Lu Su became the commander-in-chief of the three armed forces, which led to a little convergence. Lu Su is also a Confucian general who can write and fight, and can't let go during the war. Moreover, when Lu Su confronted Guan Yu, Lu Su's ability to run the army was strongly reflected.
Lu Su's lending Jingzhou to Liu Bei became Zhuge Liang's joke in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. In fact, Zhuge Liang may not come forward in this matter. Is it right or wrong for Lu Su to borrow Jingzhou? Personally, this move should be correct. Because although Wu Dong just defeated Battle of Red Cliffs, the following year, Sun Quan was defeated by Zhang Liao in Hefei, and Zhou Yu was poisoned in the battle of Nanjun. Compared with the whole Jingzhou, Wu Dong just laid the south Jingzhou, and Xiangyang, the important town of Jingzhou, is still in the hands of Lejin. So in this case, it is very difficult for Soochow to defend South Jingzhou alone. When Lu Su asked Liu Bei to guard South Jingzhou, Cao Cao was scared to lie on the ground with a pen. Liu Bei was grateful to Wu Dong for his kindness, killing two birds with one stone. Of course, Liu Bei's promise really surprised Lu Su. But Lu Su's foresight should be far above Zhuge Liang.
Zhuge Liang was the world's number one culprit in splitting the country during the Three Kingdoms period.
People used to call Zhuge Liang, who assisted Liu Bei in the establishment of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period, "the best talent in the world". When Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage, Zhuge Liang's strategy of "dividing the world into three parts" was realized in several years' battles in Liu Zhu. In his later years, Zhuge Liang shouldered the heavy responsibility of assisting the young master A Dou, and made many northern expeditions to consolidate the weak Shuhan regime, and finally ended his life with the failure of the war and his own death. Today, we must re-evaluate the historical position of this "the best talent in the world" shrouded in the mystery of "sage".
"Three points in the world" is an obvious crime of splitting the country put forward and finally realized by Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang became the prime minister of splitting the country after the founding of Shu, and after Liu Bei's death, he became the "father-in-law" openly, ranking higher than the prime minister, and was actually the chief culprit of splitting the country with the same guilt as Liu Bei. Zhuge Liang's life in politics can be roughly divided into two stages. The first stage was to help Liu Bei establish the Shu regime. In 207 AD, after Cao Cao's victory in Wuhuan, the country was faced with a great situation of being reunified by the North. Liu Bei was desperate, so he invited Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain. Together, the two men, Qi Xin, achieved the goal of dividing the world into three parts, which led to a sharp decline in the excellent situation of the country's imminent reunification. Zhuge Liang's destructive effect on national unity, productivity development and all-round social progress is a crime of the present and a harm in the future. In the second stage of Zhuge Liang's political career, his decision-making mistakes were serious. He made six northern expeditions to Cao Wei, and suffered repeated defeats, which caused great losses to people's lives and property. The serious mistakes in splitting the country and making war decisions constitute Zhuge Liang's sinful life. But why is this "the first culprit in the world" who violates the objective law of social and historical development and moves against the historical trend said to be "the first genius in the world" in history, while the national separatists have become the perfect image of "self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world"? The origin lies in the sacredness of imperial power and autocracy under the rule of feudalists. For the permanent rule of the family and the world, splitting the country has become a natural emergency. The mediocre monarch has no talent for governing the country and keeping the country safe, but he is Liu's blood, so it is natural that he should rule the world. Zhuge Liang, an unusual hypocrite and hypocrite loyal to the feudal imperial power system, is a "watchdog" whose soul coincides with the soul of feudal autocratic imperial power. Therefore, the feudal rulers of past dynasties admired him and made great efforts to erect a monument for him. Now, when the fog of history clears, we can see a real Zhuge Liang in history: in order to be loyal to the "orthodox" rule of feudal autocratic imperial power, we will not hesitate to split the country and do our best to die. The Three Kingdoms period, which should not have happened in history, was full of wars, endless sufferings and poor people. China's history began to suffer more disasters in the early feudal dynasty, and the imperial power system was further bound by it, so the history of imperial power was postponed to 19 165438.
Genius is not necessarily a genius, and the title of genius is never used on a bad genius. Zhuge Liang is not a genius, but a national separatist who is the most poisonous, influential and harmful in China feudal society and should be criticized by us!
October 12, 2005
About the author: Liao Lunyan, pen name Long Kang,/kloc-0 was born in Yanting County, Sichuan Province in April, 1963. He is a writer, a poet and has no party affiliation. Graduated from Southwest University of Political Science and Law, and studied in China University of Political Science and Law and Shenzhen University for a short time. He used to be a director of Discovery magazine in Beijing, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Management Sciences, and wrote novels Pole, Sexual Crime and Mu Zi.
1。 Chronology of the Three Kingdoms War after Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain.
Longkang
Three points of the world, the world more decades of war!
In 2007, Sun Quan attacked Jiangxia in Huang Zu.
The Battle of Cao Cao Attacking White Wolf Mountain in Wuhuan
In 2008, Sun Quan destroyed the battle of Huangzu Xiakou.
Cao Cao destroyed Liu Biao's battle in Xiangyang
Cao Cao broke the battle between Liu Bei and Yang.
Battle of red cliff
The Battle of Zhou Yu Attacking Cao Ren Jiangling in 2009
Sun Quan's Battle of Hefei
Battle of Zhang Dangtu
He Qi's battle against Chen.
Battle between Zhang and Mei 'an
2 10 bu zhi destroyed the war of Wu jujiao.
2 1 1 year, Cao Cao defeated Ma Chao in Weinan.
The Battle of Liu Bei Destroying Liu Zhang and Taking Yizhou
2 12 Cao Pi's Battle of Subo, Yin Tian
2 13 Cao Cao's attack on Sun Quan's battle of ruxu's mouth.
Ma Chao's Battle of Weikang and Hebei City
2 14 Battle of Summer Horse
Zhuge Liang's Battle of Entering Sichuan
The Battle of Xiahou Yuan Destroying Song Jian Longyou
The Battle of Sun Quan's Capturing Anhui City
Xiahou Yuan fought to attack Han Sui and retreated.
Huo Jun defended the Battle of Mengcheng.
2 15 Cao Cao defeated Dou Mao and destroyed the battle of Hechi in Han and Sui Dynasties.
Zhang Fei attacked the battle between Zhang He and Brazil.
Battle of Zhao Yanping, Lu Ping and Chen Cang
Cao Cao attacked Zhang Lu Yangping.
Sun Quanwei's Battle of Hefei
265438+2007 Lu Xun's Battle of Danyang.
Sun Quan and Cao Cao's Second Battle of ruxu Mouth
2 18 Battle of Wang Biping, Ji Geng and Xuchang
The battle between Cao Hong and Ulan.
The Battle between Cao Zhang and Wu Huan and Dai Jun
Coss broke the battle between Hou Yin and Wancheng.
Li Yan quelled the war between Ma Su and Gao Ding.
Liu Bei's Battle of Capturing Hanzhong
2 19 Liu feng and Meng da attacked Shen Dan and Shang Yong.
Battle of Fancheng
Battle of tackling key problems
In 220, Meng Da attacked Liu Feng and Shang Yong.
Su Zeping put down the Hexi rebellion.
22 1 year, Zhang pingding the battle of Hexi (this year, Shu was established and Zhuge Liang served as prime minister. )
The Battle of Yiling in 222
, Huang Yuan against Shu
Xelloss first launched the battle of Wu Dong.
Cao Xiu and the Battle of Lv Fan Dongkou
The Battle between Coss and Zhu Heng in 223.
Zhang He captured the battle of Jiangling Zhongzhou.
The Battle between Cao Zhen and Jiangling, Zhu Ran.
He Qi took the battle of Qichun.
In 224, Tian Yu attacked Xianbei Bikeneng.
Cao Pi's Battle of Guangling
In 225, Ren Fuping took part in the battle between Cai Fang and Tang Zi.
Zhuge Liang Pingnan-China War
The Battle of Zhou Fu Attacking Peng and Poyang
226 tears and rice cross toes.
Sun Quan's Battle of Wei
The Battle of Zhu Gejin Attacking Xiangyang
The Battle of Zhang Benping and Zhang Mu in 227.
In 228, Cao Zhen broke the battle of Zhao Yun.
Mengda anti-Wei war
Zhuge Liang's Battle of Wei Jieting
In 229, Ge Liang attacked Wei Chencang.
Zhuge Liang attacked Wei Wudu and the battle of level tone.
Battle between Wei and Wu
The Battle of Cao Zhen Attacking Shu Han in 230.
The Battle between Pan Jun and Lv Dai Pingwu Mausoleum
Man Chong defends the battle of Hefei.
23 1 Battle of Fuling, the Tomb of the King
Zhuge Liang attacked Wei and Shangguan.
The Battle between Wei and Wuchengshan in 232
The battle between Wei and Wu Lujiang
The Battle of Wei Attacking Liaodong in GongSunYuan
Ma Zhong Pingnan Yi Battle in 233.
The battle between Wei and Xianbei Loufan
The Battle of Wu Attacking Wei Hefei New Town
In 234, Zhuge Liang attacked the battle of Wei Wuzhangyuan (Zhuge Liang died this year and was responsible for cutting Cao Wei for six years). )
Yang Yi's Battle of Killing Wei Yan
Hirayama, Zhuge Ke
The Battle of Dai Ping, Li Huan and Luling
237 Lu Xun Ping's Battle of Poyang, Peng Dan
Wu attacked Liaodong and Gongsun Yuan.
The battle between Lu Xun and Lu Ling
Sima Yiping's Battle of Liaodong in Gongsun Yuan in 238.
The Battle of Sheep Attacking Liaodong in 239
The Battle of Jiaozhou in Lude Liao Style
Zhang Benping's Vietnam War in 240
24 1 year, Wu attacked Wei Shaobei and Fancheng.
The Battle of Wu Attacking Lu 'an in 243
The Battle of Cao Shuang Attacking Shu Han in 244.
In 246, Wu attacked.
The Battle of Qiu Jian Attacking * * * *
Jiang Weiping's Battle of Wenshan Yi in 246
In 247, Jiang Wei attacked Wei Taoxi.
The Battle of Deng Zhi Attacking Fuling Yi in 248
Hand-to-hand combat between Lu and Yi, the battle of nine truths and Yi.
Jiang Wei's Battle of Qucheng in 249
Battle of Jiang Wei Xiping
The 250-year War between Wei and Wu Jiangling
Wu defeated the battle of Wen Qin.
25 1 year, and attacked Wu.
The Battle between Wei and Wu Dongxing in 252
In 253, Wu and Shu attacked Wei Nan 'an and Hefei.
In 254, Jiang Wei attacked Lintao and Longxi.
In 255, Sima Shiping fought with Qiu Jian and Wen Qin.
Battle of Shouchun in Sun Jun
The Battle of Jiang Wei's Attack on Didao
In 256, Wen Qin and Lv Zhi attacked Wei.
Jiang Wei attacked Duan Gu's battle.
In 257, Jiang Wei attacked the battle of Mangshui.
Si Mazhao broke the battle of Shouchun in Zhuge Dan.
Wei xian county People's War
The Uprising Battle of Wuping Three Counties
In the Battle of 260, Wei and Cao Taizu were killed.
The Battle of Jiang Wei Attacking Deng Ai Taoyang in 262
The Battle of Cao Wei Destroying Shu in 263
The intersection of Wu zhi's war and prosperity
Li Zhong and Mu Ping's Battle of Wuling
In 264, Luo Xian fought with Wu Yongan.
Wang Zhi's Battle of Wu
Zhong Hui, Jiang Wei and the Battle between Wei and Chengdu
In 266, Tang Shi fought against the insurgents.
The Battle of Wu Attacking Jiangxia in 268
The Battle of Yankee broke the diplomatic relations between Liu Jun and China.
The battle between Jin and Wu Hefei
In 270, Jin attacked the battle of Xianbei Wandudui.
The Battle of Wokou in the Wu and Jin Dynasties
Battle of Castle Peak 27 1
The battle between Wu, Jin, Jiaozhi and other counties
Xiongnu Liu stormed Bingzhou.
In 272, the Huns were attacked in the Battle of Liu Meng.
Battle of Lu Kangping Xiling
Wang Rui quelled the battle of Zhang Hong.
Yang Xin's Debate on Song Quality
Battle of Levin in Wujin in 273
In 274, Zhen Wu suppressed the rebellion in the West.
Jin counterattacked Liangzhou War
Battle of the Golden Attack
Wu attacked Jinjiang in summer.
275 Golden Attack on Xianbei
In 276, Hu Fen attacked Bing's Zhou Hu War.
The battle of attacking Xianbei with gold
The Battle of Xianbei Attacking Shanxi Border
Yang Xin asks for the battle of Linghu Hong.
The Battle of Wen Yang Breaking Xianbei in 277
Jinjiang Summer Battle, Wu
278 annuity and the battle of Xianbei Wuwei
The battle of Jin, Wu and Wan Wan City.
The Battle of Xiling in Jin and Wu Dynasties
In 279, Wu attacked.
Malone's battle to recover Liangzhou
The Battle of Jin and Wu in 280
2。 Long Kang: At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the national population was 56 million. At the end of the Three Kingdoms in 263 AD, the total population of China was 7.67 million. At the lowest time, the population of the three countries was lower than this figure, with more than 56 million less than 10%. Although there are reasons such as plague and famine, the root cause is war!
3。 See Zhuge Liang through the following set of data: (Long Kang)
Thirty-six years after the capture of Chengdu, Liu Bei "gave Zhuge Liang, Fei, 500 Jin each, 1000 Jin of silver, 50 million, and thousands of horses, and the rest were rewarded differently."
More than 40 years later, when Shu surrendered in 263, the total amount of gold and silver in Shu's national treasury was only 1 1,000 Jin.
It can be seen that after the capture of Chengdu, Liu Bei Group plundered and divided the working people, and the working people will always be the opposite of the feudal ruling group. With this "civilized" robbery, Zhuge Liang is not far from the title of the first culprit in the world.
4。 Longzhong is no stranger to "dialogue" (Long Kang)
Because many people don't understand Zhuge Liang's family background as a relative of the country, Zhuge Liang's dialogue in Longzhong has been regarded as a village man for thousands of years, which makes Longzhong's dialogue become God's instruction to mortals. People worship Zhuge Liang, first of all, from the worship of Longzhong. When we understand Zhuge Liang's status as a relative of the royal family, we know that Zhuge Liang has been keeping close contact with the royal family, and we have the conditions to know the world trend and ruling groups like the back of our hand.
In order to unify China, Cao Cao took a fancy to Jingzhou and Yizhou, two delicious pieces of fat, and Zhou Yu and Lu Su laid the wishful thinking of Jing and Yizhou in order to carve up the world. Zhuge Liang divided the world into three parts for the sake of royalty, because of different political and class positions. There is nothing magical about Superman.
After knowing a lot of inside information about the world and the ruling group, people with slightly higher IQ can make judgments. Zhuge Liang just had more hands to "control information" than some of his contemporaries. There is no such thing as a "village man" who was born to know that he can control the world three times before leaving in the middle of the year-if there is, it must be the ghost of idealism!
5。 Zhuge Liang was originally a royal relative (Long Kang).
Huang is Zhuge Liang's father-in-law, and Liu Biao is in-laws. Their wives are Cai Mao's sister, Cai Mao is Zhuge Liang's uncle, Liu Biao is Zhuge Liang's uncle, Liu Biao is a Han clan, and Zhuge Liang is an authentic royal relative! Has anyone ever thought about the motivation of such a person to help Liu Bei?
(Introduction: Liu Biao, the leader of Jingzhou League, includes present Hunan and Hubei provinces and parts of Henan.
Cai Mao, as we all know, is brilliant! )
-Don't forget that Kong Ming and Liu Bei are also related. They know each other. Then, Liu is the descendant of Kongming, and Kongming should call him cousin! These royal people are United, and the motive of the war is very worthy of attention!
6。 Long Kang: In Lu Xun's A Brief History of Chinese Novels, it is said that in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Zhuge Zhi's wisdom and appearance are close to demons". Why don't you say "Zhuge wise man looks close to God"?
7。 Long Kang: Historically, Liu He never became sworn brothers. Borrowing the east wind, borrowing the arrow of the grass boat, three things, empty city plan, knowing Huarong Road, knowing Wei Yan's treachery, outwitting Chengdu, cleverly arranging eight arrays, scheming to kill Wei Yan and cursing Wang Lang, are all fabricated. It is impossible to retreat with a puppet when you are dead!
The seven captures of Meng Huo are just a legend.
Think about it, why are you trying to beautify him!
8。 Long Kang: Zhuge Liang's words (Zhuge Liang's words in Han, Jin, Spring and Autumn Period, later called him a model): "If you don't cut off the thief, Wang Ye will die. But sitting still, which one is it? . . . . Gu can't be partial to the capital of Shu, so he is desperate to meet the legacy of the first emperor. " That is to say, the Northern Expedition is for the survival of a divided country and the durability of national life! The Northern Expedition is the continuation of splitting the country! Its root lies in the anti-historical trend that started in three minutes!