2. The basic form of differential statement is "A and B are significantly different (or not significant) in the variable y".
3. The crime rate of floating population is higher than that of non-floating population, which is a "hierarchy fallacy".
4. The so-called operation is to select or formulate "survey indicators" through the definition of abstract concepts.
5. When measuring a complex concept with multiple indicators, it is necessary to establish a "comprehensive indicator".
6. "Investigation index" is an indicator of a certain aspect of the concept connotation and represents the phenomenon of experience level.
Einstein once said that asking questions is often more important than solving a problem, which means "choosing a research topic".
8. Studying the characteristics of hypothetical phenomena and their relationships should be explained by the language of "variables".
9. All swans are white, which is a "proposition".
10, the relationship between parents' educational level, occupation and other variables affecting their children's willingness to go to school is "causal relationship".
1 1, conditional statements often explain the "causal relationship" between two variables.
12. The type of investigation and research that must have clear research assumptions is "explanatory and theoretical investigation and research".
13, the basic unit of theory is "concept", which reflects the essential attributes of objective things.
14, fixed proportion is more conducive to reflecting the proportional relationship between variables, which can generally be expressed as "percentage".
15, the most commonly used scale method is "sum scale method".
16. Using two or more measuring methods to measure the same object for mutual verification is called "triangulation".
17. The measurement process is inevitably affected by some error information, among which the reliability is affected by "random error".
18. Select people who are familiar with the relevant situation to verify the validity of the survey data. This is also called "empirical validity".
19, the qualitative measure of things is generally "classification scale".
In 20, 195 1, Stevens established a widely used classification of measurement levels.
2 1, you can't do mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, you can only do "Yes" or "No". The answer is "classification scale".
22. In people's psychological test or attitude test, the degree of satisfaction with something is the "ranking scale" in measurement.
23. The measure of people's economic status and education level is the "ranking measure". (Also called Rank and Order Scale)
24, can not only distinguish things, but also reflect the size of social phenomena is a kind of "ranking scale".
25. Variables can not only be classified into categories and grades, but also the number and interval of variables can be determined by "fixed distance scale".
26. For example, people's IQ and temperature measurement are both "distance measurements". (Also called equidistant scale and interval scale)
27. It is the "fixed distance scale", which can only be added and subtracted, not multiplied and divided. (because it has no absolute zero)
28. Height, age, birth rate and wage growth rate are all "fixed proportions". (Also known as proportion and equal proportion)
29. American sociologist "Powell" first put forward the concept of social indicators.
30. The former Soviet Union defined social indicators as qualitative and quantitative summaries of social processes. This book is a handbook of sociology.
3 1. China compiled the "1983" social index system on the basis of summarizing domestic statistical practical experience.
In social research, people often include "large sample survey" and non-probability sampling.
In the 20th century, the establishment of "sampling theory" in mathematical statistics solved two key problems of sampling survey.
34. In one sampling, the number of sampling boxes corresponds to the "sampling unit".
35, in various sampling methods, the representative is "random sampling".
36. The advantage of integer sampling is that it can expand the application scope of sampling by "changing the sampling unit".
37. Sampling methods in social sciences have been developed together with the prediction of political elections.
38, 1936, sociologists who successfully conducted a public opinion survey on the US presidential election were "John Glen and Ellen Langley".
The lottery method we often use in our daily life belongs to "simple random sampling".
40. Mechanical sampling refers to "systematic sampling".
4 1, Gallup, the best pollster in America, correctly predicted that the presidential election would use "fixed sampling".
42. earl babbie, an American sociologist, refers to the "questionnaire" as the pillar of social investigation.
Questionnaires are tools used to collect data in social surveys, in the form of "questionnaires".
44. In the cover letter, the "identity of the researcher" should be stated first.
The advantages and disadvantages of closed questions are just the opposite of open questions, and the information obtained is particularly suitable for "qualitative analysis".
46. In a large-scale formal investigation, questionnaires consisting of "closed questions" are mainly used.