(A), the correct learning attitude is the premise.
"The mind is not a container that needs to be filled, but a torch that needs to be lit." In learning, due to the influence of traditional teaching mode, many students rely on their teachers in learning: waiting for the teacher to come before class, waiting for the teacher to speak in class, and waiting for the teacher to assign homework after class, which is an incorrect learning attitude. A remarkable feature of quality education advocated by us is that the educated can actively learn and develop, which fully embodies the dominant position of students and the leading role of teachers. Therefore, as a student, the correct learning attitude should be to actively participate in the process of knowledge acquisition. Psychological research shows that we can master 10% of reading content and 15% of listening content, but we can master 80% of personal experience content. It can be seen from here that in learning, we can never wait. We should experience the learning process by ourselves, use our hands and brains, and put ourselves into learning with a positive attitude.
(2) Accurate understanding and mastery of basic concepts and laws is the foundation.
Learning physics focuses on understanding. In the process of learning, we should pay attention to the observation and analysis of physical phenomena, so that physical concepts and laws have a deep "material" foundation. Attention should be paid to the process of drawing physical concepts and laws, or deducing new physical concepts, theorems and conclusions. Only by knowing the truth and learning to trace back to the source can we truly understand. You can't learn physics well if you don't pay attention to "reason" and recite only a few conclusions. You can't replace the study of basic concepts and basic laws with reading a lot of examples and doing a lot of exercises. Taking doing exercises as the core content of learning physics will enable us to form basic concepts and understand the meaning of basic concepts only within the scope of exercises we have done, so that the physical quantities we have mastered are so one-sided and fragmented that it is difficult to solve physical problems other than the exercises we have done with the knowledge in our minds. On the basis of fully understanding and reviewing the basic phenomena, concepts and laws, it is necessary to do a certain amount of exercises, but not the more the better. Many students think that the reason for their poor ability to deal with problems independently is that they have done too few problems. So I spent a lot of time doing the problem. Solve a problem and remember a solution. Although these students have many ways to solve difficult and complicated problems in their minds, once they encounter unfamiliar "unfamiliar problems", the solutions of various types of questions memorized in their minds can't match the unfamiliar physical scenes, and there is still no way, so they think that they have not done enough. In fact, these students may not have found the crux of their poor ability to deal with problems independently. If after careful analysis, we independently complete some basic problems and some relatively simple exercises, and have a deep understanding of the basis of the problem-solving process, the basic concepts and basic laws involved in each step, then he will have the basis for solving problems independently. After a certain amount of training in solving complex problems, he will generally have a strong ability to deal with problems independently. When he encounters a "problem", he can quickly grasp the starting point of the problem, and the "problem" is gone.
(3) Learning the general ideas and scientific methods to solve physical problems is the key.
The great mathematician Descartes once pointed out: "The most valuable knowledge is the knowledge of methods". Learning physics also focuses on learning ideas and methods. If you learn the ideas and methods of solving problems well, you can draw inferences from others and really improve your problem-solving ability. In this sense, mastering a problem-solving thinking and scientific method is more important than solving several specific physical problems. In physics, each plate has its own general idea of solving problems.
For example, when it comes to applying Newton's laws of motion to solve practical problems, the common analytical thinking is:
With the general idea of solving problems, you will not fall into confusion and helplessness when analyzing problems. Physics problem solving also follows certain scientific methods, such as ideal model method, equivalence method, differential element method, conservation method and so on. For example, when talking about the three relationships between work and energy: ① Kinetic energy theorem: (The work of external force combination is a measure of the change of kinetic energy of an object) ② Gravitational work: (Gravitational work is the mutual transformation between gravitational potential energy and other forms of energy) ③ Work of forces other than gravity: (The transformation between mechanical energy and other forms of energy). Are using conservation methods. It can be seen that if you know how to use these scientific methods, then the thinking process of solving problems will have a certain direction and will be brought into a certain track, so as to find a solution to the problem quickly.
(D) It is very important to develop the following good problem-solving habits.
1. Understanding the complete physical process and establishing a clear physical scene are the "souls" for analyzing problems. Therefore, we must understand the complete physical process before doing the problem. If the physical process is not clear, it is impossible to establish a clear physical scene and find the correct method to solve the problem. If you understand the complete physical process and establish a clear physical scene through inspection, you will find the entrance to the problem. So when you do the problem, you must do it: the process is not clear, don't write. To analyze the physical process, first of all, we can understand the physical process and find the relationship between the details by examining the questions; Secondly, we should grasp the essence and exclude secondary factors; Third, we should pay attention to capturing key sentences and mining implied conditions. We can mark key sentences and indicate implied conditions with a pen.
2. It is essential to analyze problems and draw pictures, and drawing is a "skillful hand" in analyzing problems. The outstanding features of physical images are an indispensable part of physical knowledge. It is a skillful hand to turn abstraction into concreteness. It often happens that some students can basically keep up with the physics ideas when listening to the teacher's lectures, but they often have no way to start when doing their homework independently. After careful analysis and understanding of their learning situation, it is found that they ignore the ideas explained by teachers in class and like to record the steps of solving problems. Do not remember the teacher's analysis process diagram, stress analysis diagram and other physical sketches. So there is no habit of drawing when solving problems. Of course, when these students encounter difficulties in solving problems, as long as the teacher draws a picture of the physical scene for them, their thinking will be suddenly enlightened. In this way, painting can vibrate with knowledge, thus improving the agility and fluency of thinking.
3. stick to the problem and summarize. When we finish a problem, especially with the help of teachers or classmates, we should grasp the "best time to understand the method". Think about it: where is the key to this problem? What are the important difficulties? Where can we do it better? Why didn't I realize this? What knowledge do I need to have to see this? From what angle should we consider it? Are there any learning tips for the next time you encounter similar problems? A good sense of questions is cultivated by summing up. On the contrary, if you are only keen on solving problems, the result of the topic will be wasted and get twice the result with half the effort. In the exam, many questions seem familiar, but in fact there are many puzzles. It can be seen that when solving problems, we should not only pay attention to the number and results of solving problems, but also pay attention to the in-depth thinking after the problems.
(5) It is particularly important to form the habit of asking questions.
As the saying goes, "diligence can make up for it" and "asking" can also make up for it. It will help us understand what is deep in knowledge and make our thinking more open and agile. But most of our classmates, when they encounter problems, may be "afraid" of teachers or "afraid of face", and their unwillingness to suffer may be other problems. These psychological obstacles make some students leave "leftovers" in every class, or most of the questions are in doubt, so that the knowledge before and after can not be interspersed systematically, and they gradually lose interest and finally give up. In addition, I also avoid "behind closed doors" in my study. Sometimes "cars" are not built, but they will go astray. Only by asking questions can the possible problems in learning be exposed to the maximum extent. By asking questions, we can not only solve problems, but also learn some thinking methods and experiences. Therefore, we must insist on asking questions in our study, and at the same time develop the learning style of "putting things off today". Once we learn it, we will enjoy the happiness of success.
In short, we should correct our learning attitude and absorb some good learning methods in our study, so that we can avoid detours, improve our learning efficiency and improve our ability to solve problems. It is also a wise move to reduce the burden of schoolwork and cultivate the ability of sustainable development.