1. 12 ~ 24 hours after injection, there may be slight reactions at the injection site, such as redness or mild induration, itching, swelling and pain. These adverse reactions can subside spontaneously within 24 ~ 48 hours, leaving no trace after subsiding.
2. Some people vaccinated with rabies vaccine may be accompanied by headache, dizziness, aversion to cold, fatigue, chest tightness and general malaise, in addition to rising body temperature and fever, which generally lasts 1 ~ 2 days.
3. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea may occur after individual inoculation, which are common on the day of inoculation and rarely last for 2 ~ 3 days.
Occasionally, some people will have a rash. If there are serious side effects such as immediate allergic reaction, subcutaneous edema and urticaria, symptomatic treatment can be carried out.
Tip: Generally speaking, these uncomfortable reactions are normal and can be relieved and subsided within 24-48 hours without special treatment. For serious adverse reactions, it is best to go to the hospital in time.
The target of rabies vaccine
There are two types: one is bite and scratch prevention after exposure, and the other is bite and scratch prevention before exposure.
(1) Prevention after exposure after bite. Any suspected contact with rabies virus, such as being bitten or scratched by dogs, cats, foxes, wolves, skunks, raccoons, blood-sucking bats, etc., including seemingly healthy animals, must be vaccinated even if the scratches are light and the damaged panels or mucous membranes have been licked by animals.
(2) Prevention before exposure, no bite. Veterinarians in epidemic areas, animal husbandry managers, livestock breeders, butchers, rabies virus experimenters, vaccine production enterprises, medical staff of rabies patients, cave workers, people who have frequent contact with other mammals, children in severely affected areas, postmen, tourists visiting epidemic areas and other staff with high risk of virus bites or contact should be vaccinated with rabies vaccine.
Rabies vaccine dose
Domestic diploid rabies vaccine
Freeze-dried human rabies vaccine human diploid cells are freeze-dried powder for injection. After redissolution, the specification is 1 ml/dose. The titer is greater than or equal to 4.0 iu/ml. [ 1] [ 1]
Domestic refining
The specifications of VERO cell rabies vaccine and refined hamster kidney cell rabies vaccine are 1ml/ amp, and the titer is ≧2.5IU. The specifications of Pasteur refined VERO cell rabies vaccine are 0.5ml/ amp, and the titer is ≧2.5IU.
Rules: 0 days, 3 days, 7 days after bite prevention, 14 days, 30 days; No bite prevention for 0 days, 7 days and 2 1 day.
Specific method
1 Prevention after biting. For general bites, that is, minor scratches, scratches or damage to the panel without bleeding, the vaccine 1 ampoule should be injected on the 0 th day, the injection day, the 3 rd day, the 7 th day, the 14 day and the 30 th day, respectively, with the same dose for children. For severe bites, in addition to the above methods, double doses of vaccine should be injected on the 0 th and 3 rd, and the bitten area should be infiltrated with 40IU/kg anti-rabies serum or 20IU/kg rabies immunoglobulin and injected intramuscularly. Anyone who uses anti-rabies serum or immunoglobulin in combination must inject 2 ~ 3 injections after the whole course of vaccine injection, that is, on the 15, 75th day or 10, 20th and 90th day after the whole course of vaccine injection.
For seven cases, such as injecting anti-rabies serum 1 0 0 days before vaccination, chronic patients such as liver cirrhosis, immunodeficiency, taking immunosuppressive drugs, the elderly, severe malnutrition, and starting immunization 48 hours after bite, 2 ~ 3 times the vaccine amount should be added at the time of initial vaccination and injected in different parts to obtain better immune effect. In addition, although some of them are slightly injured, there are many invading viruses or nerve-rich parts, and there may be cases where the incubation period is short and the vaccine alone is ineffective. Recently, the World Health Organization once again suggested that antiserum should be applied to any broken skin bite.
For healthy people who have not been bitten, preventive injections can be given three times at 0, 7, 2 1 day. 1 year and then every 1 3 years/needle.
The vaccine is used for intramuscular injection of deltoid muscle of upper arm. Children should have intramuscular injection in the anterolateral thigh area.
Shake the vaccine into a uniform suspension before use.
Inventor of rabies vaccine
The famous French biochemist Louis Pasteur invented the rabies vaccine.
At first, Pasteur injected rabies virus into rabbits, let the virus pass through several generations, and then injected it into healthy dogs. He found that after many generations, the toxicity of the virus was greatly reduced.
Inject this virus into a healthy dog, and the dog will not get sick and be immune to rabies virus.
After the success of this animal experiment, Pasteur took out the rabies virus handed down many times together with the spinal cord of the rabbit, and naturally dried and attenuated it.
Then the spinal cord was ground into emulsifier and diluted with normal saline to make the earliest attenuated rabies vaccine prepared from rabbit brain marrow, which was successfully used to treat human rabies.
With the development of science and technology, purified rabies vaccine for human use is the most widely used vaccine, and Pasteur vaccine is no longer used. However, Pasteur was the first person who successfully invented rabies vaccine and saved many rabies patients with his vaccine.
It can be said that without him, it is difficult for human beings to defeat rabies! In the confrontation between mankind and death, his exploits will be remembered by future generations forever!