Oral arithmetic has a strong application in daily life and practice. In the actual learning process, students should not only listen, but also watch, speak and remember, which, in a sense, is an organic combination of the four senses of ears, eyes, heart and mouth. The training of oral arithmetic ability is helpful to cultivate students' keen observation; It is beneficial to cultivate students' comprehensive thinking ability; It is helpful to cultivate students' quick response ability; It is helpful to enhance students' innovative consciousness. This is the value of learning oral arithmetic.
However, in teaching practice, I found that students are careless in oral arithmetic, either misreading operation symbols, or writing wrong numbers, or even making unreasonable mistakes, which has become a common phenomenon, and this problem needs to be solved urgently.
Second, the definition of the subject
Oral arithmetic, also often called mental arithmetic, is a calculation method that directly calculates the results through the brain without any calculation tools. Fast and simple, it is the basis of learning other calculations. In our daily life, we can say that there is not a day when we don't need to do oral calculations, especially some simple decimal calculations, which are convenient, flexible and fast. For junior students, oral calculation begins with the understanding and oral calculation of numbers within 10, and the learning of numbers within 20 and the cultivation of oral calculation ability are the key periods of basic operation. In the future, whether it is addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, or complex calculations such as square and multiplication, it is inseparable from the oral calculation of numbers within 20. The improvement of oral arithmetic ability is not achieved overnight, which requires a certain number of oral arithmetic exercises and a process. Therefore, oral arithmetic practice is carried out for 2~3 minutes every day, so that students can constantly experience oral arithmetic skills in practice, so that the oral arithmetic process is gradually simplified and some oral arithmetic skills are gradually formed, thus improving the accuracy and speed of calculation. The cultivation of computing ability is one of the main tasks of junior mathematics teaching, which is of great help to students' further study.
Third, the theoretical basis of the research.
1, mathematics curriculum standard
"New Curriculum Standard" emphasizes that mathematics curriculum in compulsory education stage is a basic course to cultivate citizens' quality, which is basic, universal and developmental.
"New Curriculum Standard" points out: "I can skillfully calculate addition and subtraction within 20, multiplication and division in the table, addition and subtraction within 100 and multiplication and division between two digits and one digit."
2. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
The theory of multiple intelligences holds that human intelligence is multiple, not single. Mathematical logic intelligence is an important part of human intelligence. And mathematical logic intelligence includes human computing power. Oral calculation is the main way to improve students' computing ability, which can promote the development of students' computing ability, reasoning ability and creative thinking. Good verbal ability is not only the basis of learning other mathematical knowledge, but also a reasonable, simple, fast and correct calculation reflects a person's mathematical literacy.
Fourth, the goal of the study.
1. How to improve the attention and instantaneous memory of junior students?
2. How can teachers improve students' interest in oral calculation and cultivate students' oral calculation habits in classroom teaching?
3. How can teachers pay attention to the cultivation of oral calculation methods and skills in class, so as to further realize the effectiveness of oral calculation teaching and improve the accuracy of students' oral calculation?
4. Audio-visual computing training plays an important role in cultivating students' verbal computing ability.
5. Explore the teaching methods and strategies of oral arithmetic.
Five, the content of the subject research
(A) the principle of cultivating students' oral expression ability
1, the principle of steady grasping and steady fighting, step by step.
The cultivation of mental arithmetic ability is not achieved overnight. We should start from the starting point, step by step, persevere, persevere.
2, people-oriented, the principle of promoting development.
Students at different levels should teach students in accordance with their aptitude, so that different students can have different development.
3. The principle of taking students as the main body and stimulating active learning.
Students are the main body of mathematics activities, and teachers should give full play to students' subjectivity and really promote the improvement of students' speech ability.
(B) strategies to improve students' oral ability
1, visually demonstrate, establish a sense of numbers, and form a representation.
The transition from direct perception of physical objects to representation operation is an important form of oral arithmetic in lower grades. Therefore, when students know the number within 10, they should always pay attention to intuitive teaching from the beginning. Before class, teachers and students prepared many pictures, sticks and digital cards that students like. In class, let the students count the pictures, sticks and their little fingers, and then look at the digital cards and bitmap to strengthen the training of number sense. Then, through intuitive operation activities such as dividing points and spelling, we can establish representations, master the composition and decomposition of numbers within 10, and skillfully calculate addition and subtraction within 10.
2. Pay attention to mathematics teaching and speed up oral calculation.
In the teaching of oral arithmetic, teaching students to understand arithmetic is the main way for students to master the basic methods of oral arithmetic effectively. The flexible use of oral arithmetic can deepen the understanding of arithmetic. Therefore, in teaching, we should not only teach students correct and reasonable algorithms, but also attach importance to the teaching of arithmetic. Through reasoning training, master methods and speed up oral calculation.
3. Scientifically and rationally design training methods to improve the accuracy of oral calculation.
The thinking imagery of junior students is strong. Without reasonable training, it is difficult to improve the speed and accuracy of oral calculation. The following measures can be taken in oral arithmetic training:
(1) Train students' attention.
In teaching, it is found that most students don't concentrate on reading formulas, read slowly and make mistakes. In this case, we can carry out the activity of "reciting formulas only", making courseware with PPT, and flying in front of students in various forms, so that students can think about which formulas, two at a time, and students can quickly say the formulas, and then three at a time. Some students can't remember, but they are very interested and concentrated. After training, students will be very excited as long as they practice oral arithmetic every day and the cards are presented, and the effect will be good.
(2) Training combining watching, listening and calculating.
Watching and listening are two basic forms of oral arithmetic practice. Looking at the questions, listening to the questions while remembering and thinking, it is more difficult to answer orally. In oral arithmetic training, the form of oral arithmetic is often changed, and the combination of reading and listening can improve students' interest and keep their learning active.
(3) Stimulate interest in various forms.
(1) Answer the oral calculation questions; (2) experts in recording oral calculations; (3) win the red flag in the group oral calculation competition; (4) help the card find friends.
In order to give full play to the game effect, sometimes we can design such things as "picking apples" and "flying pigeons delivering letters" according to the age characteristics of students.
"Frogs cross the river" and "draw lots to answer questions". Let students promote practice in play and improve in practice.
(4) Comparative practice of old and new knowledge.
Junior students accept new knowledge quickly, but soon forget it. In view of this feature, the old and new oral arithmetic problems are often compared and trained. Such as: 9 plus a few, 8 plus a few, 7 plus a few, 6 plus a few comparison; Comparison of addition and subtraction enables students to master new knowledge and review old knowledge to form a complete knowledge system. At the same time, straightening out the relationship in review is conducive to improving the correct rate of oral calculation.
(5) Disperse and concentrate on practice.
Improving students' oral expression ability is not a one-off event, but the result of long-term training. When teaching carry addition in 20 minutes, we should first concentrate on understanding the truth of carry, then practice 9 plus a few, 8 plus a few, 7 plus a few ... Finally, we should concentrate on training, find out several questions about 9 plus 8, and arrange them regularly. Less than 20 years after abdication, we can strengthen the training of addition and subtraction, and ask students to come up with two subtraction formulas according to one addition formula; Can quickly write two addition formulas and two subtraction formulas according to the three related numbers (such as 8, 7, 15). In this way, through the regular training of "concentration-dispersion-re-concentration", students can reach the degree of blurting out.
(C) the establishment of an appropriate evaluation system
Evaluation should not only pay attention to students' learning results, but also pay attention to the learning process. While completing the oral arithmetic training, actively evaluate students of different levels. Students with strong computing ability can be evaluated as "small experts in computing"; A verbal arithmetic contest can be held, and a "full mark award" can be awarded to those who get full marks, which can arouse the enthusiasm of students to participate in exercises, thus better improving their verbal arithmetic ability.
Sixth, the research method of the subject.
1. Literature method: By searching and studying relevant theories, effective theoretical support is established to guide the experimental work in each experimental stage.
2. Investigation method: To investigate, analyze and study students' existing language ability, and lay a realistic foundation for research.
3. Case study method: To study typical individuals, typical wrong questions and typical wrong causes, and conduct in-depth and comprehensive investigation and analysis, trying to reveal the reasons why students are prone to make mistakes in oral calculation, so as to seek effective teaching strategies and improve students' oral calculation ability.
4. Comparative method: determine the experimental group and the control group, and compare and analyze the relationship between related elements.
Seven, the steps of research.
1, preparation stage (20 13.8-20 13.9)
① Make an experimental research plan.
② Investigation and study. The researchers conducted a survey and statistics on the oral calculation ability of students in grades one to two.
3 test. The students in the experimental class from Grade One to Grade Two in Senior High School were tested for their oral arithmetic ability.
2. Implementation stage (2013.10-2013.12)
(1) implementation plan. In-depth study of teaching materials, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, taking research classes, and deepening analysis and summary.
② Learning from experience: Pay attention to learning from the successful experience of other places and brother schools to make the experiment go smoothly.
③ Quality inspection.
(4) Do a good job of data collection and sorting in the research process.
3. Summary report stage (2013.12-2014.1)
① Make a phased summary.
(2) Typical lesson plans, lesson plans, excellent essays, transcripts of listening calculation, experimental reports, etc.
Eight. Preliminary results
1, guide students to explore the skills and methods of oral calculation independently, and cultivate students' thinking habit of seeking the best shortcut in the process of learning mathematics.
2. Promote students' observation ability, comprehensive thinking ability, quick response ability and innovative consciousness through the training of oral calculation ability.
3. Organize students to participate in the oral arithmetic competition organized by the school and get gratifying results.
Nine, the main references
Zhang Jianlin. Reflections on Improving Junior Middle School Students' Oral Ability [J]. Mathematical World (for Teachers), 20 1 1(06).
[2] Gu Qing. On the significance of algorithm diversification [J]. New course learning (1), 20 1 1(06).
[3] Wang Jill. Talk about my understanding of "algorithm diversification" and "algorithm optimization" [J]. Primary school teaching research, 20 1 1(22).
[4] Lu Xiaoling. How to cultivate primary school students' oral expression ability [J]. Examination Weekly, 20 1 1(26).
[5] Liu Mingbo. Don't neglect the cultivation of language ability [J]. Counselor, 20 1 1(Z3).
[6] Cai Dongjing. Strategies to improve junior high school students' oral ability under the background of new curriculum [J]. Mathematical World (for teachers), 20 1 1(06).