1. Expand the scope of citizens' participation in politics: except for the ten generals, all official positions are open to male citizens of all levels, and consuls are elected by lottery.
2. Reforming the Civic Assembly: The Civic Assembly is the highest organ of state power and is responsible for major affairs such as internal affairs and foreign affairs. All male citizens over the age of 20 can participate and have the right to speak and vote.
3. Reform the membership and authority of the 500-member conference: 50 members of the 500-member conference will select 50 people from each 10 tribe by drawing lots, and take turns to govern in groups, and be responsible for convening the citizens' meeting and other affairs.
4. Improve the power and status of the jury court: the jury court is the highest judicial and supervisory organ in the country, and it is composed of 10 tribes elected from male citizens over 30 years old, with 600 people in each tribe.
5. Expand the power of the Committee of Ten Generals: the top government official, the Ten Generals, is elected by the citizens' assembly with a show of hands. The General Committee commands the army and participates in politics, and the general is in charge of the country's military and political power.
This reform took place in the 5th century BC, and finally established and reached the peak of Athenian democracy, which is called the "golden age" of Athenian democracy. This reformer is in the charge of Pericles.
In the 5th century BC, when Pericles came to power, democracy in Athens was finally established and reached the highest peak in the ancient world, which was called the "golden age" of democracy in Athens.
Pericles's foreign policy is based on expanding Athens' power and interests, trying to establish Athens' superiority and hegemony in both land and sea in the Greek world by taking the Peloponnesian retreat alliance led by Sparta as the enemy.
Pericles is not only a politician and strategist, but also an admirer and advocate of Greek classical culture. His ideal and ambition is to make Athens not only the overlord of the Greek world, but also the "school of all Greece".
Pericles's era was an era of high prosperity of Greek classical culture. Famous scholars, scholars and artists from the Greek world gathered in Athens and around Pericles to give lectures, seek truth, goodness and beauty, and explore the mysteries of the universe and the true meaning of life.
In 430 BC, a serious plague suddenly occurred in Athens, and a large number of residents died. Seeing that the garden outside the city has been ravaged by the enemy, the city is full of diseases and corpses. Athens is in chaos and full of complaints. It once failed to make peace with Sparta. Pericles's political opponents took the opportunity to become active. Before the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War, Pericles's good friends Anaxagoras and Pheidias were accused by them and forced to leave Athens.
Even Aspa West Asia has been accused of being the so-called ungodly. Now they directly attack Pericles, blaming him for the misfortune of the war, and Pericles is fined. But at present, Athens still needs Pericles's leadership. But in 429 BC, shortly after Pericles was re-elected as a general, the plague took his life. Pericles's era is over.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Perikles Reform
Baidu Encyclopedia-Perikles