Trial procedure of Japanese courts

Japanese courts are equivalent to China courts. As a country with separation of powers, Japan's judicial power is exercised by courts at all levels. Courts in Japan include Supreme Court, High Court, District Court, Family Court and Summary Court. Cases tried by the Supreme Court are conducted by a large collegiate bench or a small collegiate bench. The grand collegial panel consists of 15 judges, and there are three small collegial panels, each with five judges. Nine judges of a large collegial panel or three judges of a small collegial panel may form a collegial panel to hear a case and make a judgment. The appeal procedure of the Supreme Court is usually initiated by a written appeal by a party who refuses to accept the judgment of a lower court (usually a higher court).

Legal basis:

Organic Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) People's Court

Article 2 The people's courts are the judicial organs of the state.

By trying criminal cases, civil cases, administrative cases and other cases prescribed by law, people's courts punish crimes, protect innocent people from criminal investigation, resolve civil and administrative disputes, protect the legitimate rights and interests of individuals and organizations, supervise administrative organs to exercise their functions and powers according to law, safeguard national security and social order, safeguard social fairness and justice, safeguard the unity, dignity and authority of the national legal system, and ensure the smooth progress of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's construction.

Article 3 The people's courts shall be established in accordance with the Constitution, laws and decisions of the NPC Standing Committee.