The rules of speed skating are very simple, and I believe everyone is familiar with them. Speed skating is a popular event in the Winter Olympics. Speed skating is an ice sport that competes skating speed on a 400-meter track. Here are the simple rules of speed skating.
Brief introduction to simple rules of speed skating 1
Speed skating, referred to as speed skating, is a sport with the longest history and the widest range of events in skating. 1763 February 4th, 15km speed skating competition was held in Britain for the first time. The World Championship was first held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands from 65438 to 0889. Men's and women's speed skating were included in the Winter Olympics in 1924 and 1960 respectively.
Project rules
In the individual competition, two players in each group will be decided by internal and external lottery. Every time the two sides slide, they will exchange trajectories and rank according to the sliding results. Those who spend less time will win.
Team chase, 2 teams in each group, 3 people in each team, and start from the opposite straight. After eight laps of men's skating and six laps of women's skating, the winner will be decided by the time to finally cross the finish line.
In the group competition, the athletes stand in several rows at the starting point, with a maximum of 6 people in each row. On the first lap after departure, you can only follow the skater 1 and wait until you fire your gun again to accelerate overtaking.
Site and equipment
Speed skating track is long and fast, so wind resistance should be considered in competition clothes. Tights connect the hat, coat and trousers into a whole and are made of elastic materials. After strict wind tunnel test, the resistance is minimized.
Klepp's new skates are unique. Only the front point of the roller skates is fixedly connected with the roller skates, and the rear point is not fixed with the roller skates, which prolongs the skating distance, improves the action structure and improves the skating speed.
The rules of speed skating are simple. Speed skating is an ice sport that competes for skating speed on a 400-meter track. Engaging in speed skating is helpful to improve physical and mental health, promote human metabolism, improve cardiopulmonary function, enhance cold resistance and cultivate tenacious will quality.
The 400-meter track is divided into inner lane and outer lane, with two people 1 group competition. Every time a skater reaches the lane-changing area at 1 lap, the athlete from the inner lane must change to the outer lane, and the athlete from the outer lane must change to the inner lane. According to the rules of the International Skating Federation, speed skating events are divided into four categories: short distance, middle distance, long distance and all-around, and each category is divided into two groups: male and female. 500 meters. 1000 meters. 1500m.
race track
The maximum circumference of the standard speed skating track is 400 meters, and the minimum is 333.33 meters. The radius of the inner curve cannot be less than 25 meters or more than 26 meters. Each track is 5 meters wide and 4 meters narrow. Short track speed skating runway perimeter11.12m, inner curve radius 8.25m, straight line length128.07m. ..
Competition mode
Generally speaking, each group consists of 2 athletes.
In the two tracks, athletes from the inner lane should change to the outer lane when taxiing to the lane change zone, and athletes from the outer lane should change to the inner lane.
When changing lanes, in order to avoid the collision of athletes, the debut athletes have the priority to change lanes. If an athlete collides when changing lanes, the inner lane athlete will be disqualified.
Men's competition
It is divided into 500m, 1 0,000m, 1 0,500m, 5000m,10,000m, men's team chase, and team start.
Speed skating men's team chase: two teams compete, each with three people. Both sides start with opposite slides at the same time. After eight laps, the third runner decided the outcome by the time of the finish line.
Team departure: cancel the distinction between the inner track and the outer track of individual race track, and add a warm-up track in the competition where 12~ 18 players compete for places at the same time.
Women's competition
It is divided into 500m, 1 0,000m, 1 0,500m, 3000m, 5000m, women's team chase and team start.
Speed skating women's team chase: two teams compete, each with three people. Both sides start with opposite slides at the same time. After six laps of skating, the winner is decided according to the record of the third runner crossing the finish line.
Team departure: cancel the distinction between the inner track and the outer track of individual race track, and add a warm-up track in the competition where 12~ 18 players compete for places at the same time.
Definition of foul
Basic rule
During the competition, athletes can overtake their opponents at any time, but illegal means, such as deliberately pushing other opponents, sneaking away, slipping off the runway, etc. , will be disqualified. In the relay race, each team has four athletes. Athletes are not allowed to deliberately push other opponents, steal, slide off the runway, overtake illegally, slow down without reason, and exceed the receiving area. These are illegal acts and will be disqualified.
Speed skating training The technical level of speed skating is constantly improved with the continuous improvement of training work. At first, people took part in speed skating and only practiced on the ice in winter. Later, some people increased the content of physical training during the ice-free period, which promoted the improvement of speed skating performance.
Rule development
In 1950s, world famous athletes began to carry out a relatively complete annual training plan. With the continuous improvement of speed skating training theory, absorbing the training experience of other events and improving training equipment, sports skills have been greatly improved. Speed skating is a periodic exercise with a specific speed in a low temperature environment, so speed skating training should combine comprehensive physical training with special physical training.
Aerobic metabolism and anaerobic metabolism training, cardiopulmonary system and muscle system training, dynamic and static strength training are closely combined to implement comprehensive training. To train high-level speed skaters, it is necessary to carry out systematic training for many years from an early age. According to the characteristics of children's growth and development, in general, a training cycle is about 3 years, and it takes 3 ~ 4 cycles to train an excellent speed skater.
In the annual and multi-year training, it is necessary to scientifically and systematically formulate annual and multi-year training plans. The training period should be scientifically divided according to the main purpose of training and the major competition tasks, combined with the different situations of children or athletes. According to the year, the training period can be divided into several different periods: preparation period, physical and psychological preparation for participating in the competition; Competition period (competition period), so that the body and mind can reach the best competitive state and participate in the competition;
Transition period (rest period) to eliminate physical and mental fatigue caused by fierce competition; It can also be divided into time periods according to the season or land (ice-free) training and ice (ice-free) training. No matter how to divide the period, we should proceed from reality, follow people's physiological functions and determine it according to training and competition tasks, and we can't make the stages absolute.
The rules of speed skating are simple. 3. Athletes must skate counterclockwise. Athletes from the inner lane should change to the outer lane when taxiing to the lane change area, and athletes from the outer lane should change to the inner lane. When fighting for lanes in lane-changing areas, athletes who turn inward should take the initiative to give way. At the start, after the "take your positions" password is issued, the athletes should stand between the starting line and the preparatory line; After giving the "Ready" password, make a good starting posture immediately, don't move before firing, keep still, and start immediately after firing.
In curve skating, skates are not allowed to cut into the snow line. When two or more athletes run on the same track, the latter athlete must keep a distance of 5 meters from the former athlete, and can overtake without affecting the normal running of the former athlete. Athletes' skates will touch the finish line before reaching it. When an athlete's normal running or falling down is affected by reasons other than his own, he can rest for 30 minutes with the permission of the referee, but he can't participate in the competition again because the ice rink is dirty or the skates are damaged.
An all-around champion should be an athlete who has won more than three individual championships (1). If no one meets this requirement, the all-around champion will be the one with the best score (the least score). An athlete who won 1 in three events but was disqualified from the competition in 1 or failed to complete the fourth event for personal reasons cannot be awarded the all-around champion or counted in the all-around ranking. All-around results are as follows: 500 meters seconds is the result of the project;
1/2 of 1000m is the score of this item; 1500m 1/3 is the score of this item; The number 1/6 of 3000m is the score of this project; The number of 5000 meters110 is the score; 10000m 1/20 is the score of the project, and the total score is only calculated to three decimal places. If the total scores of several players are slightly different, four decimal places should be considered.