Before the start of each game, the athletes of both sides draw lots to choose the position to serve and receive the service. The winner has the right to choose the service direction and receive the service, or he can ask the other side to make a choice first. If the winner chooses to serve or receive the service first, the opponent chooses the position; If the winner chooses the position, the opponent will choose to serve or receive the service first.
Second, practice the ball
Before the start of the competition, athletes have the right to practice for 2 minutes on the table where the competition begins.
Third, legal services.
1, when serving, put the ball on the palm of your hand, don't clap your hands, keep the palm still, open it, lay it flat, put your fingers together and open your thumb naturally.
2. The ball stays at the last moment without clapping until it hits the ball when serving. Without clapping, the ball and the whole racket should always be higher than the level of the table.
3. The server can only throw the ball up by hand, but can't make the ball rotate, so that the ball can be thrown straight up from the palm, at least 16 cm away from the palm.
4. When the ball falls from the highest point thrown, the server can hit the ball. The ball first touches the server's table, and then directly crosses or bypasses the net and touches the receiver's table.
5. In doubles, the ball should first touch the right half of the server, and then directly cross or bypass the net and touch the right half of the receiver.
Fourth, the results evaluation
A match: In a match, the winner is the singles or doubles player who scores 1 1, but after the draw, it is 10, and the winner must score 2 points first. A match: international rules stipulate that singles are best of seven games and doubles are best of five games.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) equipment
Table: 2.74m long and1.525m wide, 0.76m higher than the ground. There is a white line with a width of 0.02 meters on each side of the table. Net: The length is1.83m, the width is 0.1525m, the distance between the net column and the table is 0.1525m .. The diameter of the ball is 40mm.
Skills:
1. Pay attention to the rules when serving:
The serve action only consists of two parts: (1) one-handed throwing action: the throwing height is greater than or equal to 16cm, and the throwing action should be outside the end line of the table, higher than the table and vertical; ⑵ Swing action of the other hand: According to the new rules, it should be higher than the table, and the line of sight of the referees on both sides and the athletes on the other side should be clear.
3. Pay attention to the pertinence of services:
Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle. Before serving, you should know the basic situation and characteristics of the opponent as much as possible: the basic situation mainly includes whether (1) is a straight shot or a horizontal shot; (2) whether it is left-handed or right-handed; (3) Asian players or European and American players; (4) Whether it is raw rubber or semi-long rubber; 5] is reverse glue or positive glue; [6] Whether it is a near-table fast break or a chop attack; ⑦ Is it the first time to meet or get acquainted? We should be aware of the above situation. If possible, it is best to know the opponent's specialty, serve, hit the ball, drop the ball and the ball path through warm-up, video recording and reporting.
3. Pay attention to serve and score directly:
By studying and studying all kinds of spiral serve, practice the best serve and unique serve, such as side serve, return serve and near-net sideline serve, and score directly at the beginning of serve. In the opening and middle games, we should strive for initiative and open the score, which is particularly important in the "+one point system";
4. Pay attention to serve and attack:
Generally speaking, the purpose of serving to prepare for attack is to improve the service quality through various methods, increase the difficulty of the opponent's catching the ball, and make the opponent's return quality not high, thus creating conditions for the attack.
Specifically, we should pay attention to the following points:
(1) Take advantage of the opponent's loopholes and weaknesses to constantly change the landing point, rotation, strength and curve, thus improving the service quality and creating offensive opportunities;
⑵ By studying the law of serving, we can generally predict the return route of the opponent when serving, thus improving the probability of successful attack.
⑶ Use the power of joint service to mobilize opponents. For example, serving close to the net and turning short, combined with the bottom line, left, right, near, long and urgent ball, can often get twice the result with half the effort;
(4) Serve the ball to the opponent's left line by using the combination of rotation, such as the ball that serves close to the net and does not turn, the ball that serves close to the net and spins down, and the "left-fried side spiral ball". This rotation combination makes opponents feel difficult to adapt, thus controlling the rhythm of the game and making the attack score frequently.
5. Pay attention to the power of serving:
When it comes to the power of serving, especially the afterburner, people often think of the consequences of afterburner: either the ball flies out of bounds or the ball bounces too high. But in fact, the service is short, the ball is short, the rotation is low and the position is good; Serving a long ball, the ball is long, urgent, turns and falls on the left and right corners, which embodies the artistry and technicality of table tennis. Not only in practice, but also in theory. As long as the ratio of impact force to friction force is well controlled, the spiral length when the ball rubs on the racket is appropriately increased, the friction thickness is reduced, and the time when the ball rubs on the racket is appropriately extended, the above effects can be achieved.
Pay attention to the rotation of the serve:
The diversity of table tennis rotation and the richness of the curves produced by it are unique in all ball games. So how to carry out various rotations, especially rotations with similar actions but different properties? Mainly should pay attention to the following points:
(1) Use different parts of the racket to hit the ball and rub it, and send out different spinning balls. If you use the lower side of the racket face and the upper side of the racket face to hit the ball and rub it, the ball can rotate and not rotate accordingly;
⑵ Using spiral lead, if the ball is hit and rubbed in different stages and directions, it will produce different rotations. Touching the ball in the direction of the downward spiral will produce the downward spiral; Touching the ball in the upward spiral direction will produce an upward spiral;
⑶ Different wrist force modes produce different rotations: if it is spring strike force, the rotation will not be great; If it is upward spiral linear friction, it will rotate upward;
⑷ Increasing the thickness of sponge properly and enhancing the stickiness of racket can enhance the rotation of table tennis. Especially after using a big ball, this problem is more important;
5. Increase the time and distance that the resultant force acts on the racket: if the spiral ball is served, the ball should be rubbed near the right side of the racket face; For example, when the spiral ball does not turn, the ball should be rubbed near the left side of the racket face;
(6) Properly increase the action, speed up the swing speed and cut it thin: in this way, when the swing speed is far away from the center of the ball, the faster the swing speed, the greater the hitting force and the power of the racket rubbing the ball, so the rotation of the ball is strengthened;
Pay attention to the change of service:
The serve is unpredictable and often makes the opponent at a loss. But we often see that in competitions, including some big competitions, some athletes only use one or two kinds of service from beginning to end. The monotonous service and the monotonous landing will often make the opponent adapt quickly and be in a passive position. So prepare several sets of serve, such as forehand, backhand, side serve, upper spiral, lower spiral, long spiral, short spiral and so on. Give full play to the active opportunity in the service stage, strive to achieve: six combinations+combinations, and prepare more sets of service routes when serving, which will often make us invincible!
⒏ Pay attention to service innovation;
Constantly improving service quality and creating new services are the needs of the development of table tennis and the embodiment of its vitality. Faced with a new high-quality service, because the opponent is unfamiliar, the conditioned reflex has not been established in his mind. Therefore, I feel uncoordinated, uncomfortable and even helpless when hitting the ball, which leads to direct or indirect scores, which fully shows the great power of the new serve. Recently, the author has researched and developed a kind of "left-explosive side spiral ball", which exerts force, accelerates and spirals the ball from the left center line to the left line of the opponent, and has achieved good results in dealing with the horizontal stroke, especially the backhand and backhand long glue and chopping.
The four basic elements of table tennis technology: table tennis has a variety of styles and tactics. No matter what style of play, no matter how changeable tactics, table tennis skills are inseparable from four basic factors, namely strength, speed, rotation and placement.
Power acts on the ball, which is manifested in the forward speed and rotation intensity of the ball.
If you smash hard in the middle of the attack, so that the other side can't catch well, then you must play with your strength.
If you are strengthening the spin, whether it is topspin or backspin, then you must rub the ball hard.
In order to minimize the opponent's preparation time, you must seize the time and try to return the ball to the opponent's table in the shortest and fastest time, so that the opponent is caught off guard. This is speed.
In order to increase the difficulty of the opponent's counterattack, we can also make various kinds of rotating balls to force the opponent to "get a chance" after returning the ball. This is rotation.
The table tennis table is not big. To make your ball more powerful, you must mobilize your opponent to move or run back and forth. So pay attention to placement.
Therefore, strength, speed, rotation and placement are the basic elements of table tennis technology.
Eight points for attention in table tennis serving technique. Pay attention to the rules of serving;
The serve action only consists of two parts: (1) one-handed throwing action: the throwing height is greater than or equal to 16cm, and the throwing action should be outside the end line of the table, higher than the table and vertical; ⑵ Swing action of the other hand: According to the new rules, it should be higher than the table, and the line of sight of the referees on both sides and the athletes on the other side should be clear.
3. Pay attention to the pertinence of services:
Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle. Before serving, you should know the basic situation and characteristics of the opponent as much as possible: the basic situation mainly includes whether (1) is a straight shot or a horizontal shot; (2) whether it is left-handed or right-handed; (3) Asian players or European and American players; (4) Whether it is raw rubber or semi-long rubber; 5] is reverse glue or positive glue; [6] Whether it is a near-table fast break or a chop attack; ⑦ Is it the first time to meet or get acquainted? We should be aware of the above situation. If possible, it is best to know the opponent's specialty, serve, hit the ball, drop the ball and the ball path through warm-up, video recording and reporting.
3. Pay attention to serve and score directly:
By studying and studying all kinds of spiral serve, practice the best serve and unique serve, such as side serve, return serve and near-net sideline serve, and score directly at the beginning of serve. In the opening and middle games, we should strive for initiative and open the score, which is particularly important in the "+one point system";
4. Pay attention to serve and attack:
Generally speaking, the purpose of serving to prepare for attack is to improve the service quality through various methods, increase the difficulty of the opponent's catching the ball, and make the opponent's return quality not high, thus creating conditions for the attack.
Specifically, we should pay attention to the following points:
(1) Take advantage of the opponent's loopholes and weaknesses to constantly change the landing point, rotation, strength and curve, thus improving the service quality and creating offensive opportunities;
⑵ By studying the law of serving, we can generally predict the return route of the opponent when serving, thus improving the probability of successful attack.
⑶ Use the power of joint service to mobilize opponents. For example, serving close to the net and turning short, combined with the bottom line, left, right, near, long and urgent ball, can often get twice the result with half the effort;
(4) Serve the ball to the opponent's left line by using the combination of rotation, such as the ball that serves close to the net and does not turn, the ball that serves close to the net and spins down, and the "left-fried side spiral ball". This rotation combination makes opponents feel difficult to adapt, thus controlling the rhythm of the game and making the attack score frequently.
5. Pay attention to the power of serving:
When it comes to the power of serving, especially the afterburner, people often think of the consequences of afterburner: either the ball flies out of bounds or the ball bounces too high. But in fact, the service is short, the ball is short, the rotation is low and the position is good; Serving a long ball, the ball is long, urgent, turns and falls on the left and right corners, which embodies the artistry and technicality of table tennis. Not only in practice, but also in theory. As long as the ratio of impact force to friction force is well controlled, the spiral length when the ball rubs on the racket is appropriately increased, the friction thickness is reduced, and the time when the ball rubs on the racket is appropriately extended, the above effects can be achieved.
Pay attention to the rotation of the serve:
The diversity of table tennis rotation and the richness of the curves produced by it are unique in all ball games. So how to carry out various rotations, especially rotations with similar actions but different properties? Mainly should pay attention to the following points:
How to practice receiving service well In table tennis, receiving service is the most difficult relative to other links, such as serving for attack or stalemate. Because it is completely controlled by the server and there is no technical restriction on the server, the unpredictability of the order-taking service is greatly increased. Therefore, it is the key to improve the ability of receiving service and apply the mastered technology to receiving service reasonably.
In modern table tennis competition, being proactive and getting the first move is the technical style of overall tactics. Under this premise, receiving service is the most commonly used place in the game to reflect the transformation from defense to attack and attack and defense. In a relatively passive state, it should be the basic guiding ideology to achieve stalemate through control, and then try to turn to attack and strive for initiative. The specific technical operation is as follows:
First of all, judge
Correct judgment is the first step in accepting service. If there is no big deviation in judgment, it can be said that the service receiving technique can be better used and all efforts can be avoided, but it often happens that it cannot be played because of inaccurate judgment.
1, the judgment of rotation
The rotation that often occurs in table tennis service mainly includes left, right, up, down, rotation and non-rotation. Through the use of various service methods by the server, the nature of these rotations is shown. Such as forehand and backhand, squat, etc. When judging the nature of rotation, the following aspects can be considered:
(1) shape: Generally speaking, the shape is vertical when the topspin is served, while the backspin is flat and inclined, which is directly related to the part that will contact the ball when serving, because the contact point is closer to the back middle of the ball when serving topspin and non-topspin; When the hair rotates up and down, you can compare the rotation by rubbing the middle and lower parts and the bottom;
(2) Action trajectory: When the serve is backspin and non-backspin, the swing amplitude of the wrist is generally not very large at the moment when the ball touches the racket, which often cooperates with the fake action; When serving topspin and backspin, the wrist swings slightly, which makes it easy to "eat" the ball and the action is relatively fixed. There is often a pause after hitting the ball. Even with fake movements, it will not be as coherent as the topspin and backspin on the hair side.
(3) Arc: topspin and non-topspin generally run faster, and often have the feeling of "jumping forward", which is easy to be released when serving short balls, and the arc is low and flat; The backspin runs smoothly, the arc is slightly higher, and the short ball is not easy to come out;
(4) Hand-out: Generally, when the serve is topspin, the hand-out is faster, sudden and the action is vague; The backspin stroke is slower, because it is necessary to give the ball enough friction time to make the ball have a strong backspin effect.
(5) Distribution: It is also very important to constantly ponder the random distribution and habits of the service's rotating nature when receiving the service, especially in the case of unclear judgment. For example, in a round of service, the server usually has several turns, several turns, several sides and several sides, which usually appear in a round, as well as what kind of service he likes at first, how to serve the key ball and so on. There is no doubt that in the face of the innovative and unpredictable service technology in the world table tennis world, the guess of the receiver is essential. If you want to make every ball clear, it's not practical.
2. Judgment of speed and landing point.
(1) Judgment of long pass: Under normal circumstances, if the server wants to serve the ball very long, the first landing point is mostly near his own platform line. If the forces are similar, the ball's moving speed, side topspin and non-topspin are obviously faster than side topspin and backspin. If it is a long ball with a diagonal line on the hair side, it should be noted that the second arc of the ball has the characteristics of lateral rotation; If it is a straight long ball, we should pay special attention to the ball that is flattened or slightly turned outwards, because this kind of ball is easy to serve a straight ball in addition to its high speed, which objectively increases the angle of the ball and increases the difficulty for the receiver;
(2) Judge the short ball, because the server wants to serve the short ball, and he can't make a lot of effort in his hand, so he has to stop. Therefore, it is more difficult to give full play to the speed advantage of short balls, and more is the landing point and rotation. When serving a short ball, the first landing point is generally close to the net. According to this feature, the length of the incoming ball can be judged. When catching a short ball, you should pay special attention not to put your hand into the table too early, so as not to "arch" the second arc of the side spin short ball forward and push it against the board, which will make your hand lose control of the ball. The incoming ball may be in the "umbrella triangle" position, and the ball will come out from the sideline near the net, making it too late for your hand to take off and catch the ball straight.
How to improve the forehand pull strength 1 and release the handle properly. When playing a small ball, it is generally not recommended to hold a lot because of the fast speed of the ball. Considering the angle of the forearm and the upper arm, it can be opened. Today, this is not enough. It is necessary to properly open the shoulder joint and increase the range of pulling the ball. At the same time, raise your hand as high as possible to create conditions for the forward power and make the ball generate greater forward power.
2. Friction balls should not be too thin. Rotation can improve the accuracy of pulling the ball, but it will affect the forward translation speed of the ball. In the same chessboard, rotation and speed are a contradictory unity. In order to prevent the friction force from being too thin, the hitting part should not be too close, but the middle part should be the main part, the plate shape should be vertical, and the forward tilt should not be too large, and at the same time avoid too much contact with the side of the ball. This will make the friction thicker.
3. Tighten the waist. The waist is the hinge to complete the movement transmission of upper and lower limbs. Reasonable waist movements will coordinate movements and concentrate strength. In the whole process of pulling the ball, the waist should be stretched, and the rotation on the vertical axis should not be too large to prevent the forward force from being dispersed. In order to give full play to the function of the waist, the abdomen should be closed and the chest should be contained during the ball pulling process.
4. The elbow moves in a lateral semicircle. Lifting the elbow and clamping the arm is a common mistake in pulling the ball. When pulling the ball, the elbow and the arm do a small arc movement on the outside together, which is beneficial to the strength when hitting the ball and makes the strength more concentrated.
5. High center of gravity. Try to raise the center of gravity as much as possible under the premise of keeping the movement steady, and never squat down, which will cause the ball to sit and pull, so that it can't only get up and down, and it lacks the motivation to move forward.
The development trend of penhold backhand The penhold backhand position has always been considered as the death point of penhold players. With the rapid development of table tennis speed and rotation, due to physiological limitations, backhand players' leaning forward and exerting force at will has always been the biggest technical loophole.
Over the years, many talented athletes and coaches have devoted a lot of energy to make up for the congenital defects of backhand and backhand, and have practiced countless times and achieved considerable results. For example, the early conventional push block adds thrust, reduces thrust, pushes, screws and so on. Then it was forced sideways, and the whole Taiwan attacked forehand, and then it was a "straight and horizontal" "black powder debut", and the coming straight and horizontal alternations. After many competitions, practice has proved that the backhand skills of backhand players should be complete and meticulous.
The so-called "all-round" means that people have it and people don't. The essence is to make people better than me. All: that is, the near platform can be pushed, the reverse bow can be hit, the middle platform can be backhand attack, the far platform can be pulled horizontally or backhand pocket, and a board can be cut if necessary.
Personally, I think that future backhand players can adopt the model of "Liu-Toshio Tanaka-Marin". The push block near the platform is combined with reverse arch and percussion; For the ball with a small angle in the middle platform, the backhand should be able to attack two lines like Tian Zhongjun's backhand, especially the backhand skateboard can attack the opponent's forehand position. In the past, the ball was bent and turned, and the ball was heavy, so it was difficult for defenders to borrow. It is very effective to deal with the opponent's too large small arc. At the 45th World Table Tennis Championships in the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, he almost bored Liu with this trick. Cosco Taiwan or forehand and backhand can be pulled horizontally or quickly to gain the initiative and change passive defense into active defense. Cross-pulling should be like marin, and it can be deadlocked with cross-shooting. However, the backhand technique should be based on backhand attack, supplemented by horizontal pull, and strive to suppress opponents with speed.
Backhand hitters can use the style of "Peng Longjiang-Jin Zezhu-Marin". First of all, we should pay attention to our own strength and quality training, so that we can use the "devil pushing block" like a bulldozer in Penglongjiang, and appropriately add bouncing action in the action to strengthen the power of pushing block. Close to Taiwan Province, the opponent should be pushed by the storm, leaving him with insufficient time to hold hands. When the angle between China and Taiwan is not big, he should attack backhand like Jin Zezhu, and COSCO Taiwan Province should be able to hold a stalemate, even a strong stalemate. In particular, there is also a skill that anti-adhesive players must master-backhand pocket. Passive defense, as long as you can hold, hold, because the ball in your pocket rotates upward, it is not easy to hit hard after playing. Once the opponent returns the ball, the quality is not high, haha! Here comes the opportunity to turn from defending to attacking. In a word, backhand backhand should be mainly horizontal pull, supplemented by backhand attack and stroke. Making full use of the stability of backhand can create the characteristics of rotation and enrich backhand technology.
At present, backhand backhand is mainly used for backhand backhand. No matter whether you turn right to press left or left to press right, you can see the weakness of backhand backhand, weakness, stalemate and no threat. Therefore, the backhand of backhand can be technically outstanding, so that the backhand loopholes will be filled to the greatest extent, and then the original flexible, fast and changeable characteristics of backhand will be inherited and carried forward, so that you can confidently compete with the backhand of backhand.
How to improve the power of forehand pulling 1 and release the handle properly. When playing a small ball, it is generally not recommended to hold a lot because of the fast speed of the ball. Considering the angle of the forearm and the upper arm, it can be opened. Today, this is not enough. It is necessary to properly open the shoulder joint and increase the range of pulling the ball. At the same time, raise your hand as high as possible to create conditions for the forward power and make the ball generate greater forward power.
2. Friction balls should not be too thin. Rotation can improve the accuracy of pulling the ball, but it will affect the forward translation speed of the ball. In the same chessboard, rotation and speed are a contradictory unity. In order to prevent the friction force from being too thin, the hitting part should not be too close, but the middle part should be the main part, the plate shape should be vertical, and the forward tilt should not be too large, and at the same time avoid too much contact with the side of the ball. This will make the friction thicker.
3. Tighten the waist. The waist is the hinge to complete the movement transmission of upper and lower limbs. Reasonable waist movements will coordinate movements and concentrate strength. In the whole process of pulling the ball, the waist should be stretched, and the rotation on the vertical axis should not be too large to prevent the forward force from being dispersed. In order to give full play to the function of the waist, the abdomen should be closed and the chest should be contained during the ball pulling process.
4. The elbow moves in a lateral semicircle. Lifting the elbow and clamping the arm is a common mistake in pulling the ball. When pulling the ball, the elbow and the arm do a small arc movement on the outside together, which is beneficial to the strength when hitting the ball and makes the strength more concentrated.
5. High center of gravity. Try to raise the center of gravity as much as possible under the premise of keeping the movement steady, and never squat down, which will cause the ball to sit and pull, so that it can't only get up and down, and it lacks the motivation to move forward.
Racket maintenance:
A racket that conforms to the rules and can be used for formal competition consists of a bottom plate, a sponge and a rubber sheet. Let's introduce their respective precautions in maintenance and use.
The current trend of soleplate is different from that in 1960s, which is mainly reflected in two physical aspects. 1. Light weight: In the 1960s, the weight of straight plate was generally between 120- 130g, and that of horizontal plate was between 150- 160g, while the current bottom plate was generally between 90- 100g; Second, the thickness is thin: it was 6-7 mm in the 1960s, but now it is 5-6 mm. In order to pursue these two characteristics, and at the same time to maintain the good performance of "eating the ball without shaking hands and the bottom is strong enough", when selecting materials, it is necessary to choose lighter wood. For example, in the 1960s, Sweden often used birch as the soleplate, but today, Sweden mostly uses maple and prismatic wood as the soleplate, thus greatly reducing the weight of the ball board. But because the material is light, soft and weak, the bottom plate is more likely to be damaged. Therefore, in the process of use, in addition to keeping the bottom plate in a dry place to prevent heavy pressure and damage, special attention should be paid to the collision between the ball board and the table and the ground when playing. For example, spare boards can be used when feeding more balls, and the players who chop the ball should keep a certain distance from the ground when practicing, so as to avoid the occurrence of bad habits such as losing the ball, deliberately dropping the racket, hitting the table with the racket and hitting the baffle.
The main factors affecting the properties of sponge are thickness, hardness, elasticity, pore size and number of holes. Because sponge is an expanding body, it should not be excessively pulled and stressed during use. When playing in a low temperature place, you should pay attention to proper heat preservation, because the bottom temperature will affect the elasticity of the sponge. People who use a single piece of rubber sheet and sponge sheet should use a fire-roasting electric perm head to iron the rubber sheet when replacing the rubber sheet, so that the glue between the rubber sheet and sponge can be fully dissolved and the sponge can be prevented from being damaged when replacing the rubber sheet. Glue can make the sponge foam and increase its elasticity, but when sticking to the bottom plate, use non-toxic special glue, which can protect both the sponge and the bottom plate.
In table tennis tools, there are many kinds of rubber covers, but they can be roughly divided into two categories, one is reverse stickers and the other is positive stickers. Reverse stickers include reverse glue and arc-proof glue, while front stickers include positive glue, raw glue and long glue. Because of the different rubber content, the reverse rubber has large friction, strong surface adsorption and adhesion, and the contact point between rubber and ball is not easy to slide, which is beneficial to increase the rotation of ball. In order to give full play to this characteristic, the most important thing when using reverse glue is to keep the rubber clean. Don't rub the eraser with greasy hands. After playing the ball every time, you can rinse the rubber with clear water and paste a layer of plastic film. If there is dirt that is difficult to remove with clean water, it can also be cleaned with detergents such as soap and dried before use.
The front rubber is low in rubber content, high in tooth hardness, low in friction, small in area and easy to slide because the rubber is in contact with the ball. Based on this feature, special attention should be paid to keeping the rubber dry when using positive glue. If you play in a wet place, you can wipe the rubber with a desiccant to reduce the humidity on the rubber surface. Generally speaking, the bottom cover of rubber sheet is relatively thin. When sticking with a sponge, don't apply too much glue on the rubber at a time to prevent the rubber from being "rolled" and causing unnecessary losses.