Volleyball is a team event. Each team consists of 12 players, and each team sends 6 players to play on the court separated by the net.
The purpose of the competition is for each team to abide by the rules, hit the ball over the net, make it fall on the ground of the opponent's court, and prevent the ball from falling on the ground of their own court. Each team can hit the ball three times (except for blocking tennis) and return the ball to the other team's court.
The game begins with serving, and the server hits the ball to fly from the net to the opponent's court. The game continues until the ball hits the ground, goes out of bounds or a team cannot legally send the ball back to the opponent's court.
The volleyball match adopts the best of five games, with three games winning one game. In the competition, if a team wins 1 goal, it will get 1 point (the scoring system for each goal). The receiving team wins 1, gets 1 point, and gets the right to serve at the same time. The players rotate one position clockwise. The team that scored 25 points in each game (except the fifth game of the deciding game) and led the opponent by 2 points won one game. When the score is 24: 24, the game continues until the first team leads by 2 points (26: 24, 27: 25). The deciding game 15 points leads the opponent by 2 points to win. When the score is14:14, the game will continue until the first team leads by 2 points (16:14,17:15).
Serve foul
Serve foul includes serve foul and serve foul after hitting the ball.
Foul in serving and hitting:
(1) service order error;
(2) When the server hits the ball or takes off, step on the ground outside the court (including the end line) or the service court;
(3) The server failed to hit the ball within 8 seconds after the first referee blew the whistle to allow the service;
(4) hitting the ball before the ball is thrown up or the holder has not clearly evacuated;
(5) hitting the ball with both hands or throwing the ball with one hand;
(6) Throw the ball to serve but not to hit the ball.
Foul after serving and hitting the ball:
(1) The ball touches other players of the serving team or the whole ball does not pass through the vertical plane of the net from the net crossing area;
(2) foul ball;
(3) An individual or group whose ball crosses the service cover (when serving, a player or two or more players stand in a crowded position or swing their arms to jump and move to block the receiver, and the service flies over him or them, which constitutes an individual or group foul on the service cover).
position error
Volleyball rules stipulate that when the server hits the ball, if the player on the court is not in the right position, it constitutes a position error foul. One of the following situations is a position error foul:
(1) When the server hits the ball, other players on the court are not all standing on the court;
(2) When the server hits the ball, the players on the court fail to stand well according to the regulation that "each front-row player has at least one foot closer to the center line than the back-row players in the same row";
(3) When the server hits the ball, the players on the court fail to stand well according to the regulation that "at least part of each left (right) player's feet are closer to the left (right) sideline than those of the middle players in the same row".
The ball fouled.
Combination foul
In volleyball match, any part of a player's body can touch the ball, but a player (except the blocking player) touches the ball twice in a row or the ball touches different parts of his body in a row is a combo foul. However, in the first stroke, players are allowed to touch different parts of the body continuously in the same stroke.
Foul with the ball
Volleyball players can touch the ball with any part of their bodies in the game, but the ball must be hit and cannot be caught or thrown, otherwise it will be a foul to hold the ball.
Four shots foul
A team touches the ball four times in a row (except blocking) is a four-stroke foul. No matter whether the player hits the ball actively or passively, it is counted as a player hitting the ball once.
Hit foul
It is a foul for a player to hit the ball with the support of his partner or anything on the playing field.
A player's foul near the net.
Players' near-net fouls include hitting the ball over the net, crossing the middle line, touching the net and entering the opponent's space over the net to hinder the opponent's game. Touching the ball in the opponent's space before or during the opponent's attack is a foul of hitting the ball over the net. In the game, a player's whole foot, hand or any other part of his body crosses the center line and touches the opponent's court, which is a foul for crossing the center line. In the game, it is not a foul for a player to touch the net or the flagpole. However, it is illegal for a player to touch the net or mark when hitting the ball or interfering with the game. After hitting the ball, the player can touch the net post, net rope or anything beyond the length of the whole net, but it must not affect the game. During the competition, players are allowed to cross the opponent's offline space without disturbing the competition. If a player crosses the opponent's space under the net and hinders the opponent's game, it is a foul.
Hit the ball simultaneously
Players from both sides or the same team can touch the ball at the same time. Two or more players on the same team touch the ball at the same time, which counts as two strokes or more (except blocking). After both players hit the ball to the net at the same time, if the ball falls into the court, the game should continue. The player who gets the ball can still hit the ball three times.
(of basketball) blocking
Blocking fouls include blocking fouls through the net, blocking fouls by players in the back row, blocking fouls by serving and blocking fouls by reaching into the opponent's space from the goalpost. It is illegal to block the ball in the opponent's space before or during the attack. The judgment of blocking is based on the time sequence of the attacking player and the blocking player touching the ball. The back row player or the back row free defender completes the block or participates in the group that completes the block, and fouls the back row player. It is against the rules to block the ball on the other side. It is a foul to block the ball from the outside of the post and touch it.
Offensive foul of the players in the back row.
In the frontcourt or when stepping on the offensive line (or its extension line), the back-row player hits the ball higher than the upper edge of the net, hits the vertical surface of the net or touches the opponent's blocking player, which belongs to the offensive ball foul of the back-row player.
Pause and replace
During the competition, each team can request at most 2 timeouts and 6 substitutions. The pause time is limited to 30 seconds. 1 ~ 4 has two other technical pauses of 60 seconds each, which will be automatically executed whenever the leading team reaches 8 points and 16 points. There is no technical pause in the deciding game (the fifth game), and each team can ask for two ordinary pauses of 30 seconds in this game.
Relevant regulations of free defenders
A volleyball team can choose 12 players from the final confirmed players as free agents. Free defenders wear different clothes from other players. Before the game, the free defender must register on the scoreboard and mark the word "L" next to it. His number must be registered on the first game lineup position table. Free defenders only take part in the competition as special back-row players, and are not allowed to directly hit the ball higher than the net into the opponent's field to complete the offensive stroke at any position (including the competition field and barrier-free area). Free defenders are not allowed to serve, block or try to block. When the free defender passes the ball manually in the frontcourt, and the whole pass is higher than the upper edge of the net, his partner may not complete the offensive hitting of the ball above the net.
"Free player" or "free man" is a rule tried by FIVB in 1996 World Women's Volleyball Grand Prix, and it is called a free defender. The role of free defenders is to strengthen defense and achieve a balance between offense and defense.
The rules for free agents are as follows:
1. A team can have no free players, but only two people can be registered at most.
2. During the game, only one free agent can be present in a team.
3. Free players must wear jerseys that are obviously different from those of other teams.
4. The substitution of free players is not counted in the number of substitutions of ordinary players (not recorded).
5. The replacement of a free agent must be completed after the ball hits the ground and before the first referee's serve whistle (the coach does not need to ask for the replacement of a free agent and does not need to use a number plate); It is limited to changing the same person, and changing the same free agent must be at least in a round-trip interval (that is, a dead ball).
6. The record sheet must indicate the free agent.
7. Free agents are not allowed to be included in the rotation table, but they can be replaced before the game.
8. The rotation of free agents is limited to the back row. Don't serve or spin to the front row, don't block or try to block.
9. If the position of the ball is higher than the height of the net, the free player shall not cross the net to the opponent's court at any position on the court.
10. If the second pass is a free player with a master in the front row, the attack height of the third ball shall not exceed the height of the net.
1 1. A free agent is not necessarily the captain.
Attachment: Volleyball Ranking Description: "Double Freemen"
According to the requirements of FIVB competition rules, each team can only have one free man in the game, and two players dressed as free men are not allowed to undertake the defensive tasks in the back row at the same time. By "double freemen", we mean that one freeman wears the required clothes, and the other freeman wears the game clothes of ordinary players, acting as a substitute in the game and exercising the actual function of back row defense. So one is in the light, the other is in the dark, and the two defenders in the back row join hands to defend the team's defense.
The confirmation of round robin ranking is generally known to every team. For the sake of clarity, here is the calculation method of ranking again:
Look at the points first Each team wins one game and gets 2 points, and loses one game and gets 1 point, and the leader of points ranks first.
Look at the c value again. C value refers to the ratio of the number of games won and the number of games lost by the team in all competitions. When the number of points is equal, the place with large C value comes first;
Look at the Z-value again. The Z-value refers to the ratio of the points scored by the team in all competitions to the points lost. When the integral and c value are equal, the place with large z value comes first;
If the above three things are the same (of course, the probability of this happening is extremely small), then the ranking is generally decided by drawing lots internationally.