1. The basic characteristics of the city-state: small country with few people and independence.
The polis is a citizen group with the same blood and region.
2. The establishment of democracy in Athens.
Foundation: Solon Reform
Time: Early 6th century BC
Content: According to the amount of property, citizens are divided into four grades; Citizens' assembly becomes an organ of power; Establish a 400-member Council; Establish a citizen jury court; Abolish debt slavery.
Function: The reform shook the hereditary privilege of the old clan nobles, guaranteed the democratic rights of citizens and laid the foundation of Athenian democratic politics.
Establishment: Reform in Cristini
Time: end of 6th century BC
Content: establish ten regional tribes and hold elections on a tribal basis; Establish a 500-member parliament, and the tribes take turns to govern; Form a committee of ten generals; Continue to expand the rights of the citizens' assembly.
Function: This reform basically eradicated the political privileges of the old clan aristocrats, expanded the citizens' participation power unprecedentedly, and established the democratic politics in Athens.
Golden Age: The Rule of Perikles
Time: 5th century BC
3. Features: people's sovereignty, rule by turns, supremacy of law and equality of citizens.
4. Positive role: promoting the formation of Greek national character; Promote the development of ancient Greek cultural undertakings; Create western democratic politics.
Negative influence: male citizen democracy; Direct democracy of small countries and few people; The disadvantages of election lottery and taking turns to sit in the village.