Hmong (Vietnamese: m? O) It is an international nation that originated in China. According to the census in 2000, the total population of Miao nationality was 8940 1 16, mainly distributed in Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hainan, Guangxi and other provinces (regions). Miaoling Mountain and Wuling Mountain, where Miao people live together, have mild climate, and are surrounded by mountains and waters, with large and small dams scattered all over the place. Mainly produces rice, corn, millet, wheat, cotton, flue-cured tobacco, rape, tung oil and so on. According to the national census in 20 1 1 year, the Miao population in China reached100000, and there were about two or three million Miao people abroad.
What traditional festivals do Miao people have? I collect relevant information for your reference!
National festivals
Miao nationality is rich in ancient civilization and pays attention to etiquette. The 20-year-old festival is unique and distinctive. Miao traditional festivals are divided into: 1. Farming festival; Material exchange festival; 3. Festivals for men and women to socialize, fall in love and choose their spouses; 4. Sacrificial festivals; 5. Commemorate and celebrate festivals. In chronological order, a year is divided into twelve months, and each month has more than one festival. Move the moon (mouse or sub moon) 1? 15 (from the first child's day to the second child's day) is the year of drama festival, in which 1 child's day is the day of the year, and Miao people do not go out (far); The 1 ugly day is the annual festival, and the 1 ugly day to the second ugly day (2? 14), people visit relatives and friends, congratulate each other on the New Year, sing songs between men and women, and play with dragons and lions. The second day of the second lunar month (15) is the last year (burning dragon lanterns). The first ugly day of the partial moon (bull moon or ugly moon) is the friendship day, also known as the dragon head festival. Miao people sacrifice to the land gods and collect dragons safely.
The first day of June+10 (Tiger Moon or silver moon) in 5438 was a festival for material exchange and social interaction between men and women (known as the Third Street Festival in March in Chinese). The first Sunday in February (Rabbit Month or Uzuki) is the Ox King's Day (called April 8th in Chinese), when men and women get together for cherry, which is the Buddha's birthday. The first and second days of March (Dragon Moon or Chen Yue) are the Dragon Boat Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival respectively, in which the Dragon Boat Festival was later named Qu Yuan, a great patriotic poet of Miao nationality, also known as Qu Yuan Festival and Songshi Festival. April 1 day (Snake Moon or Mitsuki) is the Dragon Festival (called June 6th and June field in Chinese), and it is also a new barley festival. The 1 sub-day in May (horse month or noon month) is a small festival (summer solstice, Yindan? At noon the next day, it was the Seven Qiao Festival (called Seven Sisters in Miao language, namely the Big Dipper). The second day of June is the Duck Festival, and the second day is the Mid-Autumn Festival. July 1 Shenri (Monkey Moon or Shenyue) is the wine festival (harvesting glutinous rice to make sweet wine and rice wine). August (chicken moon or full moon) is a festival of sacrifice (mainly for ancestor worship, eating pigs, jumping incense, mourning, Anlong and other activities). ). September (dog month or full moon) hunting festival, choose a day to worship the three gods of Meishan and start hunting. 10 (Year of the Pig or Haiyue) is the festival of eating pigs and soaking pigs (killing pigs in that year), the festival of kitchen gods (offering sacrifices to kitchen gods) and New Year's Eve (called October Miao Spring Festival in Chinese).
Drum festival
Drum festival is also called drum festival, and Miao language is called nongx hek nes. Drum and Tibetan Festival is a ritual for Miao people who belong to a drum (that is, a branch) to worship their ancestors every three years, commonly known as eating drums.
On the Drum and Tibetan Festival, a drake must be killed to pray to the ancestors, and then pigs or cows can be killed to worship the ancestors, indicating that the festival of ancestor worship comes once every three years.
Selectively kill pigs to worship ancestors. The standard is: boar fattened after castration. The hoof and claw can't be deformed, and the pig hair can't be entangled. You can speak drum and Tibetan when you start killing pigs. For example, what is the name of killing pigs? Uh, officer? What is the name of a pig covered with straw after death? Cover the quilt? Then burn pig hair with covered straw, and scream. Shine on the sun? .
When each family worships their ancestors on the Drum-Tibetan Festival, they first cut off a large piece of pork breast and cooked it, and then cut it into fist-sized pieces. The host burns incense and paper, presents the ancestors with pork, liver, fish and glutinous rice, and then prays. 13 years of storage, today I come to pay homage. Mountain gods sit on high mountains, earth gods guard the countryside, and ancestors have been guarding them. People are free from diseases and disasters, which makes our six livestock flourish. Ears of rice are like oxtails, grains of rice are like soybeans, and the grain in the warehouse is always full. The wine in the altar is not empty, the children grow up day by day, the old man lives with the sun and the moon, and the gods protect their relatives and friends, and every year is good. After the prayer, the host pinched the glutinous rice, grabbed the meat and gave it to everyone. These heavy objects are the meat of pig breasts, called. Cangmen meat? . Eat without salt or seasoning. Eat as much as you want, but don't throw it about. When eating, you can only say obscure code words. You can't say it when you're full? Are you full? What are you talking about? Man Cang? Wait, that means auspicious.
The activities of the Drum and Tibetan Festival are mainly stepping on bronze drums and dancing lusheng, which generally lasts for 5-9 days. What is the reason for the Drum Festival? Hide your head? Organization, a series of procedures from killing pigs or cattle to ancestor worship to festival activities are compiled? Hide your head? Organizational arrangements, people must obey.
Hmong
Miao traditional festivals in Qiandongnan dialect area. The Miao language is Nulun. It started in Duliujiang River Basin and went from north to south through Rongshui Danian, Gongdong, Gandong, Dongtou, Flood and Baiyun to Antai, An Chuan, Xiangfen and Sirong, which lasted for more than three months. Years ago, everyone cleaned the house, trimmed the village roads, killed pigs, made rice cakes and prepared to welcome guests. On New Year's Eve, young people and old people celebrate the New Year together. After the fourth watch, the girls grabbed fresh water and picked gold and silver. The boys went up the hill to drive the cattle and sheep into the pen. I wish the coming year a bumper harvest of grain and prosperity of six livestock. On the first day of this month, the dragon god will drive away ghosts and evil spirits. On the second day of the second year, I sent a New Year's Eve dinner to my married daughter. Go to Lushengpo after the third grade, taking the village as the unit? Playing lusheng that year? The whole village visited his village for three days. During the festival, there are three major slope festivals, namely, Thirteen Slope, Sixteen Slope and Seventeen Slope, and countless township slope festivals. In addition to the Lusheng competition in blowing sheng, there are activities such as bird shooting, bullfighting, duet, wrestling and shotgun shooting. Young men and women travel freely, make friends with songs, express their feelings with flutes and find ideal partners. Until the end of New Year's Eve.
Social festivals
Traditional festivals of Miao people offering sacrifices to land gods and ancestors. Spring Club and Autumn Club are held on the fifth day after beginning of spring and beginning of autumn. Spring will receive God, autumn will send God, and there will be peace in the temple. The pigs sacrificed in social festivals were decided by lottery the year before. People who need to worship the land god are not allowed to participate in weddings and funerals within 30 ~ 40 days before the National Day, and men and women who are pregnant are not allowed to participate. Before the festival, each family handed in a catty of glutinous rice to make steamed rice. In the morning, teachers go door to door to ask for blessings. After breakfast, everyone gathered in Ping She Heshe Temple to kill pigs, steam rice, burn incense and paper, worship the gods of the society, and pray for good weather, abundant crops and prosperous livestock. After the sacrifice, have fun with the land god. Avoid hanging clothes, working in the fields, burning fires in the mountains, picking Chai Jin Village, etc.
April 8(th)
Miao people worship cows. Legend has it that the eighth day of April is the cow's birthday. When the time comes, cows won't pull plows. They collected black rice leaves and maple leaves from the mountains, mashed them with stone mortar, soaked rice in filter juice and steamed them into black glutinous rice to kill chickens and ducks for cattle's wishes. Shou? . Black rice is a folk prescription of Miao nationality, which has the effects of strengthening tendons and protecting bones and benefiting essence and qi. Miao people worship cattle with black rice, which reflects the special role of cattle in farming society.
Lusheng Festival
Lusheng Festival is the most common and grand traditional festival in Miao areas, and it is a festival with Lusheng stepping on the hall and competing Lusheng as its main activities. Lusheng Festival is very grand in many places in southeastern Guizhou, such as Kaili, Congjiang, Rongjiang and Ping Huang. Lusheng Festival is generally named after Poe Society (such as Shisanpo and Gulongpo). The time of Lusheng Festival varies from place to place, because some come from auspicious days in ancient times, some come from celebrating harvest, and some come from myths and legends. Generally speaking, a ceremony will be held before the festival. The venerable old man in the village presided over ancestor worship. At the same time, all families worship their ancestors themselves. Then all the girls in the villages dressed up and put on silver flowers and ornaments. Both young men and Lusheng players brought their own Lusheng, and they came to Lusheng venue from all directions. Young men and women in each village form a circle and blowing sheng dances for four or five days. The atmosphere is very warm, and it is a fusion song.
Horse fighting festival
Traditional Miao festivals are located in the northwest mountainous area of Rongshui Miao Autonomous County. The local Miao people have the custom of playing with Touma. According to legend, 500 years ago, Miao girls liked to marry brave Touma experts. When boys fell in love with the same girl, Wang Miao organized a horse race to decide the girl's ownership. Later, Touma gradually evolved into a major event in grand festivals.
1987 The People's Government of Rongshui Miao Autonomous County designated the county celebration day-165438+1October 26th as the Miao Horse Fighting Festival. There are two festivals: horse fighting and horse racing, and the first, second and third place are finally awarded. During the festival, traditional cultural activities will be held.
Drum joint
Traditional Miao festivals. The Miao language is called Niu. The ceremony is held every 13 years, and the drum length is more than 4 meters; The music festival is held every three years and plays drums with a length of 1.7 meters. The festival lasts for 3 days. The drum is hollowed out with large paulownia wood according to its size, and both ends are sealed with cowhide. There are two air holes on the drum. Festival activities are divided into drum hoop, drum singing, drum pulling and drum burial stages. Is it time for distant relatives to come? Eat drums? , celebrate the festival together; The host ate pork separately, killed chickens and ducks, and entertained warmly. The whole village was immersed in joy. Drum-pulling Festival is intended to offer sacrifices to ancestors, pray for favorable weather and prosperous countryside, and combine sacrifice with entertainment.
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